Enye yeengqikelelo ezisisiseko zezoqoqosho ekufuneka uzilawule lixabiso lethuba. Yimetric enceda abantu kunye neenkampani ukuba zivavanye ukuba zithini iziphumo zokhetho, kungoko kubaluleke kakhulu, kungekuphela nje kwezoqoqosho, kodwa nakwimali, kwi-macroeconomics ...
Kodwa, Lithini ixabiso lethuba? Yeyiphi imisebenzi enayo? Kukho iintlobo ezininzi? Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into, qhubeka ufunda kwaye uya kufumanisa.
Lithini ixabiso lethuba
Iindleko zethuba, nazo kwaziwa njengeendleko zethuba okanye iindleko ezizezinye luxabiso, enoba luyintsomi okanye yintelekelelo, olungenzelwanga utyalo-mali kwenye into engxamisekileyo okanye ephambili.
Ngamanye amazwi, sithetha ngothotho lwe izibonelelo ezingafunyanwanga ngenxa yokuba siye sarhoxa ngenxa yesinye isigqibo. Umzekelo unokuba nezigqibo ezibini, kwaye unokugqiba kwesinye kuphela. Ixabiso lethuba, okanye ixabiso lolona khetho lungenakufezekiswa, luya kuba lelo ongayi kukhetha lona. Into efana nokukhetha phakathi kokuthenga i-Coca-Cola kunye nebhotile yamanzi; Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uthatha ntoni na, kuya kuhlala kukho iindleko zethuba kuloo mveliso onokuthi unqume ukuyithenga.
El Umyili weli gama wayengusoqoqosho uFriedrich von Wiser, owathi, kwiTheory yakhe yoQoqosho lweNtlalo (ngo-1914) wayichaza njengento eyalahlwayo xa kusenziwa isigqibo. Kuye, kukho inketho enye kuphela enengqiqo, ngelixa ezinye kufuneka zilahlwe, ngoko ke eli gama.
Kwaye kukuba, ngaphandle kwezicelo kwizoqoqosho, ezemali ..., eli gama linokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lomntu.
Iintlobo zeendleko zethuba
Kuba naluphi na ukhetho olwenziwayo phakathi kwezigqibo ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka zenziwe lubandakanya iindleko, iindleko zethuba kuthiwa ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:
Ukunyuka kweendleko zamathuba
Ibhekisa kwezo iindleko eziya kuvela xa izibonelelo, okanye iinketho ezikhoyo, azifaniNgamanye amazwi, azinakulungelelaniswa okanye zenziwe zibe nenjongo kangangoko phakathi kwabalinganayo.
Kule meko, ezo zixhobo zingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye azivelisi. Umzekelo, ukuvelisa imveliso usebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zezibonelelo ezingenalo umgangatho ofanayo nowokuqala, ngendlela yokuba intengiso yehle kwaye izibonelelo ziqale ukusetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko yazo.
Iindleko zamathuba rhoqo
Zibizwa ngokuba ziindleko zeRicardian kwaye zinikwe xa izixhobo zemveliso zitshintshwa ngabanye ngaphandle kokuchaphazela imveliso ngokwayo, kuba zinomgangatho olinganayo.
Sikunika umzekelo ofanayo nangaphambili, lowo wenza imveliso kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokutshintsha ezinye izixhobo okanye iinxalenye zezo zinto zinomgangatho ofanayo kodwa ezizisela izibonelelo ezingakumbi. Kule meko, njengoko ingachaphazeli umgangatho okanye imveliso, kuthiwa kuya kuba yindleko eyamkelekileyo.
Kutheni ixabiso lethuba libaluleke kangaka?
Ukuba ucinga ngayo ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka wenze isigqibo, uphulukana nabanye obashiya ngasemva, kodwa, kunye nabo, kunye neenzuzo obuya kuzizuza, kulo mzekelo sele ilahleko. Ngamanye amazwi, nasiphi na isigqibo osenzayo malunga nabaninzi sizisa iziphumo ezilungileyo nezibi. Kwaye nangona eli ligama elingabizi kakhulu, inyani yeyokuba singayisebenzisa imihla ngemihla.
