Abatyali mali abancinci abaninzi banokwazi ukuba unokwenza nokugcina kwakho inzuzo iintshukumo ezantsi yee-equities, i-stock stock market. Lukhetho olutsha oluvulekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje njengesiphumo se Utshintsho olwenziwe ziimarike zezemali. Kwaye ayisebenzi kuphela ukuvula izikhundla kwimarike yemasheya, kodwa nakwezinye iimveliso zemali ezidumileyo (iziqinisekiso, iimali zotyalo-mali okanye iimveliso ezidwelisiweyo, phakathi kwabanye).
Ngenxa yokuhamba kwe-bearish kwiimarike, awusayi kuphinda ulinde imeko yeasethi yemali ukutshintsha ukuze ufumane inzuzo eyinkunzi. Nditsho nakwezona meko zingathandekiyo Uya kuba kwimeko yokufumana imbuyekezo ebalulekileyo kwizikhundla zakho. Ngale ndlela, kuzo zonke izikhundla unokusebenza ukuphucula imeko ngokubanzi kwiiakhawunti zakho.
Lo nyaka unzima kakhulu kubatyali mali bemveli ngenxa yenguqu eguqukayo enayo ubulungisa, hayi iSpanish kuphela, kodwa zonke iimarike zentengiso zamanye amazwe. Amathandabuzo amaninzi abonisa ukuba uqoqosho lwamazwe aphesheya ludluliselwe kwiimarike ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku kunzima ngakumbi ukufumana i-euro ezimbalwa zenzuzo kwimisebenzi yesiko yokuthenga nokuthengisa izabelo. Ukuza nkqu nokuphelelwa lithemba kwabatyali mali.
Kodwa ebusweni balo mkhwa udanisayo oboniswe yimarike yemasheya, akufuneki ukhathazeke kakhulu kuba ukusukela ngoku uzokwazi ukuvula izikhundla eziguqukayo. Zithini ezi ntshukumo? Siza kukucacisela ukuze uxhamle kuzo, ngakumbi kwiimveliso zezemali onokuthi uzisebenzise. Ngenxa yokuba azikhawulelwanga kuphela kwimarike yemasheya, kodwa ezinye iindlela ziyavulwa ukuba ufuna ukutyala imali oyigcinileyo ukusukela ngoku.
Zintoni ezihamba umva?
Babizwa njalo xa usebenzisa ithuba lokuwa kwiimarike zezemali ukuthatha isikhundla. Ngelixa ukuncipha kubhengezwa ngakumbi, kuya kuba ngcono ngakumbi kwimidla yakho. Okanye yintoni efanayo, uya kufumana iinzuzo ezinkulu kwimisebenzi evulekileyo. Inokuchaphazela isalathiso, icandelo okanye ixabiso lokulingana. Ngenxa yesi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali esahlukileyo, imeko engathandekiyo yokutshintshiselana ngesitokhwe inokuba zezona ndaba zimnandi onazo ukuba uneendlela ezaneleyo zokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukuba indaleko yesalathiso semasheya ebekiweyo, i-Ibex 35, igcina ukwehla nge-15%, kuya kuthetha ukuba le iya kuba yipesenti eqikelelweyo oya kuyifumana kwinzuzo. Awusayi kulinda ukuba imeko itshintshe iimarike zezemali, kodwa ungayenza imisebenzi yakho phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imeko, nkqu neyona ingathandekiyo.
Oku kukuhamba kwimarike yemasheya enokuthi inzuzo ibe phezulu kakhulu, ngaphezulu kwento eqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yesiko. Kodwa ulumke kakhulu ekusebenzeni, kuba unokushiya ii-euro ezininzi endleleni. Ayothusi into yokuba yimisebenzi ebeka imingcipheko emininzi. Ngokukodwa ukuba ulindelo lotyalo-mali aluzalisekiswa. Kwaye kuphela ngabatyali mali abanamava abakwisikhundla sokuvula izikhundla kunye neziqinisekiso ezithile zempumelelo.
