Isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi inokufunyanwa kuphela xa ukuhlangabezana neemeko ezingxamisekileyo yalo Intswela-ngqesho yenye yezinto ezingxamisekileyoNangona ingengabo bonke abantu abangaphangeliyo abanamathuba okufumana kwakhona imali yabo yomhlala phantsi, eli nqaku liza kukunceda wazi ukuba ungoyena ubolekisayo.
Izicwangciso zepenshini zine injongo yokonga ixesha elide, Ke ngoko, izithintelo ezifanelekileyo ziyilelwe xa kufikwa ekubuyiseleni imali ebityaliwe. Ukunqongophala kwemali Ingxaki enkulu kakhulu ethe xa ithelekiswa nezinye iimveliso ezinje mali mali, ethi ngenxa yezinye iimpawu zayo zisebenze ngendlela efanayo.
Ngapha koko, enye ye Ezona mpawu ziphambili zezicwangciso zepenshini kukuba kukungabikho kwemali. Ngamanye amagama, kunokwenzeka kuphela ukubuyisa imali etyalwe kwiimeko ezithile kunye neemeko ezimiselwe yimimiselo echazwe kwangaphambili yokuyifumana. Ukungaphangeli yenye yazo.
Ngaba ukhetho lokusihlangula njani isicwangciso somsebenzi ongasebenziyo?
Kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kwafuneka kwenziwe umahluko phakathi kwexesha elide labantu abangaphangeliyo nabangaphangeliyo. Abokuqala ngabo bathe bahlala ixesha elingaphezu konyaka bengasebenzi, okwesibini ke abo bebengasebenzi ixesha elingaphantsi konyaka.
ISpain lilizwe lesibini kwi-European Union elinelona nani liphezulu lokumisa ixesha elide.
Ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-2,2 kule meko, ngokweenkcukacha eziqokelelwe liZiko leSizwe lezeNkcukacha-manani (INE). Inkqubo ye- inqanaba lokungaqeshwa ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nenani labemi abangaphangeliyo, yi-11,4%.
Eli nani liphantse liphindwe kalishumi kuneliyarekhodwayo ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwentlekele, nge Amanani e-Eurostat. Kwimeko yeGrisi, ibonisa inqanaba lokungaqeshwa ixesha elide iphezulu kuneSpanish, nge-18,2%, yiyo loo nto iba lilizwe elinentswela-ngqesho ephezulu kwi-European Union.
Buyisa isicwangciso sempesheni, ukhetho lwabangaphangeliyo
Eminye imiba kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, njengenyaniso yokuba inqanaba laseSpain liphantse lamanqaku asixhenxe ngaphezulu komndilili woluntu, okwangoku eyi-4,5%.
Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lolawulo luka-2013 uhlengahlengiso olwahlukeneyo luye lwavela, kwaye oku akusekho mfuneko yokuba kungqinwe isitrayikhi sangoku, ukuze hlangula ipenshini, kuyakwanela ukubonisa ukuba awusebenzi, uthobela ngokucacileyo ezi nkolelo zilandelayo:
- Yiba ngaphakathi yokungasebenzi ngokusemthethweni, ngokulandela izibonelelo zePension Pans and Funds Regulation Law. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi ngokwasemthethweni kuveliswa ngokupheliswa kwengqesho okanye ubudlelwane kwezolawulo, kunye nokumiswa kwesivumelwano esasekwa kwasekuqaleni.
- Ibe Ukuhluthwa izibonelelo zokungaqeshwa kwinqanaba lokufaka isandla okanye ukugqiba ezi zibonelelo kwaye ungasenazo kwakhona.
- Ngexesha lokwenza isicelo, be ubhaliswe njengomntu ofuna umsebenzi kwinkonzo yengqesho yoluntu ehambelana nayo.
- Kwimeko yabo bazisebenzelayo nababekade benxulumene neskimu soKhuseleko lweNtlalo kwaye bebenjalo babekwa emsebenzini wabo.
