Ukuthetha ngoxolo yitshimera apho bambalwa abatyali mali abanamava kwimarike yemasheya abafuna ukuthetha ngayo. Ziimarike ngokwazo ezinyanzelisa ixabiso elifanele ukuba nezabelo. yeenkampani, ngaphandle kweemfihlelo ezinkulu, zibhekisa kuninzi lwazo. Kwaye oko kuyakusekelwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo eziphawula ezona ndaba zezoqoqosho zifike ngexesha. Ngamanye amaxesha banokuba zezinye, kwaye kwezinye, amaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, kukho iprofayili yabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abaneenjongo zabo kuphela ukubhalisa kwezokhuseleko ezikhuselekileyo kwizabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo. Nangona oku kuya kufuneka uyithobe injongo yakho amandla aphezulu.
Ngokubanzi, yiphrofayili ethile egcina imali, ephendula kwizikhokelo ezicacileyo ngokubhekisele kwisicwangciso sabo sotyalo-mali. Kwaye ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na iimeko ufuna ukubeka emngciphekweni iiasethi zakho, ngakumbi kwimali encinci okanye ukhuseleko olucingelwayo. Ukukhuselwa kwemali oyigcinileyo kuqala kuqala kwimbuyekezo enokuveliswa ngotyalo-mali lwakho. Ukwengeza izenzo zabo zijolise kumagama amade, ukusukela kunyaka okanye nangaphezulu. Kwaye oko kuhlala kusekwe kwiimodeli zesiko kakhulu ngokubhekisele kwimigca yeshishini eboniswe ziinkampani eziyinto yamabango abo okuthatha isikhundla kwiimarike zesitokhwe.
Ukusuka kule meko ichazwe kakuhle, aba batyalomali banokuchongwa ngamahlelo ahlukeneyo: okhuselekileyo, okhuselayo, oqhelekileyo, njl. Kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zezabelo abazithengayo kurhwebo lwabo kwiimarike ze-equity? Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ezo zinika ukhuseleko olukhulu, ngakumbi oko sukuvelisa iintshukumo eziphakamileyo kakhulu malunga nokungazinzi. Ngethuba nje ukuhluka kwabo phakathi kwelona xabiso liphezulu kunye nelona xabiso lincinci kwiseshoni efanayo yokurhweba liqinile, kungcono kubo. Ukuba ngabagqatswa abanokubakho, ke, ukwenza ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali kule minyaka imbalwa izayo.
Amaxabiso epotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali
Xa kumiselwa ukhetho lwabo kwii-equities, bathanda ukukhetha kuqala kwizabelo eziyinxalenye yesalathiso sesizwe., Kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ngolwazi oluphezulu malunga nabo, nakwimisebenzi yeshishini apho iinkampani zabo zidityanisiwe. Ishishini. Abanawo amathuba amaninzi okubaqesha, kodwa ziyancitshiswa zibe ngamaxabiso aqhelekileyo, ubomi bakho bonke, obuthengise iminyaka emininzi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uneziphumo zeshishini ezisempilweni, kwanangeniso ephezulu kakhulu minyaka le.
Kodwa zithini kanye kanye ezi zixabiso? Ekuqaleni, oko kubizwa ngokuba ziiblue chips, okanye ezona nkampani zimeleyo kwibenmarkmark yesizwe: BBVA, Banco Santander, Endesa, Iberdrola kunye neRepsol. Ezi ziinkampani ezinokuzinza kwamaxabiso amakhulu kunezinye, ezingafane zibhekise kunxaxha olubukhali kwiseshoni nganye yorhwebo. Nangona inkampani yeoyile yaseSpain ibonakalise ukungazinzi okunamandla kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo, kwaye njengesiphumo sokuwa kweoyile kwiimarike zemali, ukufikelela kumanqanaba eedola ezingama-30 umphanda, ukwehla kunyaka ophelileyo ongaphezulu kwama-60%.
