Isifundo esinye esityala abatyali zimali kufuneka sifunde ekuweni kweemarike zokulingana xa kuvuka ubhubhane we coronavirus kukuba akufuneki benze iimpazamo zexesha elidlulileyo. Kwaye oko kubenze baphulukana nenxalenye elungileyo yemali abayityalileyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, njengoko iimarike zentengiso zehlile kwi umyinge wama-41%. Ngokukodwa, ngokunikwa ukubonakala komgangatho onokumisa ukuwa okungalindelekanga kunye nokuma nkqo okuthe iimpahla zafumana ubunzima kwezi ntsuku zembali. Xa iiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo zonke bezonwabile kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi.
Kodwa nakwezona meko zimbi njengale sihamba nazo, kufuneka zisuswe izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Kwaye oku kufanele ukuba kube yenye yezona zikhethwayo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili: ukwakha iphothifoliyo yotyalo-mali ngokufunda kwiimpazamo. Ayothusi into yokuba enye yeendlela zokufunda kwilizwe elinzima lemali ngokufunda kwiimpazamo zethu zangaphambili kwaye ngoku sikulo mzuzu usebenza ukwenza esi sicwangciso sikhethekileyo. Akukho mntu unokucinga ukuba kulo nyaka sizokufikelela kule meko imbi. Ngamanye amaxesha kungenxa yokuba intengiso yenziwe ngelahleko ezininzi kwinkcazo yengeniso nakwabanye kuba similiselwe nje kwizikhundla zethu.
Ukuba isifundo sinokutsalwa kwikamva, kukuba utyalomali kufuneka lube njalo ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu kolunye uthotho lokuqwalaselwa, njengoko besilumkisile kule minyaka idlulileyo malunga nokuba kungenzeka ntoni. Ngenxa yokuba iimarike zezabelo azisoloko zonyuka, njengoko kwenzekile ukusukela ngo-2012, ngamanye amaxesha okulungiswa kwamaxabiso kunye nexesha elizayo. Kungenxa yokuba esiphelweni sosuku sithetha ngemakethi yesitokhwe, ngokulungileyo nokungalunganga kolu hlobo lotyalo-mali olunalo kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Kwaye ngelishwa inkuku emnyama ifikile ekungekho mntu ubalwe kuyo, nditsho nabahlalutyi abadumileyo kwiimarike zezemali. Kodwa sikule meko intsha kwaye akukho mathandabuzo ukuba kufuneka sisabele.
Ipotifoliyo yotyalo mali: ukhuseleko ngakumbi
Isifundo sokuqala esinokutsalwa kule meko intsha ubukho besifo se-coronavirus esinike yona kukuba akufuneki ubekwe kwixabiso elinye lemarike yestokhwe. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, imali eyinkunzi kufuneka ihanjiswe okanye isasazwe phakathi kweenkampani ezininzi ezidwelisiweyo. Ngenjongo yokunciphisa ukuwa esikubonayo kwezi ntsuku zinzima kubo bonke abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba abatyali mali ababethathe izikhundla kuyo IAG Bayibonile imali abayigcinileyo iphuma nje ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa. Ngokuhamba kwixabiso elikufutshane ukuya kwisibhozo kwisabelo ngasinye ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-euro ezimbini kunye nomngcipheko wokuba ayizukudweliswa kwakhona kwiimarike ze-equity ngenxa yesizwe.
Ngaphakathi kulo mxholo kuqoqosho lwamazwe aphesheya, akukho nyaniso iyinyani kukuba ezi ngxaki zibhetele ngokungafaniyo kwipotifoliyo yezokhuseleko. Ukuzama ukukhetha amacandelo esitokhwe ahlukeneyo apho abo bazikhuselayo bengafanelekanga nangayiphi na indlela. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuxhasa utyalo-mali ngendlela elungeleleneyo kwaye iqine kwiimfuno zethu ezithile. Apho iprofayili yokunyoluka ezama ukufumana inzuzo enkulu kwixeshana elifutshane kakhulu akufuneki ibekho. Ngokuchasene noko, umntu kufuneka akhethe ukhuseleko olwenza ixabiso kwaye ajongane neendlela ezizinzileyo zeshishini kwaye ezinokuhambisa izabelo phakathi kwabanini zabelo.
Phuma kwiintsuku ezimfutshane
Akuthandabuzeki ukuba ukwenza ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali yokufunda kwiimpazamo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili, okuninzi kufuneka kusetelwe ngokusisigxina. Ngengqiqo yokuba utyalomali kwimarike yemasheya kufuneka lusondele njengoko luyiyo kanye, lutyalomali emva kwayo yonke loo nto. Ayisiyomisebenzi eqikelelwayo njengabatyali mali abancinci kunye nabaphakathi abarhwebi kwiimarike zezabelo. Le nyani inokuthi ekugqibeleni ibe nezinye iziphumo ezibi kwimidla yezi profayile ngabasebenzisi. Ukuqikelela kwintengiso yesitokhwe kunokuba sengqiqweni ukwenza umsebenzi othile, kodwa njengesiqhelo kubo bonke okoko ekuhambeni kwexesha unazo zonke iivoti oza kuphulukana nazo.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, asinakulibala ukuba utyalomali lunokuhanjiswa njengecebo lokuphucula ukonga. Ngokusebenzisa ibhegi yokonga ezinzileyo ejonge embindini kwaye ngakumbi ixesha elide, nokuba usombulule omnye umzuzu onzima kwixesha elizayo okanye uncedise umhlala phantsi. Kodwa ayikho enye into. Akumangalisi ukuba sibe nokuvezwa kuqoqosho lwemfazwe oluya kuthi ngokungathandabuzekiyo luchaphazele ukulingana kweemarike ukusukela ngoku. Elinye lamaqhosha ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kukubakhokela ixesha elide kunangaphambili. Ngeli qhinga, izinto ezimangazayo ezithile ezinokudala iingxaki zokuhlawula amatyala ziya kuthintelwa.
