Enye yezona mveliso zingaziwayo ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi ngokungathandabuzekiyo zibizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo zokuthand 'izwe. Ukuze uyazi ngcono ukuba le mveliso ivela kwingeniso esisigxina iqulathe ntoni, siza kukunika izitshixo kulwakhiwo lwayo kunye nendlela onokuyiqesha ngayo ukusukela ngoku. Kuba igama layo alithethi ukuba yi imveliso yesizwe ebalaseleyo kwaye oko kumiselwe kuluntu ngalunye oluzimeleyo kwilizwe lethu.
Izibophelelo zokuthanda ilizwe ziye zaziwa kakubi kule minyaka idlulileyo ngenxa yemingcipheko emininzi ebandakanyekayo kulwakhiwo lwabo ngokusemthethweni. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba banako ulahlekelwe yinxalenye yemali oyityalileyo kwaye esi sesona sizathu sokubonisa inzala ephezulu kunesiqhelo kwezi meko. Njengenkuthazo kubo yokuba baqeshwe ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngayiphi na imeko, kufanelekile ukugxininisa ukuba sisebenza nemveliso yengeniso esisigxina ethe ngandlel 'ithile.
Iibhondi zokuthanda izwe zibonakaliswa ngokukodwa ngabo ukungazinzi okuphezulu, nokuba banxulunyaniswe nengeniso esisigxina. Ngengqondo yokuba inzuzo yayo inokwahluka ngokubonakalayo ukusuka komnye umba uye komnye nakuluntu oluzimeleyo olufanayo. Ngumahluko onokufikelela kumanqaku eepesenti aliqela kwaye amele imali eninzi kutyalo-mali olwenziwe ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukusuka kolu luvo, kunokuthiwa ngaphandle koloyiko lokuba kungalunganga ukuba iyimveliso yezemali eguqukayo kwaye ayibonisi ukufana okufanayo kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Iibhondi zePatriotic: Imicimbi yakutshanje
Ngeli xesha lichanekile ngoku Iphondo leMadrid leyo iye yaya kwimarike xa yayisungula imveliso yotyalo-mali kwezi mpawu. Kungenxa yokuba, umba omtsha wozinzo lwe "benchmark" bond nguLuntu lwaseMadrid ngemali eyi-1.250 yezigidi zeerandi zamkelwe kurhwebo kwi-BME AIAF Market. Olu lukhutshiso lwesihlanu oluzinzileyo olubhalisiweyo loLawulo loLuntu kwimakethi ye-AIAF ukusukela ngo-2016, olwenza ukuba lube ngumniki-benchmark kwicandelo lezemali oluzinzileyo kwaye ludibanisa iMarike ye-AIAF njengomlinganiso wolu hlobo lokukhutshwa.
Iibhondi zinexabiso lomntu ngamnye 1.000 euro kunye nekhuphoni lonyaka eliqingqiweyo le-1,571%. Umhla wokugqibela wokuhlawula amatyala ngu-Epreli 30, 2029. Kwelinye icala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba amaziko ezemali i-BBVA, i-HSBC, i-ING, iBanco Sabadell kunye ne-Banco Santander basebenze njengababhengezi balo mbandela. Uluntu lwaseMadrid lunemilinganiselo ye I-Baa1, uzinzo, unikezwe nguMoody; BBB +, uzinzo, nge-S & P, BBB, izinzile, nguFitch kunye A-, izinzile, yi-DBRS.
Iibhondi eziluhlaza nezentlalo
UGonzalo Gómez Retuerto, uMlawuli Jikelele we-BME Renta Fija, uyayichaza loo nto "Iibhondi eziluhlaza nezentlalo ziye zaba ludidi lweeasethi ngokwazo kwaye zifunwa kakhulu ngabatyali zimali bamanye amazwe". Umthamo opheleleyo okhutshwe ngo-2018 wolu hlobo lweeasethi udlule kwi-167.000 yezigidi zeedola. "Abakhupheli baseSpain bahlala kwindawo yesithandathu ebalaseleyo kuluhlu lwamazwe aphesheya." Uluntu lwaseMadrid lwaluluLawulo lokuqala loLuntu lwaseSpain olucele ukukhupha kwimarike yebhondi Ukuxhasa ngezimali iiprojekthi zentlalo Ngokukodwa, kubonisa inkxalabo enkulu yoLuntu kwimicimbi engqongqo yezemali efana notshintsho lwemozulu kunye nophuhliso.
Ngesi sihlandlo, le ndlela yotyalo-mali ibonelela nge Inzuzo isondele kwi-1,50%, okanye yintoni efanayo, ephezulu kunaleyo yenziwa ziimveliso zebhanki eziphambili. Phakathi kwazo, iidipozithi zexesha, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki okanye iiakhawunti ezinesivuno esikhulu, apho onke amatyala anganikezeli ngaphezulu kwe-0,75% ngenzala kubaninizo. Nangona kunjalo, oko kubizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo zokuthanda izwe akunayo ingxowa mali yesiqinisekiso, njengoko kunjalo nakwidipozithi yekota. Kwimeko apho kukho nasiphi na isiganeko esinokuthi siphuhle izinto ezikhupha le mveliso yemali. Kule meko, uluntu oluzimeleyo ngokwalo.
