Ingozi utshintsho lesitokhwe Kukuwa okuthe nkqo kweemarike ze-equity ngexesha elingekho ngaphezulu kwexesha kwaye oko kuphawuleka ngokusisiseko kwinto yokuba ukuthengisa ngoku kunyanzeliswa ngokucacileyo komthengi. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba amaxabiso ezokhuseleko ehla esiya kwimida abambalwa abatyali-mali abanokuyicinga. Ngethamsanqa, ezi ntlobo zentshukumo aziqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye zenzeka amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukuba, nangayiphi na imeko, lolunye loloyiko olushiyekileyo kwiimarike zezabelo.
Ngokuchanekileyo ngeli xesha, amazwi abanye babahlalutyi bezemali aphakanyisiwe- hayi baninzi okwangoku - abathi ukuba sinokuba kumqukumbelo wenye yezi ntshukumo ayinqwenelwa kwaphela ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngokukodwa ngenxa yamatyala amakhulu akhoyo kumazwe kunye neqamza elenziweyo ngokubhekisele kwityala loluntu. Ewe ii-alamu ziyaphazamisa kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba sijamelene nengozi enje ngo-1929 okanye ezinye ezifanayo.
Ngayiphi na imeko, kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphonononga konke ukuhamba kwezi mpawu zavela kwiplanethi ukusukela nge1929. Ukuze ngale ndlela, silindele iziphumo ezibiHayi kuqoqosho lwamanye amazwe kuphela kodwa kwinxalenye enkulu yabemi. Ngokwemo yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, intswela-ngqesho, ukuwa kwemarike yemasheya, ukungazinzi kwemali, njl. Ngamafutshane, yenye yeemeko ezimbi kakhulu ukuba naluphi na uqoqosho lunokubandezeleka ngeli xesha.
Ukuwa kwestokhwe sokuqala kwimbali
U-1929 uyakuba ngunyaka oya kwaziwa ngokwembali ngokuphuhlisa enye yezona ntshukumo zinobungozi kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kuyo yonke imbali yayo. Njengabafundi banokucinga ukuba sibhekisa kwingozi eyenzeka kwilizwe liphela yama-29. Kodwa yintoni le ntsebenzo eyagqiba ukuvela kwembali kwinxalenye enkulu yamazwe ehlabathi? Ewe, ngokusisiseko ukuphazamiseka kwama-29? Yeyona ngozi yokutshatyalaliswa kwesitokhwe kwimbali ye Ivenkile yentengiso eUnited States.
Kodwa ukuba iyaziwa ngento ethile kwezi ntsuku, kungenxa yokuba imvelaphi eyoyikisayo yento eyaziwa ngokuba yiLa Uxinzelelo olukhulu kwaye ichaphazele ilizwe laseMelika nelaseYurophu. Apho intswela-ngqesho kunye nentlupheko zafakwa kwindawo elungileyo kwezentlalo kwaye ekugqibeleni yaphela ngokufika koorhulumente abangoozwilakhe eYurophu kwaye kamva nophuhliso lweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi eyenzeka phakathi kowe-1941 nowe-1944 neziphumo zazo zonke. yaziwa.
Ukuphazamiseka kwesitokhwe kwi30s
Ewe kunjalo, eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuchaphazeleka kwama-29 yenzekile kwiimarike zesitokhwe ngokungazange kubonwe ukuwa kwexabiso leenkampani ezidweliswe kwingeniso eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yale ntsebenzo imbi kwiimalike zokulingana kwemali, iintsapho ezininzi zalahlekelwa yimali eziyigcinileyo. Inkqubo ye- intlupheko yoluntu yaba ngaphezulu kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwaye yagqithiselwa kwamanye amanqanaba oluntu. Akumangalisi ukuba amaxabiso ezabelo kwimarike yemasheya ebengekho, nangona le meko kunzima ukuyiphinda ukusukela ngoku.
Kwelinye icala, asinakulibala ukuba emva kokuhamba kweempawu ezinjalo, imeko yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo iyafika apho kuvela khona amathuba amashishini amakhulu xa izabelo zikhona amaxabiso ngaphezu kokuhlekisa. Kulapho izandla ezomeleleyo zentengiso zisebenza khona, zisebenzisa eli thuba limangalisayo kodwa likhethekileyo ukuqikelela nokwenza inzuzo entle. Ngelixa icandelo elilungileyo labemi liphulukene phantse nayo yonke into.
Olunye ukonakala kwimbali
Ngayiphi na imeko, iya kuba yimpazamo enkulu ukucinga ukuba ukwaphuka kwama-29 yayisisiganeko esizimeleyo embalini. Ewe kunjalo zininzi iziqendu zolu hlobo nangona khange babenogonyamelo olunje ekubonakaliseni ubungqongqo bayo. Siza kwenza uhlolisiso olufutshane lweziganeko ezenzekileyo kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Azikho zininzi, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda okungakumbi ukuba zimele ntoni iimarike zamasheya namhlanje. Apho mhlawumbi wena ukwazile ukuchitha inxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenkunzi ekhoyo kutyalo-mali.
