Izabelo zithengiswa kutshintshiselwano lwezabelo oluchongiweyo (ukutshintshiselana) njengeNational Stock Exchange (NSE) kunye neBombay Stock Exchange (BSE) ukuba zezabanini beenkampani ezithengisa esidlangalaleni. Izabelo zinokuba zezenkampani ezingadweliswanga kwaye zinokurhweba ngasese kwintengiselwano engathengiswanga.
Ukusebenza kwenkampani iyonke, kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngokuthelekisa inxulumene noontanga bayo, kunefuthe kwixabiso lesabelo sayo, nokuba kulungile okanye kubi. Ngelixa umtyali mali ukwazi ukuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye uthengise ngexabiso eliphezuluIimpahla zinokuvelisa inzuzo, ukuba kwenzeka okwahlukileyo, ilahleko yenzekile.
Nangona ingeniso enokubakho iphezulu kutyalo-mali lwe-equity xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimveliso zotyalo-mali, umngcipheko uhlala uphezulu. Izitokhwe zeenkampani ezineeasethi zexabiso eliphezulu zibizwa ngokuba ziinkampani ezinkulu. Iinkampani ezincinci ezinexabiso elisezantsi lotyalo-mali zichongwe njengeenkampani ezincinci neziphakathi.
Amashishini okuthengisa kwimarike yemasheya
Ukutyala imali esitokisini yenye indlela enkulu yokwandisa ubutyebi. Kubatyalomali bexesha elide, amasheya atyalo-mali olulungileyo nakumaxesha okurhabaxa kweemarike- intengiso yemarike esitokhwe njengaleyo siyibonileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo nyaka ithetha nje ukuba izitokhwe ezininzi ziyathengiswa.
Kodwa uqala njani ngokwenene? Thatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukuze ufunde indlela yokutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya.
Thatha isigqibo malunga nendlela ofuna ukutyala imali ngayo
Zininzi iindlela zokusondela kutyalomali kwisitokhwe. Khetha ukhetho olungezantsi olubonisa eyona ndlela ufuna ukutyala ngayo, kwaye ungathanda ukuba nesitokhwe esingakanani ekukhetheni isitokhwe otyale imali kuso.
"Ndiyindidi yokuzenzela kwaye ndinomdla wokukhetha isitokhwe kunye nemali yesitokhwe." Qhubeka ufunda; Eli nqaku liphula izinto abatyali mali abasebenzayo ekufuneka bezazi. Okanye, ukuba sele uwazi umdlalo wokuthenga izitokhwe kwaye ufuna umthengisi omnye, jonga ukujikeleza kwethu abathengisi abaphambili kwi-Intanethi.
"Ndiyazi ukuba amasheya angaba lutyalomali olukhulu, kodwa ndingathanda ukuba umntu othile andiphathele le nkqubo." Unokuba ngumgqatswa olungileyo we-robo-advisor, inkonzo ebonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi kulawulo lotyalo-mali. Phantse zonke iifemu ezinkulu zabarhwebi zibonelela ngezi nkonzo, ukutyala imali yakho isekwe kwiinjongo zakho ezithile. Jonga ezona zikhetho zethu ziphambili zokucebisa ngerobo.
Nje ukuba ukhethe engqondweni, ukulungele ukuthenga iakhawunti.
Vula iakhawunti yotyalo-mali
Ngokubanzi, ukutyala imali kwizitokhwe, udinga iakhawunti yotyalo-mali. Kwiintlobo ezibonakalayo, oku kuhlala kuthetha ukuba yiakhawunti yomrhwebi. Kulabo bafuna uncedo oluncinci, ukuvula iakhawunti nge-robo-advisor lukhetho olunengqondo. Apha ngezantsi sizophula zombini iinkqubo.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Bobabini abathengisi kunye nabacebisi nge-robo bayakuvumela ukuba uvule iakhawunti ngemali encinci kakhulu-apha ngezantsi sidwelise ababoneleli abaliqela abane-akhawunti encinci okanye engekho.
Vula iakhawunti
Iakhawunti yomrhwebi ekwi-Intanethi mhlawumbi inika eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi yokuthenga amasheya, iimali kunye nolunye utyalo-mali. Ngomrhwebi, unokuvula iakhawunti yomhlala phantsi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-IRA- nazi iindlela eziphambili zeakhawunti ye-IRA- okanye ungavula iakhawunti yokurhafisa ukuba sele ulondoloze ngokwaneleyo umhlala phantsi kwenye indawo.
Sinesikhokelo sokuvula iakhawunti yomrhwebi ukuba ufuna ukuntywila nzulu. Uya kufuna ukuvavanya abathengisi ngokubhekisele kwizinto ezinje ngeendleko (iifizi zokurhweba, iifizi zeakhawunti), ukhetho lotyalo-mali (jonga ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwee-ETFs ezingenantlawulo ukuba uthanda imali), kunye nophando lwabatyali mali kunye nezixhobo.
