Nokuba kutyalo-mali, kwimali mboleko, okanye kwezemali; kulwazi olunxulumene nalo naluphi na uhlobo lweemveliso, okanye xa sizama ukufikelela kuzo ngokuqesha, idatha esisiseko kunye namagama abizwa ngokuba yi-TIN kuya kufuneka aphathwe.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ngaba imali-mboleko iceliwe iya kuba ngumyinge wayo wenzala. Ngamaxesha amaninzi nangona kunjalo inokudideka.
Kukho iikhonsepthi ezinxulumene nomxholo ocacileyo, le siyikhankanyileyo sayiphatha ngokukodwa kweli nqaku, i-TIN (Ixabiso lenzala), i-APR (ireyithi yokulingana ngonyaka), phakathi kwabanye.
Masibone ukuba yintoni i-TIN, icacisa kwaye ingena kwimiba enxulumene nolu hlobo lwenqanaba lenzala.
Umgangatho wenzala
Ngokusisiseko inqanaba lenzala Iya kuba lixabiso eliyakuba nemali ngexesha elinikiweyo kwimakethi yezemali, oku kutyalo-mali okanye ityala.
Ngamanye amagama, ireyithi yenzala, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumyinge wenzala, iya kuba yintlawulo eza kwenziwa ngulowo unetyala kulowo ubolekayo ngaphezulu kwemali efunyenwe kwiyunithi yexesha elinikiweyo, ngenxa yokusebenzisa imali ngelo xesha.
Kanye njengokuba into elungileyo okanye inkonzo iza kuba nexabiso ekufuneka lihlawulwe ukuze ifunyanwe, imali iya kusebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kuba nexabiso elithile, eliza kulinganiswa njengepesenti yenqununu, kwaye ibonakaliswe ngokubanzi ngokwemigaqo yonyaka nepesenti.
Ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa kwihlabathi lezemali "ixabiso lemali."
Inzala izakuthatha indawo yomnini-mali, loo nzuzo ebeyifumana kolunye uhlobo lotyalo-mali, kwaye angakhange ayiphumelele ngokuboleka okanye ukutyala imali kolunye uthethathethwano.
Umyinge wenzala unokuba namaxesha athile, nto leyo eyakuba sisiqhelo apho inzala iya kuhlawulwa khona njengoko besicebisile. Ukuba ibakho qho ngonyaka: iya kuhlawulwa kube kanye ngonyaka. Semiannual: Ukuhlaliswa kwabantu kabini ngonyaka; kwaye ngale ndlela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, iqondo lenzala eliboniswa njengepesenti liya kubonisa ibhalansi phakathi komngcipheko kunye nenzuzo yokusebenzisa isixa semali kwimeko ethile kunye nexesha.
Kunjengokuba sitshilo ngengqondo "ixabiso lemali", ekufuneka lihlawulwe okanye lihlawuliswe ngokubolekwa okanye ukubolekwa.
Umyinge wenzala uya kuxhomekeka "kumthetho wonikezelo kunye nebango". Ngamanye amagama, intengiso iya kuyibeka. Ke ngoko, isantya esisezantsi senzala, kokukhona liya likhula ibango lezixhobo zemali, kwaye ukuba liphezulu, linciphise ibango lezi zibonelelo.
Ixabiso lenzala (TIN) Yintoni leyo?
Umyinge wenzala (TIN) yipesenti eya kongezwa kwinkunzi ehanjiswa njengembuyekezo ngexesha elithile.
I-TIN ayizukuthathela ingqalelo ezinye iintlobo zeendleko zokusebenza ezinje: amaxwebhu abhaliweyo, iikhomishini okanye amakhonkco anokuthi imveliso ibandakanye, njl. Iya kuba kwithiyori, ipesenteji eza kufunyanwa yibhanki okanye inkampani yezemali ekuthethwa ngayo.
Yinzuzo efunyanwa ekusebenzeni kwemali, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela inkunzi eyintloko, oko kukuthi, kwenziwa imali ngendlela elula.