Ngenxa yokusondela kwayo, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuwa ziye zavela kule minyaka idlulileyo yile ka-2008, eyabangelwa yingxaki yezemali eyaziwayo kwaye iziphumo zayo zisenokuviwa yinxalenye enkulu yabemi. Ukusuka kule meko ngokubanzi, isalathiso semilinganiselo yemarike yaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, yehle phantse nge-10%, kunye neninzi lweemarike zentengiso zehlabathi emva kokungabinamali I-Lehman Brothers nokusasazeka kwengxaki yemali evela eUnited States. Intengiso apho ilahleko zazinkulu ngakumbi, zehla ngaphezulu kwama-20% kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa.
Ukubhiyozela iBrexit
Ngokwayo ayinakuthathelwa ingqalelo njengokuphahlazeka ngokwenyani kwegama, kodwa lelinye lamaxesha apho izilungiso kwimarike yemasheya ziyeyona yomeleleyo embalini. Ngale ndlela, kwanele ukukhumbula ukuba usuku emva kovoto-zimvo lwalungumhla omnyama kwiimarike zesitokhwe zaseYurophu, kwaye kunjalo nakwi-Ibex 35. Isalathiso saseSpain safumana ukuwa okukhulu kwimbali yaso, ngokuhla ngaphantsi ko 13% kwaye ufikelele kumanqanaba asezantsi asondele kakhulu kumanqaku ayi-7.500. Apho bekukho imiboniso yokothuka phakathi kwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi.
Nangona kunjalo, kula maxesha aphindaphindiweyo kukho iindlela ezikhulu zokukhusela kunangaphambili kwaye oku kuncede ukuthintela ukuqina kokuwa kungagungxuli ngala maxesha. Akunanto, ii-odolo zithengisiwe ngekristale ecacileyo xa kuthengwa. Kumanqanaba angazange akhunjulwe iminyaka emininzi, kunye nendlela ekucebisa ngayo ukuba abatyali mali abaninzi baphulukana nemali eninzi ngezo ntsuku zikhethekileyo kwiimarike eziphambili zehlabathi.
Ngomvulo omnyama ezingxoweni
Kutshanje, asinakho ukuwulibala lo msitho wenzeka ngo-1987 kwaye uza kuphinda ungene kwimbali njengenye yezona zinto zimbi kwiimarike zezabelo. Kwakumalunga pUkuwa kwembali ukuwa kwemini enye. Ukubangela ukuhla kweempawu ezikhethekileyo kwaye kwezinye iindawo zamazwe aphesheya kuye kwafikelela kwi-40%. Izizathu zale ntshukumo inobundlobongela ziya kufunyanwa kuvavanyo olugqithisileyo lweemarike zezemali, ingxaki yamatyala, kodwa ngaphezulu kwako konke ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo phakathi kwabatyali zimali kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva kwabakho enye ingozi encinci eyayinamandla amancinci kwaye yenziwa kukusabela okugqithileyo kwiindaba zokuba ukufunyanwa okuxhuzuliweyo akuphumelelanga ukujongana nenkampani yomzali United Airlines. Kwakhona izabelo zeemarike zezemali zehle kakhulu kwakhona, nangona ixesha lazo lalincitshisiwe ngexesha, ngaphaya kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha kwaye nakwimbono esisiseko. Ngayiphi na imeko, lolunye usuku ekufuneka luyilelwe kwimbali yotshintshiselwano lwesitokhwe samanye amazwe.
Ingxaki yemali ka-1997 yaseAsia
Yayiyingxaki yokulingana, kodwa enye ichaphazele amawaka-waka abatyali mali. Ngesi sihlandlo, yaqala kumazwe ivela e-Asiya ukusasazeka kamva kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokoyika usulelo lwezezimali oluya kukhokelela ekuweni. Kwakukho ukuwa okubhengeziweyo kakhulu, kodwa kukuhambelana kweentshukumo ezichazwe ngaphambili. Apho imarike yemali yayiyeyona ichaphazeleka kakhulu kwimisebenzi eyenziwayo.
Kananjalo asinakulibala oko kubizwa ngokuba Ngolwesithathu omnyama kwiimarike zesitokhwe zaseYurophu kwaye kule meko kubangelwe sisigqibo sikarhulumente wase-United Kingdom sokurhoxisa iponti kwi-European Exchange Rate Mechanism. Kodwa ukuba le ngxaki yaziwa ngento ethile, kungenxa yokuba umtyali-mali uGeorge Soros wenza isigidigidi seedola kwinzuzo kwintengiso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Kwinto eyaziwayo ukuba kukho ubuqhetseba kwicala lakhe ngokuchasene nemali yase-Bhritane kwaye ekuthe kuyo lo mlinganiswa womelela kwaye ngakumbi kwizigidi ezininzi kwiakhawunti yakhe yangoku.
Okokugqibela, kufanelekile ukuqaqambisa ifayile ye- Ingxaki yemali yaseRussia Okwenzeka ngo-Agasti 17, 1998. Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwixabiso leoyile kwaba neziphumo ezibi eRashiya nangokongezwa kwezinye iimarike zezemali kwihlabathi. Ngokuwa okubalulekileyo kwimarike yemasheya kodwa eyayinomda kubude bayo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintshukumo zokubaluleka okukhethekileyo. Kwaye ngoku kufuneka silinde kwaye sibone ukuba yeyiphi inyathelo elilandelayo eliza kuba kwiimarike ze-equity ukusukela ngoku. Kwimeko apho unokukhulisa enye imeko yezi mpawu.