Ngeendleko zethuba unokuba ne Umbono wokuba yintoni inzuzo elahlekileyo ngokuyeka loo mbono phezu komnye. Yaye inokusenzela ntoni? Kwinqanaba leshishini, ukwenza uthelekiso, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukhetho, ukuze wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, abayi kuthatyathwa ngulowo bathanda kakhulu okanye lowo unengeniso engakumbi xa ujonga kuqala, kodwa kunoko izibonelelo kunye nemiphumo yazo zombini zixatyiswa ukwenza isigqibo.
Ngoku, kuninzi lwezi meko, iindleko aziyi kuba lixabiso lokwenyani kuba zininzi ezinye izinto eziza kudlala. Kodwa ixesha elininzi ukhetho lokugqibela lwenziwa ngoyena unenzuzo enkulu yenkampani.
Lithini ixabiso lethuba kwezemali
Nangona kusenokuba sele kucacile kuwe ukuba liphi iindleko zethuba, kunokwenzeka ukuba, xa kufikwa kwizemali, kunokutshintsha kancinci. Kwaye kukuba kule meko ibhekisela kwinzuzo yotyalo-mali xa kuqwalaselwa ingozi eyamkelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokutyala imali yakho kwiiprojekthi ezimbini (A kunye no-B), enye yazo inokukunika uluhlu lweenzuzo. Nje ukuba ithathiwe, Iindleko zokwenza ezinye izigqibo kunye noko kufunyenwe kunye nokhethiweyo kufuneka kuhlalutywe ixesha elide ukuze kwaziwe ukuba ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwenziwe.
Masiyibone ngomzekelo osebenzayo ngakumbi. Khawucinge ukuba unokhetho lokutyala imali kwizabelo zenkampani okanye ukuqala ishishini lempahla. Ekugqibeleni, uya kufuna iimpahla kwaye uyahlanganisana kwaye usebenze kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, emva konyaka, kuvela ukuba awuzange wenze nayiphi na inzuzo; oko kukuthi, unenzuzo ye-0.
Iindleko zethuba ziya kuhlalutya ukuba zingakanani na izabelo zenkampani ngelo xesha ngendlela yokuba, ukuba zinika ixabiso elilungileyo, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-0, oko kuya kuthetha ukuba ulahlekelwe lithuba, kuba ungazange ukhethe oko. ukhetho . Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba bebengalunganga, kuya kucaca ukuba ivenkile ibe yinto efanelekileyo, nokuba ayibikanga nto kuthi.
Ibalwa njani
Ukuba ngoku uyazibuza ukuba zibalwa njani iindleko zethuba, singakushiya i-equation eya kuba luncedo kwinqanaba lokubonisa ukuze uyiqonde ngokwenene.
Yi le:
Ithuba leendleko = Ixabiso lokhetho ongaluthathiyo - Ixabiso lokhetho olwenzayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngumahluko phakathi koko ubunokukufumana ngokhetho olulahlileyo kunye nalolo uluthathileyo.
Kule meko amaxabiso anokuba:
- Mdala kuno-0. Loo nto ithetha ukuba isigqibo ongasithathanga sisigqibo esingcono kunesi osithathileyo.
- 0. Oko kukuthi, zombini ukhetho kunye nolunye lwalufana (okanye lunokufumana okufanayo, ekubeni udlala ngexabiso eliyintsomi, le ongayithathiyo).
- Ngaphantsi kuka-0. Oko kukuthi, xa oko kuthabatha kuphuma nge-negative, kuya kubonisa ukuba ukhetho oluthathiweyo lwalufanelekile kwaye lukwenze ukuba uphumelele.
Ngaba ngoku icacile kuwe ukuba yintoni ixabiso lethuba? Ngaba uyathandabuza? Ewe, ungacingi ngayo kwaye usibuze.