Kukho imali elula ngoba inzala ebizelwe imveliso ayizukuphinda ibuyiswe. Akunjalo kwimali eyinkunzi apho inzala iphinde yafunyanwa kwakhona
Kwinzala yomdibaniso, umzekelo, ukuba inyanga yokuqala i-100 yenzala ifunyenwe, iphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuyiswe, apho inzala iya ngqo kwiakhawunti.
Ukuba sine-TIN yonyaka, ngokwahlulahlula ngokwenani leentlawulo, siya kuyazi ukuba yeyiphi inzala esiza kuyibiza kwixesha ngalinye.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba xa usebenza ngenqanaba lomdla, "ixesha lexesha" kufuneka liqwalaselwe ngendlela ekhethekileyo.
I-TIN ayinalo ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokujonga; Isenokuba ngumzekelo, yonke imihla, ngeveki, ngekota, ngekota, ngonyaka. Ngenxa yokuba ingabandakanyi inkcitho, yenza ukuba kube nzima ukuphuhlisa ukuthelekiswa okufanelekileyo kwemveliso yendalo efanayo.
Ngenxa yoku, i-APR (iRhafu yokuLingana yoNyaka) ivela, eyenza lula le ngxaki ngokuthatha unyaka njengesiseko kunye nokuvumela ukwenza ukuthelekiswa kweemveliso ezifanayo. Emva kwexesha kulo mbhalo, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwawo ngokungagungqiyo, siza kubona umohluko phakathi kweTAE neTIN.
Umyinge weNzala yeNzala uza kuba unika ingxelo ngokwegama elipheleleyo, owona ke umahluko ophambili kwi-APR. Ezi zikhombisi zimbini ziya kuvunyelwana ngokuzimeleyo liziko ngalinye, kwaye ixabiso lazo liya kudityaniswa ngokulinganayo kumjikelo wezoqoqosho kunye nezalathi zomgangatho njenge-Euribor okanye iLibor.
Uyazi njani nge-TIN ukuba ingakanani inzala eya kuhlawulwa?
Ngokuphindaphinda imali eyinkunzi yi-TIN enikezelwa liziko lezemali, kunokwenzeka ukuba wazi ukuba ingakanani inzala eya kuthi igqityiwe ukuhlawulwa. Ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ubone ukuba ujongene nemali mboleko enexabiso eliphantsi okanye elibizayo.
Umzekelo: Imali mboleko ye- € 2.000 iya kucelwa unyaka omnye apho i-TIN yonyaka iyi-8.5%.
Kule meko, kuya kubakho i- € 170 kwimidla enxulumene ne-TIN.
Umahluko we-TIN
I-TIN iyakwazi ukwahluka ukusuka ebhankini ukuya ebhankini, kodwa isenokwahluka ngokuhambelana nohlobo lwemali mboleko, efanayo kwimeko nganye.
Iziko ngalinye kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, lithatha ubuchule malunga noku ngelixa likwimida esemthethweni apho lisebenza khona.
Elinye iziko linokuhlawulisa ngaphezulu komnye umntu kunenye kwimboleko yemeko efanayo. Kungenzeka ukuba enye yazo ibenamathuba amaninzi okungahlawuli avela kwizinto ezithile ezinje: umvuzo ophantsi, ukwanda kwamatyala, ukungabikho kwesibambiso, njl.
Njengoko sele sichazile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nomyinge wenzala ngegama kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo. Isenokuba ngonyaka, ngenyanga, okanye ngenye indlela. Xa ukhetha imali mboleko, kuya kufuneka unike ingqalelo le nto.
Ngemali mboleko ye-euro eyi-1.000 6, ukuba unayo i-TIN yonyaka ye-60%, kuya kufuneka uhlawule i-euro ezingama-6 ngenzala. Kodwa ukuba i-TIN yayihlala yonke imihla, ikwa-21.900% efanayo, yayiya kuthi ekugqibeleni ihlawule i-euro ezingama-XNUMX.