Njengokuba imeko ikhoyo okwangoku, ikhuthaze abagcini mali abaninzi ukuba bazifumane benengxaki zemali kwaye bakhetha ukusebenzisa imali abayigcinileyo ukwenza umhlala-phantsi.
Umthetho wawuvumela kuphela ukuhlangula izicwangciso zepenshini kwimeko yomhlala-phantsi, ukungakwazi ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo nokusisigxina emsebenzini nasekufeni komsebenzi. Kodwa xa kwaqondwa inani labantu abashiyeke bengenakuzinceda kula matyala ambalwa omhlalaphantsi, amatyala okuswela ixesha elide lokungaphangeli kunye nokugula okunzima kuye kongezwa njengemiqathango emitsha yokukwazi ukuhlangula ipenshini. Kule mihla isicwangciso sempesheni sinokuhlangulwa kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokwenza utyalo-mali lokuqala.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa uqokelela inkxaso-mali?
Umthetho uphawula ukuba ayifanelekanga ukuqokelela intswela ngqesho kwinqanaba lokufaka isandlaOku kulingana nesibonelelo esinikwa ukungabikho kwemisebenzi. Into eyahluke kakhulu yenzeka ngenkxaso-mali. Ungayithenga Isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi siqokelela inkxaso-mali, kodwa ukuyenza ngale ndlela, kufanelekile ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba isicwangciso sempesheni sihlawuliswa njani irhafu kwezi meko, kuba oko kunokubangela ukuba le nkxaso-mali ingekhoyo igalelo.
Ukucacisa eli candelo linzima, nini hlangula ipenshiniEsi sicwangciso siza kubanjiswa irhafu njengengeniso evela emsebenzini, endithetha ukuba ngumvuzo oqhelekileyo. Ukuze ube nokukhetha ukuqokelela inkxaso-mali engenasibonelelo, kufuneka ubonise ukungabikho kwengeniso kwaye ungagqithi kwimida ethile esekwe ngumthetho, kuba, kwimeko yokudlula kwabo, ilungelo lokufumana le nkxaso liyakulahleka ngokupheleleyo . Umda omiselweyo yi-75% yomvuzo ophantsi wenyanga ubekwe kuma-euro angama-491,40 ngo-2015, uthathela ingqalelo ukuba owona mvuzo mncinci wenyanga yi-655,20 euro.
Uxanduva lwabaxhamli
Kucacile ukuba Urhulumente umisela uxanduva kubo bonke abaxhamli besicwangciso somhlala-phantsi, ekufuneka zihlonitshwe ukuqhubeka nokufumana inkxaso rhoqo, phakathi kwezi zibophelelo, kukunxibelelana neNkonzo kaRhulumente yezeNgqesho zikaRhulumente, naluphi na uhlobo lotshintsho kwimivuzo efunyenweyo kwaye oku kubandakanya ukuhlangulwa kwesicwangciso somhlala phantsi ngelixa likwimeko yentswela-ngqesho. Kwimeko yokuqikelela yomntu ofumana isixa semali esingaphezulu kwenyanga umda obekwe yi-SMI, umboleki-mali wepenshini angalahlekelwa lilungelo lokufumana esi sibonelelo.
Ngale nto engqondweni, kukho umthetho olawula izibonelelo ezinikwa abantu abangasebenziyo, umisela ukuba izibonelelo Ingeniso efunyenwe ngentlawulo enyeKuba ukufumana isicwangciso sempesheni kufanele ukuba kusetyenzwe kwimeko yokungaphangeli, kubalulekile ukwahlulahlula ibe ziintlawulo ezili-12 zenyanga. Lo msebenzi ubalulekile kwikamva lalo msebenzi kuba oku kuyakujonga ukuba ayichaphazeli ngqo inqanaba lomvuzo elifunyenweyo.