Ukuguqula ukurhweba kwestokhwe
Ukuba umnqweno wakho kukuvula izikhundla eziguqukayo kukhuseleko oludweliswe kwiimarike zezabelo, uya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Iimveliso zilinganiselwe, Kwaye kuya kufuneka waneliswe zizindululo ezimbalwa zotyalo-mali. Izikhundla ezibuyela umva azikafiki ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwezabelo, kwaye awuzukukhetha kodwa ukubuyela kwezinye izindululo, kwezinye iimeko ziba ndlongondlongo ngakumbi ngenxa yohlobo loyilo lwazo.
Enye yeemodeli zeziqinisekiso. Yimveliso yotyalo-mali ephucukileyo nesisiseko semali esivela kwizixhobo okanye ikhontrakthi enika umthengi ilungelo, kodwa hayi isibophelelo, sokuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iasethi ephantsi kwexabiso elichaziweyo ngomhla othile oxeliweyo. Ungayenza kwi-bullish (put) okanye kwi-bearish (call) isikhundla.
Kwaye iasethi yezemali onokuthi usebenze kuyo, iya kuba yokhuseleko okanye isalathiso sesitokhwe, kodwa nakwezinye iimarike zezemali. Ukusuka kwimpahla eluhlaza ukuya kwizinyithi ezixabisekileyo, kwaye apho utshintshiselwano lwangaphandle luyenye yeendlela ezizezinye zokwenza imisebenzi ibe nengeniso ngezi mveliso zikhethekileyo.
Ingxowa mali yotyalo mali
Yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwiintshukumo ze-bearish zeemarike zezemali. Akunanto, Kukho iimodeli ezininzi ezihlangabezana nolu phawu lwahlukileyo, ingakumbi ezinxulunyaniswe namashishini zamazwe ngamazwe. Ezi ziingxowa-mali zotyalo-mali ezisekela inzuzo yazo ekuweni kwee-stock indices apho zinxulunyaniswa khona.
Kwaye ipotifoliyo yabo yotyalo-mali inokuphuculwa, nangona incinci, kunye nezinye ii-asethi eziyimali ezivela kwingeniso esisigxina. Ukuqesha kwakho, nangayiphi na imeko, ayizukubandakanya iindleko ezongezelelweyo, kuba zigcina iikhomishini ezifanayo nakwezinye iimali zotyalo-mali zohlobo olwahlukileyo. Kwaye ngoncedo lokuba ungazitshintshela kwezinye iimali zobume obahlukeneyo xa isiseko semarike yemasheya siphelile.
Ukongeza, kunye nefomula yokukhusela umdla wee-asethi zakho, ungazenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kulawulo lwazo. Umvuzo osisigxina kunye nokwahluka ngokwendalo, enye imali kunye neemodeli ezintsha ngakumbi ziya kuba zezinye zezindululo onokuzifumana ngokunikezelwa kwemali oza kukubonelelwa yibhanki yakho okanye umlamli wezezimali. Ukuhambelana, ngale ndlela, a ipotfoliyo yotyalo mali kwaye uvuleleke kuzo zonke iimeko ezivelayo.
I-ETF, eneemodeli eziguqukayo
Enye yeemveliso zezezimali ezigcina ezi zinto zihlala ziqeshwe ziimali ezithengiswayo. Kodwa ngenkuthazo enye, kwaye awungekhe ubhalise kuphela ii-ETFs zotyalomali, kodwa inguqu. Banoburharha ngakumbi, kwaye benomngcipheko omkhulu ngakumbi, ukuba kuphela kwiimeko ezithile apho unokujonga khona ukuvula izikhundla. Ayothusi into yokuba izibonelelo ziya kuba nkulu, kodwa kunye nelahleko, kude kube kufikelela kumanqanaba ayingozi kakhulu. Kwaye kuphela ngabatyali mali abanamava ngakumbi kwiimarike abanokuthwala.
Ngayiphi na imeko, zininzi kwezi mveliso ezinokuthengwa ngabathengi nangaliphi na ixesha, ukuthatha ithuba lokwehla kweemarike eziphambili zezemali. Kuzo zonke, bakhulelwe ixesha elifutshane kakhulu lokuhlala, ezihambelana nobude bezi meko.
