Xa sithetha ngesicav asikhokeleli ngqo kwimodeli yotyalo-mali. Kwiimeko ezininzi ezinxulumene nabantu abane amandla aphezulu okuthenga kwaye ngubani osebenzisa ezi zixhobo zotyalo mali yenza imali ukonga kwakho ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi nangothotho lwezibonelelo zomdla wakho. Kungenxa yokuba, oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-sicav asiyomveliso kuye nawuphi na ummi, njengoko uza kubona ukusukela ngoku. Yiyo loo nto impikiswano ngezi modeli kuba bengakonwabeli ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa.
Kodwa lixesha lokuba uyazi ukuba yintoni i-sicav. Ewe, olu luhlobo olusisiseko lweZiko loTyalo-mali oluHlanganisiweyo lwendibaniselwano, ezinjongo zayo ikukunyusa ingxowa-mali, iiasethi okanye amalungelo oluntu okulawula kunye batyale impahla, amalungelo, ukhuseleko okanye ezinye izixhobo, ezemali okanye akunjalo. Iyahambelana nesifinyezo seeNkampani eziTshintshayo zoTyalo-mali.
Nangona kunjalo, impikiswano yokuba ezi mveliso zivelise imali ngenxa yokurhafiswa kwabo. Okanye ukuyibeka ngokuqonda okungcono ngenxa yerhafu yayo ephantsi. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, icandelo elilungileyo labasebenzisi liyazibuza ukuba ingaba ezi modeli zotyalo-mali zisemthethweni ngokwenene okanye ukuthobela imimiselo utyalomali eSpain. Ayothusi into yokuba ii-SICAVs zihlala zinxulunyaniswa noosozigidi, oosomashishini kunye nabantu abanamandla aphezulu okuthenga ngokubanzi.
Irhafu ye-sicav
Xa uthetha ngale mveliso yemali, unxibelelwano lwakho lokuqala luhlala luvela kwindawo yokujonga. Kuba, eqinisweni, imisebenzi yenziwa bahlawula yi-1% kuphela kwiRhafu yeQumrhu. Lo ngomnye umahluko ophambili ngokubhekisele kulawo enziwe ngabatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi abathi, endaweni yoko, bahlawule irhafu kwinzuzo eyinzuzo efunyenweyo. Ngaso nasiphi na isixhobo sotyalo-mali: izabelo, ukuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kwistokhwe kwimarike yemasheya okanye abanye ngokubanzi. Umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwento ekufuneka ihlawulwe phakathi kwenye okanye enye indlela yotyalo-mali.
Ukusuka kule meko, kuhlala kunqweneleka ukuba ubhalise iiNkampani eziTshintshayo zoTyalo-mali. Kodwa ke, oku kunzima kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu kuba baneemeko ezinzima kunye nezithintelo. Ke, umphumo kukuba awuyi kuba nakho ukwenza ikhontrakthi kolu didi lweemveliso ezilungiselelwe utyalo-mali. Ngayiphi na imeko, kuya kuba lula kuwe ukwazi ukuba yintoni ifayile ye- iimfuno iyakunyanzelisa kuwe ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kwezi ngxowa mali.
Iimfuneko zale mveliso yemali
- Inkampani enezi mpawu kufuneka ihambelane noluhlu lweemfuno, ezi zilandelayo:
- Olu didi lweenkampani kufuneka lwenziwe ubuncinci ikhulu lezabelo eyona nto igqibayo ekugqibeleni ukuba yi-sivac.
- Ufuna igalelo ngohlobo lwe ubuncinci bemali yokuqala ye-2.4 yezigidi ze-euro.
- Iinkcukacha ezibaluleke kakhulu kwisisombululo sayo kukuba kufuneka zibekwe esweni kwaye zilawulwe yi Ikhomishini yeSizwe yeNtengiso (CNMV).
- Utyalomali olwenziwe ngale modeli ikhethekileyo iya kuhlawuliswa Irhafu yombutho ukusuka kwi-1%.
- Nangona emva kokuba intengiselwano yenziwe yasesikweni, iya kuthi irhafiswe njengembuyekezo yenkunzi ehambisekayo phakathi kwama-21% nama-27%. Oko kukuthi, kuyafana nokuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezabelo kwimarike yemasheya kunye nezinye iimveliso zezezimali ngokubanzi.
Izinto eziluncedo zeSivac
Ukuba uza kungena kwiNkampani yoTyalo-mali eguquguqukayo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo, kuya kufuneka wazi zonke izibonelelo zale nyathelo. Ewe, zingaphezulu kunokuba unokucinga kwasekuqaleni kwaye azikhawulelwanga kwirhafu ephantsi.
- Banikezela ngerhafu eSpain leyo 1% endaweni ye-30% werhafu eqhelekileyo yeQumrhu.
- Iya kukuvumela ukuba wenze ifayile ye- ulawulo olupheleleyo lotyalo-mali kuba ngale ndlela iyafana kakhulu kwingxowa mali yotyalo mali.
- Enye yezibonelelo zayo kukuba ungarhoxa kwaye Dlulisa isixa esithile semali, ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lweekhomishini okanye ezinye iindleko kulawulo lwayo.
- Inoveli entle ngokubhekisele kwezinye iimodeli zolawulo kukuba uya kuba kwimeko yoku yandisa okanye yehlisa utyalo-mali lwakho.
Ngaba ungatyala imali kwezi nkampani?
