Sithetha ntoni xa sisebenzisa isichazi se-OPA?
La I-OPA yibhidi yokuthatha kwakhona. Luhlobo lwendlela yokurhweba apho inkampani enye ilawula enye inkampani edla ngokuba ncinane kuneyokuqala. Oku kwaziwa ngokubanzi njengokuthatha inkampani kwaye oko kwenzeka rhoqo kwimarike.
Liquka ntoni?
Ilula kakhulu, kukuba inkampani (ihlala iyinkampani enkulu okanye enamandla ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho) ifuna ukuthenga izabelo kwiinkampani ezincinci ngexabiso eliphakame kancinci kunaleli lentengiso. Ngaba Inkampani ibizwa ngokuba yi "opante" inkampani kwaye ngokwesiqhelo olu hlobo lwe Ukusebenza kunenzuzo kakhulu kubantu abanokukhetha kwinkampani efunxa inkampani encinci, kuba eyona nkampani inkulu ihlawula imali ephezulu kunakwimakethi yezabelo zale nkampani.
Yintoni i-OPA: uhlalutyo olunzulu ngakumbi
Njengoko besesitshilo, i-OPA ihlala iyinkampani ejonge ukulawula enye inkampani encinci okanye enegunya lokuthenga elincinci.
Iinkampani ze-opaque zinokufikelela njani kwiinjongo zazo
Enye yeendlela (kunye neyona ixhaphakileyo) yile ukufumana zonke izabelo zenkampani encinci, eyenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye yokuqala.
Okwesibini kukuqhubekeka uthenge iphakheji enkulu yesitokhwe ekunika ulawulo lwenkampani ngaphandle kokuthenga yonke.
Ngaba inkampani encinci inokumilisela ibhidi yokuthabatha ngaphezulu kwenye enkulu?
Ngokwenza oko, inkampani encinci kakhulu ayinakuze yenze ibhidi yokuthabatha inkampani enkulu kunayo. Isizathu silula, inkampani ebekwe kakuhle sele inamaxabiso aphezulu ezabelo, ke ayizukunceda nganto inkampani encinci ukubonelela ukuthenga izabelo ngexabiso eliphezulu nangakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, xa inkampani inkulu, kusengqiqweni ukuba ibonelele ngesixa esikhulu semali kunokuba ezo zabelo zithengiswa kwintengiso kwinkampani esezantsi.
Sesiphi isizathu sokuba iinkampani ze-opaque zihlawule imali ephezulu
Kwimeko apho inkampani enkulu ithathe isigqibo sokuthenga izabelo zenkampani encinci kancinci kancinci, inkampani ethengayo iyakuphela ihlawula amaxabiso ahlukeneyo kwizabelo, kuba ziyatshintsha ngenxa yexabiso lemihla ngemihla, elinokubenza bahlawule ngaphezulu olunye usuku, kunye nolunye usuku ngaphantsi.
Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe yinkampani enkulu
Kwimeko apho inkampani enkulu ifuna ukubamba iinkampani ezincinci, into yokuqala ekufuneka isungule ibhidi yokuthatha kwaye oku kuvunyiwe yi-CNMV, abanini zabelo beenkampani ezincinci banokuthatha isigqibo sokuba bazithengise okanye bangazithengisi izabelo ngexabiso elinikiweyo. kubo.yatsho inkampani. Nje ukuba intengiso iphumelele, inkampani enkulu ithatha izabelo zenkampani encinci kwaye iyilawule.
Kwimeko apho baninzi iinkampani zithenga izabelo zeenkampani ezincinci kodwa zingazifaki, Endaweni yokuba bayeke inkampani iqhubeke nokusebenza njengoko ibisoloko isenza; Nangona kunjalo, inkampani entsha inolawulo olupheleleyo lwayo nkampani.
Iindidi zokuqwalaselwa
Iinkqubo ze-OPA azisoloko zihlawulwa ngekheshi. Kukho ezinye iinkampani ezisungula i-Opa kwiinkampani ezincinci kodwa endaweni yokuzihlawula ngemali, into eziyinikayo yipesenti yezabelo zeyona nkampani inkulu (ngokucacileyo ziya kuhlala zincinci kuba zibiza kakhulu). Ukongeza, inkampani encinci ihlala isebenza kodwa iphantsi kolawulo olukhulu.
Zeziphi iintlobo zezibonelelo ezikhoyo
Ukususela ngo-1991, eziliqela Iindidi zokuqwalaselwa kweebhendi zokuthabatha.
Kwiimeko ezininzi ze-OPA, eyona ntlawulo ixhaphakileyo yenziwe ngemali kwaye yeyona nto yamkelwe ziinkampani ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kuye kwamkelwa kukhuseleko olukhutshiweyo okanye ukhuseleko olusalinde ukukhutshwa.
Zithini izibonelelo ze-OPA
Akuthandabuzeki I-OPA luhlobo olunenzuzo lweshishini kubanini zabelo kwiinkampani kunye nabalawuli benkampani.
I-OPA ivumela iinkampani ukuba zande kwaye ikomkhulu lenkampani lihlukane, oko kuthetha ukuba kwimeko yeengxaki kwinkampani umngcipheko wohlulwe. Ukongeza, kwiinkampani ezincinci ligalelo elikhulu nokuba inkampani iya kuqhubeka nokusebenza okanye ukuba izakufunxwa, kuba iphumelele kunjalo.