Ukuba uza kukhetha nayiphi na kwezi mveliso, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokutshintsha imali ethengisiweyo. hlanganisa phakathi kokuthenga nokuthengisa izabelo kwimarike yemasheya kunye neengxowa-mali ezifanayo. Inika ezona zibalaseleyo nezona zimbi kwezi modeli, nangona zineekomishini ezingabizi kakhulu kunalezi modeli. Kwaye kunokuba nomdla kakhulu ukukhusela imali yakho kunye nokuvula izikhundla kwimeko ethile yokuphazamiseka kwimarike yemasheya, okanye ubuncinci kunye ne-downtrend ebhengeziweyo.
Ukuthengisa ngetyala
Ukuba awuzimisele ukuyeka imarike yemasheya phantsi kwezona meko zibalaseleyo, uya kuba nelokugqibela lokuthenga ngetyala ukwenza igalelo lakho lemali libe yinzuzo. Le mveliso, nayo ichubeke kakhulu kuyilo lwayo, luhlobo lomsebenzi apho intlawulo yenziwa kwixesha eliphakathi okanye elide, emva kokufunyanwa kokulungileyo okanye inkonzo. Kwaye kule meko ibhekisa kwi ixabiso, icandelo okanye isalathiso esivela kwii-equities.
Ukuba ufuna ukusebenza nezi mveliso, kuya kuba yimfuneko kakhulu ukuba ube namava athile kuzo, ukuze wazi ukuba kubandakanya ntoni na ukusebenza. Akululanga ukufaka isicelo kwizihlandlo ezininzi, kwaye nayiphi na impazamo yokubala inokukuhlawula i-euro ezininzi xa ugqiba ukusebenza. Akunanto, Isilumkiso kufuneka ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwimisebenzi yakho, kwaye soloko iphantsi kwemirhumo encinci engabeki engozini iiasethi zakho.
Ezinye iingcebiso zokurhweba ezantsi
Kuya kulungeleka kakhulu ukuba wazi malunga nokwenzeka kotshintsho olusondeleyo kwindlela yeemarike zentengiso, ezinokuhamba nangaliphi na ixesha ukusuka kwi-bullish ukuya kwi-bearish, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, fumana uninzi kwezi ntshukumo. Nje ukuba ubhaqiwe, khetha ezona mveliso zibalaseleyo ezibonisa oku, kokubini kwizabelo kwimarike yemasheya, nakwi ezinye iiasethi zemali (igolide, iimali, ioyile, njl..
- Ekuphela kwemfuneko ekufuneka ubenayo kukuqiniseka ukuba imakethi yesitokhwe inyanzeliswa kwinkqubo ye-bearish ngobunzulu obukhulu, ukuqondisa ukonga nakweyiphi na kwezi mveliso zezezimali sizichazileyo kweli nqaku. Kwaye ukwazi ngamaxesha onke oko umngcipheko oza kuwuthatha kule misebenzi iya kuba phezulu kakhulu kunakwimodeli eqhelekileyo esekwe kwii-equity.
- Ungalibali ukuba zimalunga izixhobo ezizodwa zotyalo-mali, ejoliswe kubatyali mali abanamava ngakumbi kwiimarike. Ayisiyo imodeli, ngokuchaseneyo, ilungele abatyali mali abancinci abangenayo inkcubeko ethile yezemali, kwaye kuncinci abangasetyenziswanga ukusebenza kwezi mveliso.
- Abaphathi bayile iintlobo ngeentlobo zemali ngezi mpawu, apho uninzi lwee-indices kunye namacandelo emarike yemasheya aqwalaselwa ngokubanzi, kwaye phantse angaze abelane ngenkampani enye okanye nangaphezulu. Ziimveliso ezinzima ngakumbi ukuziqonda, apho kuyakufuneka ukuqiniseka kwicala lomthengi ukuba imarike yemasheya iza kwehla kwiinyanga ezizayo. Ukuze ekugqibeleni ukhethe owona mzekelo wotyalo-mali ufanelekileyo ngesihlandlo ngasinye.
- Olu hlobo lotyalo-mali akufuneki lwenziwe njengesiphelo ngokwalo, kodwa njenge uncediso kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo. Kwaye oko kuyakuvumela, kwimeko yokugqibela, ukuba uthathe ithuba kuzo zonke iimeko ezinokubakho. Ayisiyiyo kuphela yeenkomo, njengoko ubusenza kule minyaka idlulileyo. Kwaye apho uya kufumana ngakumbi nangakumbi uyilo olunobunkunkqele.