Umcebisi we-robo ubonelela ngezibonelelo zokutyala imali esitokisini, kodwa ayifuni ukuba umniniyo enze umsebenzi oyimfuneko wenkundla ukukhetha utyalo-mali lomntu ngamnye. Iinkonzo zokucebisa ngeRobo zibonelela ngolawulo lotyalo-mali olubanzi: Ezi nkampani ziya kukubuza malunga neenjongo zakho zotyalo-mali ngexesha lokukhwela emva koko wakhe iphothifoliyo eyilelwe ukufezekisa ezo njongo.
Oku kunokuvakala kubiza, kodwa iifizi zolawulo apha ngokubanzi liqhezu leendleko zento eziza kuhlawuliswa ngumphathi wotyalo-mali lomntu: Uninzi lwabacebisi be-robo babiza malunga ne-0,25% yemali eseleyo kwiakhawunti yakho. Ewe-unokufumana i-IRA kwi-robo-advisor if you want.
Olunye ukhetho lotyalo-mali
Yazi umahluko phakathi kwestokhwe kunye nemali yesitokhwe. Yiya kwindlela ye-DIY? Subanexhala. Ukutshala imali kwizitokhwe akufuneki kube nzima. Uninzi lwabantu, ukutyala imali kwimarike yemasheya kuthetha ukukhetha phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zotyalo mali:
- Iimali ezihlangeneyo zesitokhwe okanye iimali ezithengiswayo. Ezi mali zixhasanayo zikuvumela ukuba uthenge iziqwenga ezincinci zamasheya amaninzi kwintengiselwano enye. Iimali zesalathiso kunye nee-ETFs ziluhlobo lwengxowa mali efanayo elandelela isalathiso; Umzekelo, iNgxowa-mali yesiqhelo kunye namahlwempu engama-500 iyayiphinda loo index ngokuthenga izabelo zeenkampani zayo. Xa utyala imali kwingxowa-mali, unamalungu amancinci enkampani nganye. Unokudibanisa iimali ezininzi ukwenza ipotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo. Qaphela ukuba iimali ezihlangeneyo zesitokhwe ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yimali ehambelana nokulingana.
- Izenzo zomntu ngamnye. Ukuba ujonge inkampani ethile, ungathenga isabelo esinye okanye izabelo ezimbalwa njengendlela yokudipha iinzwane zakho emanzini wentengiso yesitokhwe. Kuyenzeka ukuba wenze ipotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo evela kwisitokhwe ngasinye, kodwa kuthatha utyalomali olubalulekileyo.
Uncedo lwezemali ezihlangeneyo zesitokhwe kukuba zahlukile ngokwendalo, okunciphisa umngcipheko. Uninzi lwabatyali mali- ngakumbi abo batyala imali kumhlala phantsi - ipotifoliyo eyenziwe ikakhulu yimali ezihlangeneyo lukhetho olucacileyo.
Kodwa iimali ezihlangeneyo akunakulindeleka ukuba zihlanganisane njengoko ezinye iistokhwe zinokwenzeka. Ukufakwa kwesilivere kwistokhwe ngasinye kukuba ukhetho oluhle lunokuhlawula, kodwa amathuba okuba isitokhwe ngasinye siza kukwenza ube sisityebi mancinci.
Zibekele imali
Abatyalomali abatsha bahlala benemibuzo emibini kweli nqanaba lenkqubo:
- Yimalini endiyidingayo ukuqala ukutyala imali esitokisini? Isixa semali osifunayo ukuthenga isabelo ngasinye sixhomekeke kwindlela ezibiza ngayo izabelo. (Amaxabiso eSitokhwe anokuvela kwiidola ezimbalwa ukuya kumawaka ambalwa eedola.) Ukuba ufuna iimali ezihlangeneyo kwaye unohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluncinci, ingxowa-mali yokurhweba ngokutshintshiselana (i-ETF) inokuba yeyona ikhethekileyo. Iimali ezihlangeneyo zihlala zine- $ 1.000 okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa i-ETFs ithengisa njengesabelo, oko kuthetha ukuba uyayithenga ngexabiso lesabelo esinye - kwezinye iimeko, ngaphantsi kwe- $ 100.)
- Yimalini ekufuneka ndiyityale esitokisini? Ukuba utyala imali ngengxowa-mali - ngaba siye sachaza ukuba le yeyona nto siyithandayo? -Ungaba isahlulo esikhulu kakhulu sepotifoliyo yakho esiya kwiingxowa-mali ze-equity, ngakumbi ukuba unexesha elide. Umntu oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala utyala umhlala-phantsi unokuba neepesenti ezingama-80 zepotfoliyo yakhe kwimali yesitokhwe; enye iya kuba yimali yebhondi.
