Wazi ntoni ngembali yezoqoqosho? Usenokuba uqhelene ne-mercantilism, ukukhusela, kodwa kuthekani ngorhwebo lwasimahla? Ikwayinxalenye yezoqoqosho, yaye nangona simele sibuyele emva kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, inyaniso ikukuba bambi basenokucinga ukuba isaqhubeka nanamhlanje.
Kodwa yintoni urhwebo lwasimahla? Luphawu olunjani? Yahluke njani ekukhuseleni? Ngaba ilungile okanye imbi? Yonke le nto sifuna ukuyixoxa nawe.
Yintoni urhwebo lwasimahla
Urhwebo lwasimahla, olukwabizwa ngokuba lurhwebo olukhululekileyo, luyinto eneneni kuqoqosho. Injongo yayikuku (kwaye ku) ukukhuthaza utshintshiselwano lwezorhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi. Ukwenza oku, ikhuthaza ukuphelisa imiqobo enokubakho kwizithethe ukuze kungabikho ngxaki xa kuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle okanye xa kuthengwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokucacileyo, amazwe azuza kakhulu ngawo afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle, ekubeni ngale ndlela banokuvelisa izixa ezikhulu zeemveliso ezingayi kuba nangxaki yokungena kwamanye amazwe.
I-RAE ngokwayo (iRoyal Spanish Academy) ichaza urhwebo lwamahhala "njengomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho osusa imiqobo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe". Ibe koko ikwenzayo, ekubeni kungekho miqobo yesithethe, amazwe afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle anokukwenza oko ngaphandle kokunyamezela ukuhla kokuthunyelwa, okanye iintlawulo zezoqoqosho; Ukongeza kokukwazi ukungenisa (oko kukuthi, ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe) oko bakufunayo ngaphandle kokuba kube yingxaki kubo.
Oku okwangoku kulawulwa zizivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe okanye phakathi kwamazwe, njl. Kodwa ngomhla wayo kwakungekho "ntle".
Imvelaphi yorhwebo lwasimahla
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kwaqala nini kwaye phi urhwebo lwasimahla, kufuneka ujonge ngasemva. Ngokukodwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. Ngelo xesha, apho i-mercantilism ilawula khona, kufuneka uzibeke eNgilani, ekubeni, ngokwemibhalo egciniweyo, kubonakala ngathi yayililizwe lokuqala elaqala ukuyisebenzisa. Enyanisweni, yaphumelela kangangokuba yanwenwela nakwamanye amazwe ebudeni benkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Urhwebo lwasimahla vs ukhuseleko
Urhwebo lwasimahla lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokhuselo. Kodwa kungekhona ngenxa yokuba zifana, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zichasene.
Ukhuseleko luphawulwa ngokwenza inkqubo yezoqoqosho kwilizwe, ukukhuthaza ishishini lalo ngaphezu kwamazwe angaphandle. Ngamanye amazwi, lizibophelele kwimveliso yelizwe phezu kwezinto ezithengwayo ngaphandle.
Ukwenza oku, ngenjongo yokumisa ezi mpahla zithunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye ukuze abathengi bangaziboni "njengethuba", ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe angaboni ukuba kunenzuzo ukuthumela iimveliso kunye / okanye iinkonzo kwelo lizwe, iirhafu, iirhafu. , iintlawulo zisekiwe. , iifizi, njl. ukwenza ukuba kubize kakhulu kumthengi ukufumana ezo mveliso kunye/okanye iinkonzo. Kodwa nakwabasemzini abathumelayo.
Oku kunenjongo ethile: ukukhuthaza ukuzimela. Oko kukuthi, ilizwe lizimele kwaye alifuni abanye ukuba baphile.
Ngokucacileyo, oku akulula ukufikelela. Kwaye nangona amazwe amaninzi eyikhuthaza imveliso yelizwe, angenisa kwaye athumele kumazwe angaphandle phantsi korhwebo lwasimahla.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kurhwebo lwasimahla
Kucacile ukuba into yokuba ilizwe lingabeki miqobo okanye libe namaxabiso, izabelo, njl. ukumisa ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ukusuka nakwamanye amazwe kuyinto elungileyo. Kodwa kubi kwakhona kwelinye icala.
