Kule mihla sibona ukuba enye yezona mveliso zezezimali zisakhulayo zibizwa njani njengexabiso lemali yotyalo-mali. Kodwa ngaba siyazi ngokwenene ukuba le ntsingiselo intsha yotyalomali ithetha ntoni? Ngenxa yokuba, ixabiso lexesha le-Anglo-Saxon liye lahlanganiswa ngamandla amakhulu kwicandelo lezemali kwaye mhlawumbi lingasayi kuphinda libuye kwakhona. Ngayiphi na imeko, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni kwaye unakho Thatha ithuba lo mkhwa. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, kuba inokukunceda ukwandisa utyalomali ukusukela ngoku.
Ukuba ulandela rhoqo imithombo yeendaba zonxibelelwano ezikhethekileyo uya kufumanisa ukuba kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa ixabiso lamagama lifakiwe ulwimi lweemveliso zemali kwaye ngakumbi leyo yotyalo mali. Iimodeli ezininzi ziye zavela kwiinyanga nje ezidlulileyo ezigcina olu phawu, olubandakanyiweyo kwixabiso. Uninzi lwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi bayazi ngakumbi ukuba bamele ntoni namhlanje.
Ewe, ixabiso lotyalo-mali lihlelwe ngamaqela aphantsi kokuchazwa kakuhle kotyalo-mali kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ubazi ngalo mzuzu kanye. Okokuqala, kuya kuthetha ithuba elitsha oya kuba nalo ukwenza ulondolozo lube nenzuzo. Ngaphaya kokunye ukuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha kude kube ikwindawo yokujonga esisiseko. Apho unokukhetha khona ezi modeli zotyalo-mali ngaphezulu kwezinye iimali zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo: eguquguqukayo, esisigxina, imali, umvuzo oxubeneyo okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lwengoma. Le yenye yezinto ezintsha ezinikezelwa ziimarike zotyalo-mali.
Ixabiso leemali zotyalo mali: zithini?
Olu didi lweemveliso ezizezona zikhethekileyo lolunye uhlobo lotyalo-mali olubonakaliswa ngabaphathi balo abenza utyalo-mali kwiinkampani ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko neziyimfuneko kwaye ayiyiyo enye ngaphandle kwezo zithathwa kwimigaqo yexabiso lotyalo-mali. Ngamanye amagama, into ngokwesiko ibizwa ngokuba kukutyala imali kwixabiso. Ithetha ukuthini le nto? Ewe, into elula ekuboneni kuqala njengaleyo inokwenza ifayile ye ngeniso e phezulu elifutshane, eliphakathi okanye elide. Umahluko onengqiqo ngokubhekisele kwezinye iimodeli zolawulo.
Ngayiphi na imeko, ezi nkampani kufuneka zihlangabezane noluhlu lweemfuno ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo njengexabiso, kwaye apho ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo zezi sizibhengeza ngezantsi:
- Imeko yokuqala ekufuneka bebonelele ngayo kukuba ziinkampani ngoncedo lokhuphiswano Ingcaciso leyo ibenza babonakale ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto zobugcisa.
- Ukuba kukho into eyahlulahlula iklasi yeenkampani kungenxa yokuba zidweliswe ngezantsi kwexabiso lazo kwaye ngenxa yale meko kwiimarike kunokuthiwa zitshiphu. Ngamanye amagama, banokubanakho ukuphinda bavavanye ngaphezulu kunabanye. Ngale ndlela, uya kuhlala ukwimeko yokuvelisa inzuzo ephezulu kunezo zimiselwe kolunye ukhuseleko kwiimarike zezabelo.
Ngamaqela anobungcali kakhulu
Olunye uluvo olunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo neenkampani zexabiso kukuba kufuneka zisoloko zibonelela ngeqela eligqibeleleyo lolawulo. Njengoko sele ubonile, enye yeendlela zokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya kukuba inkampani ilawulwa kakuhle kwicala layo. Ngale ndlela, kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwabo bane iingcali ezigqwesileyo unokuziphatha okuhle ngakumbi kwiimarike ze-equity. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba le nto inokuba sisihluzo esinamandla kunye nesisebenzayo ukuze uphuhlise utyalomali lwakho ukusukela ngoku. Ayothusi into yokuba ayizizo zonke iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo ezifanayo ngokubhekisele kulo mba.
Kwelinye icala, awungekhe ulibale ukuba ukutyala imali kwixabiso, okanye into efanayo ngexabiso, inokuba liqabane lakho lokwenyani lokuhlalutya ukuba yintoni eyakubumba iphothifoliyo yakho elandelayo yotyalo-mali. Hayi ngelize, uya kugweba uthotho lwezindululo zeemarike zesitokhwe ezingafezekisi olu lindelo nangayiphi na indlela. Njengotyalo-mali kolu hlobo lwengxowa-mali, uya kucetyiswa ngabaqeqeshi botyalo-mali abazinikeleyo ekulandeleni le njongo ifunwa ngabo bonke abameli bezemali. Ungakulibali oko fumana ixabiso Enye yezona njongo zibalulekileyo kuwo nawuphi na umlamli wezezimali.