Ukuphonononga iimarike ezintsha
Nokuba kwezona meko zimbi, ngelishwa kulapho sihlala khona, amathuba okwenene eshishini athambekele ekuveleni. Ngesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uphonononge iimarike zotyalo-mali ezitsha ezingakhange ziphononongwe ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Njengomzekelo, leyo ye izinto eziluhlaza okanye isinyithi esithile kuba zihlala zisebenza njengendawo ekhuselekileyo kwezona meko zingazinzanga kwiimarike zokulingana zemveli. Apho ukonga kunokwenziwa ngokukuko ngakumbi kunakwindlela eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa oko kukuqokelela indawo enkulu yokuhamba kwemali yimali enkulu yolawulo.
Kwelinye icala, kwaye ngokubhekisele kwigolide, kufanele ukuba ikhankanywe ukuba inokuzuzwa yi inzala ephantsi zombini kwicala elinye elinye iAtlantic. Ngale ndlela, amaqondo wenzala asezantsi kakhulu kwaye amathemba awanyusi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko zamathuba ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu kwaye ukuba sidibanisa ukuba iindleko zokwenza ukuthengiselana ngamatyala kunye nomngcipheko onokubakho wotyalo-mali lwexesha elide kunye nejika eligcweleyo lokuvelisa, ezi zizizathu ezaneleyo zokuqalisa ukucinga ukuba uMbindi Iibhanki ziya kunciphisa ukuthengiswa kwazo kwegolide kuye kuthi ga ngoku kwaye kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba banokuba ngabathengi be-net ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngokukhusela ngokuchasene nexabiso lentengo.
Qaphela inkxaso
Elinye iqhinga lotyalo-mali lisekwe ekubeni sisebenze ngakumbi ekubekeni iliso kutyalo-mali lwethu. Ukuba oku kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ilahleko enzulu inokuthintelwa kwingxelo yethu yengeniso, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngoku le ntshukumo ikhawuleze kakhulu kwaye iphuhlise okumangalisayo kubo bonke abameli bezemali. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, nini kuxhaswa inkxaso, ke ixabiso lihlala lihla ngokukhawuleza: isitokisi siphule isithintelo esifunyenwe ekunciphiseni kwayo, kwaye xa sidlulile, siwela ngokukhululekile, ngoko ke ixabiso lokuthengisa kufuneka lilungiswe kunye nenqanaba lokuxhasa. Xa uxhathiso loyisiwe, kwelinye icala, ixabiso lihlala linyuka ngamandla. Ziziphumo ezinazo ngokuthe ngqo kwixabiso lokhuseleko okanye isalathiso kwaye kufuneka zibekwe esweni rhoqo ngumtyalomali ukuthatha ithuba lokusebenza kwabo.
Inqanaba lenkxaso (ukumelana) liyomelela njengoko ixabiso lisuka kuyo emva kokuba kuvavanyiwe. Ukuba amaxabiso ahlangana nge-10% emva kokuvavanywa kwenkxaso, ithathwa ngokuba yomelele kunokuba ibinomhlangano kuphela, umzekelo, iipesenti ezi-6. Ngamaxesha onke ukhumbula ukuba impendulo yeemarike zezabelo kwihlabathi liphela ziya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokubuyiselwa kuqoqosho lwamanye amazwe. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba abahlalutyi abohlukeneyo bezezimali baphakamise iimeko ezahlukeneyo ekusonjululweni kwale ngxaki yezoqoqosho yokubaluleka okukhethekileyo kubo bonke.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, elinye lamaqhosha okwenza iphothifoliyo yotyalo-mali ngokufunda kwiimpazamo kukuba nemali eninzi kulondolozo lwethu okanye kwiakhawunti yethu. Ayisiyi kuphila nje kwezona meko zinzima kwiimarike zezabelo, kodwa ukusebenzisa amathuba oshishino azakubonelelwa ziimarike ukusukela ngala mzuzu ukuya phambili. Ngenjongo yokunciphisa iziphumo zoqoqosho kunye neemeko zentengiso yesitokhwe, njengoko kusenzeka ngoku. Apho ngekhe wazi ukuba yeyiphi esona sigqibo silungileyo sokukhusela imali yethu. Kodwa ngotshintsho kwimikhwa yethu ngokunxulumene nehlabathi lemali, kunokusinceda ukuba sifezekise ezi njongo zifunwayo. Kuba ingasemva kwayo yonke le nto ikule klasi kolu hlobo lweemeko ezinzima. Sisenalo ixesha lokutshintsha isicwangciso sethu sotyalo-mali.