Kwelinye icala, banethuba lokufaka isandla kolu didi lwabatyali mali ngaphezulu komvuzo osisahlulayo, ekufutshane ne-6% kuninzi lwezi meko. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokugqithisa ukusebenza kweyona mveliso iphambili yengeniso (iidipozithi zexesha, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki okanye ityala loluntu), elinikezela ngenzala ye-1%. Ngenxa yokwehla kwexabiso lemali yi-European Central Bank (ECB). Kwaye nangaliphi na ixesha inokusebenza njengenkuthazo yokwenza ukonga kunenzuzo ngeziqinisekiso ezinkulu, kwaye nangokhuseleko oluthile.
Ewe, ezi ntlobo zexabiso aziyikhangeli, zizindululo zohlobo lokuthelekelela olunokonakalisa iminqweno yabo. Isizathu singaphezulu kokucacileyo, kuba amaxabiso aguqukayo anokuzenza ulahlekelwe yinxalenye yeeasethi zakho kwiiseshoni ezimbalwa zokurhweba, nangaliphi na ixesha. Kwaye kwelinye icala, kunzima ngakumbi ukulandela uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha oluchanekileyo. Kunqabile ukuba bakhethe ezinye iindlela ezibonelelwe ziimarike zamasheya.
Zithini iinjongo zakho?
Ukuqonda isicwangciso-qhinga sakho sotyalo-mali, akusayi kubakho khetho ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuba zeziphi iinjongo ozilandelayo kwizinto ozenza mihla le. Bazama, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ukufumana ubuncinci bokusebenza ngaphezulu kwayo yonke enye into. Ayimangalisi, kodwa ubuncinci ingeniso rhoqo ngonyaka. Ukusebenza kwabo kuhlala kujikeleze i-5% okanye i-8%ngaphandle kwento abanokuyifumana ngezahlulo.
Olunye usukelo lwabo, kwaye njengoko lunokubonakala ngathi lungaqhelekanga, kukukhusela ulondolozo lwakho ngokukhetha izitokhwe eziqinileyo, ezingafane ziwe kwiimarike zesitokhwe. Hayi ilize, utyalo-mali lwabo lujolise kwixesha eliphakathi nelide kunokuba lixesha elifutshane. Abaxhasi ukungazinzi okuthile kwizindululo zabo, ngaphaya kokusebenza okuthile okunomngcipheko omkhulu. Kuya kubakho amaxesha ambalwa kakhulu okuvala imisebenzi yabo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye kuncinci kwiseshoni efanayo yemarike yemasheya.
Kananjalo abakuthandi ukungena kwiimarike abangazazi kangako, kwaye ngokubanzi zihambelana nezo zingaphandle kwemida yethu. Banqunyelwe, kwiimeko ezininzi, kwizalathiso zikazwelonke, kwaye ukuba bangabakwa-Ibex 35, kungcono kwimidla yabo nakwizicwangciso ezilungiselelwe aba bantu. Abathandi ukuzama iimodeli ezintsha zotyalo-mali, nkqu nangamaxesha alungileyo ezemali.
Oku kungaphantsi okanye kungaphantsi kweyona mpawu iphambili kwiprofayili ethi ibekho kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi, kwaye bayisebenzisa nangaliphi na ixesha ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwezona zinoburharha ezizama ukwenza imisebenzi ibe nenzuzo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kunye namaxabiso aphezulu emngciphekweni, ngokuhla okukhulu kumaxabiso abo. Ngamafutshane, iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda ukutyalomali kwimarike yemasheya.
Bafumana ntoni ekusebenzeni kwabo?
Abatyali mali abalondolozayo banendlela eyahlukileyo yokuhambisa ulondolozo lwabo kwiimarike zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo. Kwaye ijolise ikakhulu ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezincinci ezibavumela, kancinci kancinci, ukuba bandise iiasethi zabo. Kuya kufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ufuna ukulingisa esi sicwangciso ukusukela ngoku.
- Ukhuseleko luhlala lukhona ngaphezu kwenzuzo, kuba eyona njongo yayo ikufutshane gcina imali oyigcinileyo esele iqokelele iminyaka emininzi, nkqu nakubomi babo bonke, njengakwimeko yabatyali mali abadala.
- Ngaphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko balawulwa ziindlela ezinobungozi obuphezuluEndaweni yoko, bazama ukubabekela umda phantse lonke ixesha betyala imali yabo. Akumangalisi ukuba kunqabile ukuba benze ngokusesikweni ukusebenza kwezi mpawu, kwaye ubukhulu becala kube kanye.
- Banoluhlu olunqunyelweyo lwamaxabiso adityaniswa Amacandelo athile kwimarike yaseSpain: iibhanki, oohola bendlela, iinkampani zokwakha, ngakumbi iinkampani ezinxulunyaniswa nomsebenzi wamandla.
- Kwizikhundla zabo zotyalo-mali kuqhelekile ukufumana ukhuseleko oluhambisa izabelo eziphezulu minyaka le, ngaphezulu kwe-5%. Kwaye yenza ntoni kubo? yenza umvuzo othembekileyo ngaphakathi kokungafaniyo, kodwa ngembuyekezo ephezulu kunezinye iimveliso zebhanki ezinxulumene nokonga.
- Njalo basebenzise ezona meko zintle Iimarike zezabelo, kwaye zihlala zihlala ecaleni xa ukungaqiniseki kuthatha ii-indices zazo eziphambili. Bakhuselekile, njengoko besitsho kwintengiso yesitokhwe.
- Abanawo amabhongo agqithisileyo xa bebeka iinjongo zabo, kwaye ngokufumana ngaphezulu nje kwe-5% baziva bengonelisekanga yimidlalo yabo. Ngamafutshane, into abangayifuniyo kukuphulukana ne-euro enye kwingxowa yabo yokonga.
Zeziphi iinjongo ezenziwa ngabatyali mali abalondolozayo?
Into eyahluke kakhulu ziinjongo abazilandelayo, kunye nezinye iinjongo abazifezekisayo kutyalo-mali lwabo. Uninzi lwexesha lihambelana, kodwa akufuneki lihlale lihlala. Ngokwesiqhelo, kukuzivelela kweemarike zezemali ezimisela ezi zinto zixabisekileyo, nangona ngokomzekelo, ezi inokuba zezinye zeziphumo zotyalo-mali lwakho.
Umyinge obuyayo ekusebenzeni yenzelwe ixesha eliphakathi okanye elide, eliye lixhaswe kukuhlawulwa kwezahlulelo minyaka le. Ukomeleza ibhalansi yeakhawunti yakho yokujonga, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ngamandla athile.
Nciphisa ilahleko enokwenzeka ezinokuthi ziveliswe kwizikhundla zabo, kokubini ekukhetheni amaxabiso, nakwizicwangciso abaqhele ukuzisebenzisa kwasekuqaleni.
Ngokungazibeki ngokuqinisekileyo iinjongo ezinamabhongo, xa bevala ukusebenza kwabo kwiimarike, inzuzo eyinkunzi, ayimangalisa kwaphela, kodwa bakhonza kuphela ukuhlawula i-whim encinci, akukho nto iyenye.
Bahlala bedibanisa olu hlobo lotyalo-mali kunye nezinye iimveliso zebhanki ukusika okhuselayo ngakumbi, njengefomula yokugcina ukonga kwakho, kwaneyona mizuzu iluncedo kakhulu kwizabelo.
Iakhawunti yangoku yaba bantu ihlala ikhula minyaka le, nangona bengayi kuzuza ubutyebi ngale ndlela. Ngayiphi na imeko, iya kuba yibhonasi eyongezelelweyo eya kuthi isombulule iingxaki zayo zokuhlawula amatyala.
Kunzima kubo ukuba bacinge ngelahleko kwiintshukumo zabo, kwaye ukuba zincinci. Kungenxa yokuba abanangxaki kakhulu yokuvala izikhundla zabo. Banokuthatha iminyaka eliqela ngotyalo-mali olufanayo.
Njengoko aba bahlala bengabantu abanengxowa yokonga enamandla kakhulu, into abayenzayo luhlobo lwesicwangciso yonyuse ngokuphakathi, kwaye ngaphandle kokucinga ngomngcipheko oluya kuthathwa lolunye udidi lwabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi, ngakumbi abo banoburharha.