Inzuzo yezi bhondi
Inqanaba lenzala elenziwa lolu didi lweemveliso zezemali alisoloko lilingana, nkqu nakwindawo enye ezimeleyo yoluntu. Ungahlala phakathi kwe-1% ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8%. Apho ubume obungqongqo buzalisekisiwe kwaye kunjalo njengoko umngcipheko uphezulu inzuzo iphezulu. Sisicwangciso esilawulwa ziibhondi zokuthand 'izwe. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba ufuna ukufumana umvuzo onesisa, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokuthatha umngcipheko. Kweminye ephezulu kakhulu ngenxa yesimo semali yamatyala apho ezinye iindawo ezizimeleyo zelizwe lethu zikhona.
Kwelinye icala, kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba Intlawulo yakho ivuthiwe, apho abanini bazo beza kufumana igalelo labo lezoqoqosho kunye nezinto abanomdla kuzo. Akukho meko kuya kubakho utshintsho kwinqanaba lenzala elinikwa abathengi bebhanki. Ayinakushukunyiswa ngokupheleleyo kuba asinakulibala ukuba sithetha ngemveliso yengeniso esisigxina. Ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kwaye le yinto ekufuneka siyicazulule ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili ukufumanisa ukuba kuyacetyiswa na ukuba kuqeshwe.
Izinto eziluncedo zeebond zasekuhlaleni
Elinye lamagalelo eebhondi zokuthand 'izwe kukuba banokufikelela phucula intlawulo kwezona mveliso ziqhelekileyo zengeniso esisigxina. Kwezinye iimeko, umahluko omkhulu ovela ekukhetheni le modeli yotyalo-mali ngaphandle komngcipheko obandakanyekayo ekubhaliseni kwayo. Olunye uncedo lwalo olufanelekileyo luvela kwinto yokuba uneebhonasi ezininzi zezi mpawu onokukhetha kuzo. Ngokusisiseko lonke uluntu oluzimeleyo lwelizwe lethu lunefomathi efana nale ichaphazelekayo kweli nqaku. Izwe laseBasque, iCatalonia, iAndalusia, iNavarra, iLa Rioja, iCastilla y León, njl.
Ngayiphi na imeko, oko akuthethi ukuba iibhondi zokuthanda ilizwe zihlala zikhona. Kuba ayisiyiyo le ndlela, ukusasazwa kwayo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zezemali yoluntu oluzimeleyo uqobo. Kwaye kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukuba benze ukukhutshwa kwezi ntlobo zeemveliso zemali. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobugcisa. Inyani yokuba sijongana nemveliso yezemali engaxakekanga nayo iyayidlala. Kulula kakhulu ukuba kwenziwe ngokusesikweni kwaye akufuneki ukuba kufundwe ukuqonda bonke oomatshini bayo.
Iingxaki zokuthanda izwe
Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo izithunzi ezibonakaliswa zizibophelelo zelizwe kwaye zininzi, njengoko uya kuba nakho ukuqiniseka ngala maxesha ngqo. Kungenxa yokuba amathuba okusilela zihlala zifihlekile kwaye ubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwiminikelo yakho yemali. Ukujongana neengxaki zemali zoluntu oluzimeleyo olukhupha ezinye zezi bhondi zokuthand 'izwe. Umrhumo kuya kufuneka uhlawule ukuze ufumane imbuyekezo ehlengahlengiswe ngakumbi kwiminqweno yakho.
Kwelinye icala, akufuneki silibale ukuba olu didi lweemveliso zemali zihlala zifuna ixesha elide kakhulu. Rhoqo ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4 kwaye oko kukhokelela ekubeni ube nemali engafakwanga ixesha elininzi. Ewe, ezo ongazukuzifumana ziya kuba ngamaxesha okuthatha isigqibo, njengoko kusenzeka kwiidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elimisiweyo. Apho unokutyala khona imali yakho ngeentsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Oku kwelinye icala akunakwenziwa kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba kukuthanda izwe.
Umahluko ukusuka kolunye uluntu ukuya kolunye
Isithembiso esikhoyo kule klasi yeemveliso zengeniso esisigxina sikhulu kakhulu, nangona singasoloko sifumaneka xa usifuna. Inzuzo yakho iya kulungiswa kwaye iqinisekiswe, nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiimarike zezemali. Ngale ndlela, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengendawo ekhuselekileyo xa kukho ukungazinzi kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngomngcipheko esiwukhankanyileyo ngasentla kwaye kufuneka uhlalutye kuba uyimveliso entsonkothileyo kakhulu kule ndawo. Akululanga ukuqesha ezi bhondi zilungile. Hayi kangako.
Kwelinye icala, iibhondi zokuthanda izwe azinakurhoxiswa kwangoko, kwaye awunako nokuzihlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo. Zizinto ezizodwa ezikhethekileyo ezilawulwa yimithetho yazo kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo yonke imeko yezoqoqosho yoluntu oluzimeleyo kuluntu. Iya kuba yiyo eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ichonge eyakho Ingeniso yokwenene. Njengekhuphoni oza kuqokelela ekuphelisweni kwale modeli kutyalo-mali oluthile.
Apho uyakuhlala ubona ukuba kukho abantu abazimeleyo abathembekileyo kunabanye, kodwa ngenxa yoko umdla wabo wonyaka uya kuba mbalwa. Esi sisiseko apho iibhondi zisekwe khona kwaye zahluke ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iziphumo zengeniso esisigxina. Ngayiphi na imeko, yenye indlela entsha onayo okwangoku yokwenza ukuba imali yakho ekhoyo ibenenzuzo ukusukela ngoku. Ngaphezulu kokunye ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwezobuchwephesha okuya kuba ngumxholo wolunye uhlalutyo lokuqonda okungcono ngumntu wonke.