Kwaye oko Le nkqubo yezoqoqosho ineenxalenye zayo ezintle nezimbi.. Phakathi kwezinto zangaphambili, akungabazeki ukuba iindlela ezizezinye zabathengi, kunye nabavelisi, bayanda ukufumana iimveliso kunye / okanye iinkonzo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo (ukwazi ukulungelelanisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno, iindleko eziphantsi, njl.).
Ngokuba namathuba amaninzi, ixabiso lingancitshiswa kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso kuyanda.
Kwakhona, Sithetha ngokuvula amazwe ukurhweba omnye komnye. Khawucinge ukuba unomzi-mveliso weebhotile. Kungenzeka ukuba sele usasaza eSpain kodwa, ngokusebenzisa urhwebo lwasimahla, unokuthengisa imveliso yakho namanye amazwe, apho kukho uphuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe lwelo shishini (kwaye ke, izibonelelo kunye nokukhula kwenkampani kukhulu) .
Ngoku, ngaba yonke into ilungile? Inyaniso kukuba akukho. Kurhwebo ngokukhululekileyo kukho ukungalungi kwezopolitiko, kwinyani yokuba, ngokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwilizwe ngenxa yokuba loo mveliso okanye inkonzo ayiphuhliswanga ngokwayo, umntu "uxhomekeke" kwinto ekuthethwa ngayo ilizwe, ibe malunga nexabiso, iimeko, njl.
Kule nto kunokongezwa ukhuphiswano. Ukuba iinkampani zelizwe sele zikhuphisana nabanye abavela kwilizwe elinye, kwaye abaninzi bavala, xa izenzo zokurhweba ngokukhululekile kunye nabathengi bavunyelwe ukufikelela kwamanye amazwe athengisa ezo mveliso okanye iinkonzo, baya kubeka ixabiso lokulinganisa kunye nomgangatho, kwaye inokuba ngunobangela wokuvalwa kwamashishini amaninzi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwengeniso (kunye namatyala okanye iindleko zokuhlala zivulekile).
Ekugqibeleni, Enye yezinto ezingeloncedo kurhwebo olukhululekileyo, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kukuxhomekeka kwilizwe. Xa ubheje ekungeniseni yonke into engaveliswanga kweli lizwe, ukuxhomekeka kukhuthazwa, ekubeni amanye amazwe ayafuneka ukuze akwazi ukuzisa ezo mveliso okanye iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ukuphumeza ezinye. Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ukuba eSpeyin akukho bhanana. Kuya kufuneka ukuba sizithumele kwamanye amazwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba endaweni yoko sivelisa iibhanana kunye nokubheja kuloo mveliso, siya kuba sizimeleyo. Nokuba ingaqhubeka nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle okanye hayi.
Ngaba urhwebo lwasimahla lulungile okanye akunjalo?
Akukho mpendulo ilula yokuwuphendula lo mbuzo, kuba, oko wavela ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, bekukho ababhali neengcali zezoqoqosho ezininzi eziye zaxoxa ngokuba yeyona nto ilungileyo kumazwe okanye akunjalo.
Kukho abo bayibona njengendlela yokuncedana phakathi kwamazwe. Ekubeni ngale ndlela uqoqosho luhamba kwaye "luqinisekisa" ubuncinci obusebenzayo bokungeniswa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaninzi bathetha ngokuxhomekeka okwenziwa kumazwe angakukhuthaziyo oko akungenisa elizweni, azinyanzele ukuba amkele iimeko ezibekwa ngabanye (ngaphaya kwaloo maxabiso acinyiweyo).
Njengoko ubona, ababhali abaninzi benzelwe okanye ngokuchasene norhwebo lwasimahla. Kwaye zisekelwe kwezi ngenelo okanye izinto ezingeloncedo esizikhankanyileyo. Ucinga ntoni ngayo?