Umbuzo oza kuzibuza ngawo okwangoku kukuba ungangena na ukutyala imali yakho ekhoyo kuyo nayiphi na kwezi nkampani. Ewe, ukuba kuyinyani ngenene ukuba kutyalo-mali lwenzuzo enkulu, awunalo olu cango luvaliweyo. Kungenxa yokuba amathuba avuliwe ukuze abatyali mali babucala njengawe bakwazi ukungena bathathe inxaxheba kwenye yezi nkampani. Njani? Ewe, kusetyenziswa indlela eyahlukileyo njengokuthenga izabelo ze-SICAV kwi Enye indlela yokuThengisa (MAB).
Yindlela yokuba ukhethe olu khetho lutsha kutyalo mali olusuka kwindlela ethozamileyo okanye ukuba ufuna njalo izithintelo ezinkulu ngenxa yesiphumo sakho. Ukukunika umbono wokuba olu tyalo mali luza kuba njani, luya kufana kakhulu nendlela oqhele ukwenza ngayo kunye ngeemali ezihlangeneyo. Akukho mahluko ngokweziphumo zotyalo mali. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba abanye abaphathi bathengise ezinye zeemali zabo phantsi kwezi meko zorhwebo. Ngemfuno kuphela yokulinda inani labathathi-nxaxheba abalikhulu ekufuneka lifikelelwe.
Ukuba le meko ayifezekiswanga, awuyi kuba nakho ukubhalisela izabelo kude kube gubungela bonke abatyali mali ezi mali zizodwa zifunekayo. Ngaphandle kolu phawu, zidweliswe njengayo nayiphi na enye ingxowa-mali, kuxhomekeke kwipotifoliyo esekwe kuyo. Ngazo zonke iintlobo zeeasethi zemali, ukusuka kwezo zisuka kwimali-mboleko ukuya kwingeniso emiselweyo. Ngaphandle kokulibala nangaliphi na ixesha enye indlela okanye ubuncinci bezinto ezingezizo ezesiko. Ngale ndlela, akukho mahluko ubonakalayo ngokubhekisele kwiingxowa-mali eziqhelekileyo zotyalo-mali. Ukuba yenye yeefomathi onokuziqesha iminyaka eliqela kwaye imeko yazo icace gca ngenxa yemfuno yayo ephezulu.
Ayenzelwanga ukuba sisityebi kuphela
Ngokwesiko, le mveliso yemali ihlala inxulunyaniswa namathamsanqa. Iqhelekile into yokuba aba bantu batyale imali yabo yokonga kunye neeasethi zabo zobuqu kwiinkampani ekuthiwa ziiNkampani zoTyalo-mali eziTshintshayo. Kodwa le meko itshintshile kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba wena okwangoku usesikhundleni sokusebenza ngolu hlobo lwezixhobo zotyalo mali. Ayilolize, nangona indawo elungileyo kwezi mveliso zilawulwa ngabantu abanamandla amakhulu okuthenga emhlabeni, abanye bayathanda Torrenova okanye iBellver Isebenza phantse kwingxowa mali. Zombini kwinto elungileyo nengalunganga. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuzinza njengeyona mveliso idumileyo onokuyifumana eSpain ukusukela ngoku.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omncinci omele ukuwuthathela ingqalelo ngokubhekisele kwiimodeli zolawulo. Kwelinye icala, kwi-sicav abatyali mali benziwe njengabanini zabelo kwinkampani uqobo. Ngenxa yeli nani lisemthethweni, banazo ilungelo lokuvota kwiintlanganiso kwaye ke negunya elifanelekileyo lokuthatha izigqibo. Into engenzekiyo ukuba ubhalisa iimali ezihlengahlengisiweyo kwezi mpawu. Kwelinye icala, kwiingxowa-mali ezifanayo kwiiNkampani eziTshintshayo zoTyalo-mali, indlela yokungena yahlukile. Oko kukuthi, ubeka inxaxheba ngokusemthethweni xa unakho, hayi xa ufuna.
Iiprofayili zomngcipheko kwezi fomathi
Iinkampani eziTshintshayo zoTyalo-mali zinokugcina iprofayili ephezulu yomngcipheko ngokuxhomekeke kubume beepotifoliyo zabo. Ngokukodwa kuba kuya kuxhomekeka ekuvezweni kwakho kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngophawu oluguquguqukayo olunokwenza i-ocular phakathi kwe-35% kunye ne-80% zephothifoliyo yotyalo mali. Ukuthintela oku, eli candelo leepotifoliyo linokuncitshiswa ngokufumana kwangaphambili ingeniso esisigxina. Ngomlinganiselo onokufikelela kwi-80% yokuvezwa. Ngale ndlela, umngcipheko uya kulungiswa ngakumbi kunakwimzekelo wangaphambili.
IiSicavs zinokuhlengahlengiswa kwiprofayili yomtyali mali ngamnye. Akukho modeli inye kwaye ingadluliselwa ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zokwenyani ezinazo aba bantu banazo. Ndiyathetha, unayo iimodeli ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza okungcono kakhulu kusapho lwakho nakwimpahla yakho yobuqu ngokufanelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, kuyafana kwenye ingxowa-mali yotyalo-mali okanye ezinye iimveliso zezemali. Ayothusi into yokuba omnye umahluko ophambili phakathi kweemodeli zombini zolawulo ulele ngokusisiseko kwirhafu yabo.
Kwelinye icala, iiNkampani zoTyalo mali eziGuqukayo zinokugcina ezinye iimodeli zotyalo-mali ezahluke ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, iibhondi ezinxulumene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ingeniso esisigxina evelayo kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwemali, kwaye nakwezinye iimeko kwiimpahla zemali ezinqabileyo ezinje ngemalimboleko okanye kwa ezo zibizwa ngokuba sisivuno esikhulu. Ngamanye amagama, uneendlela ezininzi onokuzisebenzisa ukutyala imali oyigcinileyo kwezi ntlobo zeemveliso zemali. Ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kulawulo lwakho lwemihla ngemihla.