Abantu abaninzi bakwazile ukugcina imali engaphaya kwesiqhelo ngexesha lobhubhane kwaye ngoku bayazibuza ukuba yintoni abanokuyenza ukuze bafumane imali engaphezulu ngale sele benayo. Enye yezona ndlela zilula kukufumana ibhanki ekuhlawulayo ngokuba nemali kwiakhawunti. Kule meko, Enye yezona ndlela zokwenza inzuzo kukongeza inxalenye yolondolozo lwethu kwingxowa mali. Kodwa zithini iimali ezihlangeneyo? Zisebenza njani?
Sifuna ukucacisa umxholo weengxowa-mali kunye kunye nokuchaza kakuhle ukuba isebenza njani. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba wazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ukuze wazi ukuba yeyiphi enokuba ngcono kuthi. Ukuba unomdla kwisihloko, qhubeka ufunda.
Yintoni ingxowa mali kwaye isebenza njani?
Xa sithetha ngengxowa-mali efanayo okanye ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali, sibhekisa kwi-IIC (iziko lotyalo-mali ngokudibeneyo). Isekwe kwintlanganiso yemali eyahlukeneyo yotyalomali yokutyala imali kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali. Uxanduva lweli nyathelo lunikezelwe kwinkampani yolawulo. Le inokuba yinkampani yeenkonzo zotyalo-mali okanye ibhanki. Ngamanye amagama: Iimali ezihlangeneyo lolunye utyalo-mali olwahlukeneyo, njengoko betyala imali kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali oko kunciphisa umngcipheko (kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwengxowa mali ekhethiweyo)
Abantu abafaka igalelo kule ngxowa-mali babizwa ngokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba bengxowa-mali. Igalelo labo bonke lenza ukulawulwa okulawulwa yinkampani yolawulo nakwiziko eligcina imali, Umsebenzi wawo kukukhusela imali kunye nokukhuseleka. Ikwenza neminye imisebenzi efana nokubeka esweni kunye nokuqinisekisa utyalomali.
Emva kokutyala kwenye yezi mali, umthathi-nxaxheba ufumana inani elithile lezabelo. Ezi zinexabiso leasethi eyahlukileyo okanye ixabiso ngosuku ngalunye, njengoko kusisiphumo sesahlulo phakathi kwee-equity ezixabiswe ngelo xesha kunye nenani lezabelo ezikhoyo. Ukufumana imbuyekezo kwingxowa mali, kufuneka uthengise izabelo. Ngokubanzi, intengiso inokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kwaleyo mali apho ukuthengiswa kubekelwe umda kumaxesha athile okanye imihla.
Ukusebenza
Abantu abaliqela bayadibana benze ingxowa mali ngokudibeneyo kwindawo yokugcina imali, njengebhanki, eyona njongo yabo ikukukhusela imali okanye iiasethi. Ingxowa mali yotyalo-mali ilawulwa yinkampani yolawulo ekhethekileyo kutyalo-mali. Abathathi-nxaxheba, oko kukuthi, abantu abafake imali kwingxowa-mali, bafumana ipesenti yabo yotyalo-mali ngosuku abafuna ukukhupha ngalo imali yabo apho. Inzuzo iya kuxhomekeka kwiziphumo zenkampani yolawulo otyale imali kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemali.
Ngokwesiqhelo, inkampani yolawulo ityala imali (eyangaphandle okanye eyasekhaya imali), kwiarhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba okanye iiasethi ezinikezelwe kwintsebenzo (enokuba yimali ebolekiweyo yokubolekwa kwemali) nakukhuseleko oluluhlu (iibhondi, izabelo, njl. Ukongeza kutyalo-mali lwenkunzi, ikwaphethe ukugcina iiakhawunti, ukulawula inkampani egcina imali kunye nokwenza ushicilelo olufunekayo ngokusemthethweni. Kwelinye icala, ekuphela komsebenzi wenkampani egcina imali kukukhusela izixhobo kunye nokukhuseleka okubonisa utyalo-mali. Zombini iinkampani kufuneka zilawule ukuba zonke izikhokelo zemigaqo yolawulo ziyafezekiswa.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuxhasana ngemali okanye imali yotyalo-mali inikezela ngeseva eziphakathi nezincinci ithuba lokunyusa ukonga kwabo ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimakethi yenkunzi. Benza oku ngobuchwephesha obufanayo kunye neenqobo zokugweba njengotyalomali olukhulu.