Kwelinye icala, ibhidi yokuthabatha ivumela iinkampani ukuba zande, ukwahluka kweengqukuva zayo okanye ukudityaniswa kwamaqela ezemali. Kwelinye icala, ubukho bale ndlela ikwanenzuzo kubanini zabelo.
Abalawuli kunye nabanini zabelo kwinkampani bahlala bengabantu abahlukeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba abaphathi bazame ukugcina inkampani kwaye ngakumbi i-accounting yayo iphakame kakhulu kwaye ilungile, kuba xa kuthe kwakho ibhidi yokuthatha, abanini zabelo banokuphendula ngokuqinisekileyo kuyo kwaye banike ezinye izabelo zenkampani kwezinye izandla. Injongo kukugcina abatyali mali bangoku benyanisekile kwinkampani.
Zeziphi iingxaki?
I-OPA ineengxaki ezithile, ihlala ijolise kubanini zabelo kwaye inokubangela iingxaki kwizicwangciso zeenkampani okanye ezinye iiprojekthi abanokuba nazo.
Kuba xa uthenga inkampani encinci ngebhidi yokuthatha, uhlawula ngaphezulu
I-OPA ayilulo uhlobo lomsebenzi olunokwenziwa njengayo nayiphi na intshukumo eyenziwayo kwintengiso. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba kutheni kungenjalo, kukuba kule meko, Injongo yenkqubo ayikokutyala imali okanye ukuxhasa ngemali inkampani, kodwa kukuyilawula nangona iqhubeka isebenza ngokungathi ibiyinkampani yangaphambili.
Izabelo zenkampani azithengiswa ngexabiso lentengiso, ke imali edlalwa ngayo iphezulu kakhulu. Kwimali enokuthengiswa kwimarike ngosuku oluqhelekileyo.
Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni umthetho unika unyango olukhethekileyo kolu hlobo lwesenzo kukuthatha ulawulo kwenye inkampani Ifuna ukuba inkampani ithi inezixhobo ezisemthethweni zokuthengwa kweemarike okwangoku ezingabonisiyo. Uninzi lweenkqubo kufuneka zixhaswe ngumthetho.
Kwimeko apho inkampani ifuna ukuthenga iphakheji enkulu kakhulu yezabelo kwinkampani encinci, into ekufuneka iyenzile kukuthelekisa ixabiso lezabelo imihla ngemihla. Ngale ndlela unokubona ukuba yeyiphi ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwenkampani kwaye ukwazi ukubona ukuba yeyiphi eyona mfuno yenkampani kwaye ke ixabiso lezabelo ezichaziweyo.
Le yinkqubo edinisayo kwinkampani efuna ukuthenga izabelo zenkampani engaphantsi kwaye ukongeza, kuya kufuneka icwangcise iqhinga ngqikelelo olukhulu malunga neendleko zomsebenzi zizakuba kukuthenga ezo zabelo. Oku kungakhokelela kwinkampani ofuna ukuyithenga ukuze iphelelwe yimali yokwenza intlawulo ukuze ikwazi ukuthenga iphakheji yesabelo ebendiyifuna kwasekuqaleni.
Kwimeko yokwenza i ukuthengiselana okungathathiZonke iinkampani ezifuna ukudityaniswa okanye ezijonge ukwandisa zisebenzisa amathuba okuthenga kuphela inkampani okanye ukungabinakho ukuthatha manyathelo ngenxa yotshintsho olwenzeka kwintengiso.
Kuza kube nini iinkampani ezifumana i-OPAS kufuneka ziyeke okanye zamkele isithembiso
Eli xesha malingabi ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezili-15 kwaye kufuneka libe nexesha elingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-60. Umyalelo wokwamkelwa unokurhoxiswa ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela wokwamkelwa kwesithembiso.
Kwimeko apho inkampani ifumana ii-OPAs ezininzi; Inkampani ithi ingabamkela bonke, okoko nje ibonisa ukulandelelana kokukhetha okufanayo kunye nokuba izibhengezo zazisiwe kubo bonke abakhuphisana nabo.
Ukuthengwa okunyanzelekileyo kwe-OPA
Kukho ezinye ukuthengwa okunyanzelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-Opa ikhutshelwe iinkampani. Oku kwenzeka xa umnikelo usungulwe kwi-100% yenkampani, kodwa yi-90% kuphela yabatyali mali abayamkeleyo. Ukuba isithembiso samkelwe ngaphantsi kwe-90%, oko kungakhokelela kulilize okanye ukuhla kwesithembiso.
Kwimeko apho i-90% sele ithengisiwe, inkampani ethengayo inokufuna ukuba abatyali mali abaseleyo bazithengise izabelo kwixabiso lokuqala lokuthatha. Kwimeko apho iindleko ezongezelelekileyo zivelisiweyo ngenxa yokungafuni ukuthengisa ngexesha, umtyali mali uya kuba nguye ekufuneka ehlawule iindleko.
Ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwi-OPAS
Kwimeko apho umtyali-mali ethatha isigqibo sokugcina izabelo zakhe, kufuneka azi ukuba inokumzisela iingxaki ezinkulu zokuhlawula amatyala kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, phantse kungabikho lwazi kwinkampani nakulawulo lwayo.