Ifashoni yeemali zexabiso
Yinto eyandayo kwaye sele baninzi abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abafuna eli klasi lotyalo mali luphawu olunje. Nangona kunjalo, okunye ukugxeka kuvela kumanqanaba athile olawulo aya kwenza ukuba wonke umntu acinge ukuba angabhalisela okanye angabhalisi kuwo. Umzekelo, ukugxekwa kuthathwe kwinto yokuba ixabiso kunye namandla otyalo-mali kwiinkampani ezincinci ezidwelisiweyo zinakho kubangela iingxaki zokuhlawula amatyala. Esi sisiganeko sokuqala onokufumana ukusukela ngoku. Ukuzibuza ukuba ingaba ukulungele na ukwenziwa ngokusesikweni kolu hlobo lweemali zotyalo-mali ezizodwa kwaye kwangaxeshanye zingaqhelekanga.
Kwelinye icala, enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele ukusukela ngoku kukuba abatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokuqonda olo lawulo inani Unethuba lokuhlala ixesha elinconywayo. Ngokufanelekileyo, phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko ingaphezulu kwale iboniswe zezinye iingxowa mali zesintu okanye eziqhelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, inokusebenza njengesixhobo esisebenzayo sokuqhuba ulawulo olululo lweepotifoliyo kunye nethemba lokufezekisa intsebenzo entle kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kwimeko apho kusebenza ngokukhawuleza okanye ixesha elifutshane.
Izinto ezihlalutyiweyo
Ukufumanisa eli xabiso kuyimfuneko ukuba ucacise uthotho lwezinto eziphethe abahlalutyi bezemali. Umzekelo, ezo zithathwe kwiimpawu zokuba umphathi ngamnye ugcina okanye usebenza kwinto ekuyiyo ingqikelelo yexabiso kwaye imele ntoni. Kubaluleke kakhulu kule ngqiqo ukuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwamathuba kwintengiso. Ngokukodwa kwimiboniso emikhulu ukungazinzi okanye ukungazinzi kwiimarike zezabelo. Kungenxa yokuba, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, banokumela amathuba oshishino lokwenyani nangaliphi na ixesha. Ngophononongo oluqhubekayo nolwanelisayo kunakwesinye isindululo semarike yemasheya.
Kwelinye icala, ixabiso lotyalo mali liba nenzuzo enkulu xa lijolise kwixesha elide kwaye liyimali yexabiso lokulingana. Ngobume obunokwahluka kakhulu kuba bunokwenziwa kokukhulu Ixabiso le-Ibex 35 kwaye kugxilwe kutyalo-mali kwiinkampani ezincinci okanye eziphakathi zokwenza imali, ikakhulu kwiNtengiso eqhubekayo yaseSpain. Kodwa nakwezinye ii-indices zesitokhwe ukusuka naphi na emhlabeni ukwahlula iphothifoliyo yotyalo-mali ngendlela elula nefanelekileyo.
Zijonge ntoni iimali zexabiso?
Lo ngumbuzo abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abazibuza wona rhoqo kwaye ufuna ukucaciswa ukuze baphuhlise utyalomali lwabo ngokuchanekileyo ukusukela ngoku. Ewe, ngaphezulu kwako konke ukufikelela kumashishini aqondakalayo, anethemba elifanelekileyo, ngakumbi kunye namatyala aphantsi kwaye, ikakhulu kwaye kubaluleke ngakumbi kubasebenzisi, ukuba baphathe ixabiso lokuthenga elinokhuphiswano kakhulu. Ukuze kwixesha elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi kwexesha elinokubakho linokuba yinzuzo kwaye lifumane inzuzo ecacileyo kwingxelo yengeniso.
Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, inxenye elungileyo yale mali yotyalo mali ibonakalise amandla abo okuvelisa okugqwesileyo Inzuzo yexesha elide kwimarike yezemali. Ingakumbi imali yotyalo-mali edityaniswe kwimarike yemasheya kwaye ngakumbi iSpanish. Ngemida yokulamla ephezulu kunezo zinikezelwa zezinye iifomati zolu didi lweemveliso zotyalo-mali. Into ekufuneka ixabiswe ngaphezulu kwezinye iintlobo zokuqwalaselwa kobuchwephesha.
Uninzi lweemodeli ezinenzuzo
Enye yeemali zotyalo-mali ebonakalisa ukusebenza okungcono kunenye leyo ityale imali Izabelo zeSpanish nePortugal. Ukubala kukhuseleko ngeendlela ezintle zokuhlaziya kwiinyanga ezizayo, ezinje, umzekelo, iinkampani ezinjengeNaturgy (iGesi yeNdalo), iRepsol kunye neMidlalo yeMidlalo yeNokia. Yenye yeendlela ezinokuthi zikhethwe ngabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi ukuba bafuna ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpawu ezizodwa zoko kubizwa ngokuba lixabiso lotyalo mali.
Kwelinye icala, ikwaqwalasele into yokuba le mveliso yemali yenziwe njengeyona ndlela yotyalo-mali enika ezona ziphumo zexesha elide. Kwaye kule ngqiqo kufuneka uziqonde, kodwa ubonise ukuba lutyalo-mali olunemingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwaye ngenxa yoko kufuneka uwavavanye ukusukela kumzuzu wokuqeshwa kwabo. Kule meko ngokubanzi, zisekwe ekufumaneni iiasethi ngexabiso elisezantsi kakhulu kwexabiso langaphakathi. Ayothusi into yokuba le yenye yezona zinto zingundoqo apho zisebenza khona kwaye ngenxa yoko kuya kufuneka uthathe iindlela zokwenza ukonga kunenzuzo ngalo naliphi na ixesha kunye nemeko. Oku kungaphaya okanye kungaphantsi kokuchazwa ziimali zotyalo mali ezaziwa njengexabiso.