Ngokuqinisekileyo ngumzekelo obaxiweyo, kodwa ubonakalisa indlela umahluko onokubaluleka ngayo xa ifomathi ye-TIN itshintsha.
Kumazwe afana neSpain kukho imigaqo engqongqo malunga noku, kodwa kwezinye izizwe ziyaguquguquka kwaye ingqalelo iya kufuneka ihlawulwe.
I-TIN kunye ne-APR - Umahluko
Masiwachaze omabini la magama ngokuhambelana ukuze sikwazi ukwahlula ngokulula.
- I-TIN (Ixabiso lenzala) Ayizukubandakanya inkcitho yezemali, iikhomishini njl.njl. Iya kuhambelana ne-APR kuphela xa inzala ihlawulwa ekugqibeleni kunye nexesha elifanayo.
Iimveliso zendalo efanayo zingenakwenzeka ukuthelekisa.
- I-APR (iRhafu yokuLingana yoNyaka): Umlinganiso wesalathiso uya kuba ngunyaka. Yenza kube lula ukuthelekisa iimveliso zohlobo olufanayo.
Ngokwahlukileyo kuwo omabini la magama, sinokugqiba kwaye songeze ezinye izimvo, masikhe sichaze ezinye.
- Xa sithetha nge-TIN sibhekisa kwinqanaba lenzala, apho ezinye iindleko kunye neekhomishini ezinokuthi zihambelane nemali mboleko azithathelwa ngqalelo. Ezi ndleko ziya kubandakanywa kwiindleko ezifanelekileyo zemali mboleko, iAPR yakho.
- I-TIN sisalathiso esinokwazisa, kodwa oko akusayi kusebenza ngale ndlela ngendlela egqithisileyo kumthengi. Idatha ibandakanyiwe kwi-APR; njenge: ixesha elibekiweyo, iikhomishini, njl. Banokuthi babonelele ngombono ocacileyo wokuba ingakanani imali ezakuthi ibenegalelo okanye ukuba ingakanani imali mboleko ezakuxabisa.
- Kwimali mboleko yomntu, umahluko xa uthathela ingqalelo ipesenti phakathi kwe-TIN kunye ne-APR, uhlala umkhulu kunemali mboleko mboleko.
- Ukwazi nje i-TIN, ngekhe ube nakho ukwazi ukuba ingakanani imali mboleko eza kuba neendleko. Ayizukuthathela ingqalelo iikhomishini, okanye ezinye iindleko ekufuneka umsebenzisi azihlawule.
- Nge-TIN efanayo, inani lomdla liya kwahluka ukuba iintlawulo ziqhubeka ngenyanga, xa kuthelekiswa nentlawulo enye yonyaka umzekelo.
Singagqiba ngale ndlela ukuba i-TIN inokuba sisalathiso esinolwazi kodwa esilinganiselweyo.
I-APR (umlinganiso woNyaka oLinganayo), yidatha enenjongo yokuhlalutya ukuthelekisa indleko yemali-mboleko, kuba iyakulinganisa iindleko zayo ezifanelekileyo kwithuba elithile ngonyaka, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iikhomishini kunye nenkcitho umthengi Ubuninzi beentlawulo.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zamazinga enzala. Izinto ezininzi eziphambili zoqoqosho ziya kulungisa umohluko phakathi kwabo. Senze ireferensi ekhethekileyo kweli nqaku kwi-TIN.
Kwimeko yokuqala, ezi zinto zixabisekileyo kwezobuchwephesha zinokubonakala ngathi azibalulekanga okanye zibalulekile, kwaye kuyinyani ukuba kumaxesha amaninzi amaziko athile ezemali afumene ithuba lokungazi koluntu malunga noku.
Kuya kufuneka yaziwe ukuba ukuze babe ngabathengi okanye abatyali mali abakrelekrele, kuya kufuneka ukuqonda izinto ezisisiseko kwaye kungabi lula kangako kwiimeko ezininzi, kubhekiswa kwezi zinto.