Iindidi zeemali zotyalo mali ngokwendlela eziqhuba ngayo
Zimbini iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeemali, kuxhomekeke kwintsebenzo yazo. Endaweni yokuqala kukho isihlobo, esisebenza ngokuhambelana nesalathiso, esibizwa ngokuba yiBenchmark, kwaye sifezekiswe ngexesha elithile. Ezi zezona ngxowa mali zotyalo mali zemveli otyalo-mali olunobungozi obuncinci, kodwa banazo neekomishini ezingaphantsi.
Kwimeko yodidi olupheleleyo, akukho Bhenkmark kwaye ixabiso lotyalo mali lilinganiswa ngexabiso lemali. Iimali zotyalo-mali zolu hlobo zibiza kakhulu kwaye umthathi-nxaxheba akazi ukuba bazakutyala ntoni. Bahlala basebenzisa zonke iintlobo zobuchule botyalo-mali, ezinje ngeziphumo, izikhundla ezimfutshane, njl. oko kwandisa umngcipheko wotyalo-mali.
Umsebenzi ohambelana noko
Xa sithetha ngemali yotyalo-mali ngokusebenza ngokulinganayo, abathathi-nxaxheba banolwazi lwendawo leyo baya kuthi batyale imali kunye nezixhobo zemali, ezinje ngezixhobo, izitokhwe, isalathiso sesitokhwe, iibhondi, njl. Bayaziswa ke xa isigqibo sithathiwe sokujolisa kwicandelo elithile lezentengiso, ezinje ngetekhnoloji, amayeza, njl. Yintoni egqithisile, setha ixabiso usebenzisa iBenchmark esihlala sihambelana nesalathiso esithile sesitokhwe. Intsebenzo enxulumene noko yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini, kuxhomekeke kulawulo:
- Ulawulo olusebenzayo: Iimali zoTyalo-mali ngokwesiko ezixabisa i-2% yekhomishini yento etyalwayo.
- Ulawulo olungacacanga: Iimali zesalathiso eziphinda-phinda isalathiso kwaye iindleko zazo zijikeleze iipesenti ezi-1 zotyalo-mali kunye neNgxowa-mali yokuThengiswa okuThengisiweyo (i-ETF), ekwasebenzisa ubuchule botyalo-mali obuphambili kunye neendleko zayo ziipesenti ezi-0,5 zotyalo-mali.
Ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo
Ngokubanzi, isivuno esipheleleyo silawulwa ngabarhwebi. Kwezi meko, abatyali zimali abazi ngqo ukuba baceba ukutyala imali phi. Yintoni egqithisile, Iindlela zotyalo-mali abazisebenzisayo zihlala ziqikelela, oko kwandisa umngcipheko. Kwezi meko kukho ezi mali zilandelayo:
- INgxowa-mali yeHedge okanye yeHedge Fund: Ziyimali yamaziko anjengemihlaba emikhulu okanye ezinye iimali zotyalo-mali. Iikhomishini ziphezulu kwaye umngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu, kuba banokungena ematyaleni ukuze benze utyalo-mali olunomngcipheko omkhulu, njengezikhundla ezimfutshane.
- Enye imali yolawulo: Banokubuya okuphezulu, kodwa umngcipheko nawo uphezulu.
Yeyiphi eyona ngxowa mali yotyalo mali?
Kunzima kakhulu ukutsho ukuba yeyiphi eyona mali ingcono, kuba iyakuxhomekeka kwimeko yomntu ngamnye. Ke ngoko, kukho inani elikhulu leentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Banokuhlelwa ngokomngcipheko wabo, ubizo lotyalo-mali, indawo yejografi okanye uhlobo lwembuyekezo. Nangona kunjalo, ethandwa kakhulu yenye yobizo lotyalo mali. Kolu luhlu ezi ntlobo zigqamile:
- Ingxowa mali yotyalo mali esisigxina
- Ingxowa mali yotyalo mali
- Ingxowa mali yotyalo mali
- Utyalomali oluxubileyo
- Iimali zeemali
- Iimali eziqinisekisiweyo
- IiNgxowa-mali zeHedge (i-hedge fund okanye enye imali yolawulo)
- Iimali zesalathiso okanye iimali zesalathiso
- Ingxowa mali yotyalo mali
Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku likuncedile ukuba uqonde ukuba zeziphi iimali ezihlangeneyo. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwabo bangayiqondi kakuhle imarike okanye abangenalo ixesha lokuqhubeka, kodwa abafuna ukubeka imali yabo emsebenzini.