Iindlela zokufumana isicwangciso sepenshini
Sele siyazi ukuba ungayifumana njani Isicwangciso somhlala-phantsi kunye nokusikelwa umda Oku kuthetha ukuba, ukukhetha imo yokwenza, yinto yokugqibela ekufuneka uyazi ukubuyisa iminyaka yakho yomsebenzi kwaye uhlawulwe njengoko kufanelekile. Kwaye kukuba, ukufezekisa oku, kukho iifomula ezahlukeneyo zokuhlangula imali yepenshini, ifomula nganye ichaza izibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga.
Kukho iindlela ezi-4 zokufumana kwakhona isicwangciso sepenshini:
1. Ngohlobo lwenkunzi:
Amalungelo adityanisiweyo aqokelelwe kumboniso wentlawulo omnye ayahlawuliswa, kungenjalo, kukufumana idiphozithi enye, konke ukugcinwa okufakwe kwisicwangciso.
2. Ngohlobo lomvuzo:
Ihlawuliswa ngokusebenzisa umbono othile wamaxesha (inyanga nenyanga, isemi yonyaka njl. Kwimeko apho iqhutywa ngale ndlela, iirhafu ezilandelelanayo ziya kuyeka ukuhlawulwa kude kubhatalwe imali ebekulindelwe.
Nje ukuba yenziwe, loo mali iya kuqala ukurhafiswa kwingxelo yengeniso ngokungathi ibingumvuzo, oko kukuthi, iyakuhlawula irhafu ngokwezinye iiparameter ezimiselweyo.
3. Ngendlela exubeneyo:
Oku kukudityaniswa kwezinye iindlela ezimbini zokuhlangula isicwangciso sepenshini, ukwenze ngohlobo lwenkunzi nakwimo yengeniso.
4. Ngohlobo lomvuzo okanye i-inshurensi:
Okokugqibela, kukho indlela yengeniso ye-inshurensi, oko kukuthi, ukuqokelela umvuzo wobomi bonke kunye okanye ngaphandle kweinshurensi yobomi.
Ukuhlangabeza isicwangciso sepenshini kunokuba yindlela esebenzayo yokufumana imali ukuba kukho imfuneko. Kodwa iziphumo zesibini eziveliswa kwikamva lethu zinokubonakala kakhulu.
Amanqaku aphambili atshintshileyo notshintsho lwamva nje kwimithetho yerhafu zezi:
- Umda wokufakwa kwemali egameni lomlingane ugcinwe kwi-2.500 ye-euro, okoko efumana umvuzo ongagqithiyo kwi-euro ezingama-8.000 ngonyaka.
- Amacandelo kunye namaxabiso asezantsi erhafu yengeniso yobuqu ancitshisiwe.
- Amathuba okuhlawulela izicwangciso zepenshini kunye nobudala beminyaka eli-10 ahlala ehleli, eqale ukubala ukusukela nge-1 Januwari 2015, ukuze intlawulelo yenkunzi yokuqala iqale ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1 wama-2025.
- Hlala uqhagamshelene ngeqonga le "My Retirement" ukuze wazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni malunga nomhlala phantsi, ulondolozo kunye nepenshini
- Kubekho uhlengahlengiso kumacandelo eSiseko seRhafu yoLondolozo. La macandelo ahlulelwe kathathu, owokuqala usuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-6.000 ye-euro, owesibini ukusuka kwi-6.001 ukuya kwi-50.000 kunye neyesithathu ngaphezulu kwe-50.000 euro.
- Iirhafu zango-2017 zehliswe nge-0,5%.
- Imida yegalelo ihlala ingatshintshiswanga. Lo mda ungaphantsi kwezi zixa: i-8.000 ye-euro okanye i-30% yengeniso evela kwingqesho okanye eminye imisebenzi yokufumana imali.
- Ulawulo lwethutyana luhlala luhleli, apho ukuncitshiswa kwe-40% kunokusetyenziselwa ukuhlangula ngohlobo lwenkxaso mali.
Ngolu lwazi unokuba nembono ecace gca nangakumbi malunga nesicwangciso somhlala-phantsi kunye nendlela yokusihlangula, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza ngendlela efanelekileyo kuqoqosho lwakho.