Qalisa ukutyala imali
Utyalo-mali kwizitokhwe luzele zizicwangciso ezintsonkothileyo kunye neendlela, kodwa abanye babatyali mali abaphumeleleyo benze okuncinci kunokubambelela kwiziseko. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuthetha ukusebenzisa iimali kuninzi lweepotifoliyo yakho - uWarren Buffett uye wathetha ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuba ingxowa-mali enexabiso eliphantsi le-S & P 500 lolona tyalo-mali lubalaseleyo olunokwenziwa ngabantu abaninzi baseMelika- kwaye ukhetha isitokhwe ngasinye kuphela ukuba uyakholelwa ekukhuleni kwexesha elide amandla enkampani.
Ukuba isitokhwe ngasinye sibhenela kuwe, ukufunda ukuphanda ngesitokhwe kuyahlawula. Ukuba ucwangcisa ukugcina imali, injongo yakho kufuneka ibe kukwakha iphothifoliyo elula yexabiso eliphantsi, ukhetho olubanzi.
Zonke ezi ngcebiso zingasentla zokutyala imali esitokisini zijolise kubatyali mali abatsha. Kodwa ukuba kuye kwafuneka sikhethe into enye yokuthetha kubo bonke abatyali mali, kuya kuba yile: Ukutyala imali akukho nzima - okanye kunzima - njengoko kuvakala.
Olunye ukhetho, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ngumcebisi we-robo, oya kukwakhela kwaye alawule iphothifoliyo ngentlawulo encinci. Okukwintsusa: Zininzi iindlela zokutyala imali kwabaqalayo, akukho mava aphambili afunekayo.
Gcina ukuba andinamali ininzi
Kukho imiceli mngeni emibini yokutyala imali encinci. Iindaba ezimnandi? Zombini zilula ukoyisa. Umceli mngeni wokuqala kukuba uninzi lotyalomali lufuna ubuncinci. Okwesibini kukuba kunzima ukwahlula imali encinci. Ukwahluka, ngokwemvelo, kubandakanya ukusasaza imali. Imali encinci onayo, kokukhona kunzima ukuyisasaza.
Isisombululo sabo bobabini kukutyala imali kwi-equity index index nakwi-ETFs. Nangona iimali ezihlangeneyo zingadinga ubuncinci beedola ezili-1,000 XNUMX okanye ngaphezulu, ubuncinci beengxowa-mali zenkxaso-mali zihlala ziphantsi (kwaye ii-ETF zithengwa ngexabiso lentengo elingaphantsi). Abarhwebi ababini, iFidelity kunye noCharles Schwab, banikezela ngenkcazo yemali ngaphandle kwezona zincinci.
Iimali zesalathiso zisombulula ingxaki yokwahluka kuba zibambe isitokhwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwingxowa enye. Into yokugqibela esiza kuyithetha ngale nto: Utyalo-mali ngumdlalo wexesha elide, ke akufuneki utyale imali onokuyifuna kwixesha elifutshane. Oko kubandakanya umqamelo wemali kaxakeka.
Utyalomali olulungileyo kubaqalayo
Ewe, enyanisweni, wonke umntu - abaqalayo ababandakanyiweyo- kufuneka batyale imali ezivenkileni, ukuba nje baziva bekhululekile ukushiya imali yabo ityalwe ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu. Kutheni iminyaka emihlanu? Kungenxa yokuba kunqabile ukuba kwintengiso yesitokhwe ufumane amava okwehla okuhlala ixesha elide kunoko.
Kodwa endaweni yokuthengisa izitokhwe ezizodwa, gxila kwimali yokuthenga kunye. Ngeemali ezihlangeneyo, ungathenga ukhetho olukhulu lwestokhwe ngaphakathi kwengxowa mali.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwenza ipotifoliyo eyahlukeneyo kwisitokhwe ngasinye? Ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa ukwenza njalo kungathatha ixesha elide - kuthatha uphando oluninzi kunye nolwazi ukulawula iphothifoliyo. Iimali zeMali ezihlangeneyo, kubandakanywa iimali zenkcazo kunye nee-ETF, zenzele loo msebenzi.
Zeziphi iimpahla endifanele ukutyala imali kuzo?
Ingcebiso yethu kukutyala imali kwisitokhwe esininzi ngokusebenzisa ingxowa mali mutual, ingxowa mali yesalathiso okanye i-ETF- umzekelo, ingxowa-mali yesalathiso ye-S & P 500 enazo zonke izitokhwe ze-S & P 500. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ujonge ulonwabo ekukhetheni amasheya, anokungasebenzi. Ungayikrweca loo ntsholongwane kwaye ugcine ihempe yakho unikezele nge-10% okanye ngaphantsi kwiphothifoliyo yakho kwisitokhwe ngasinye. Eyiphi? Uluhlu lwethu olupheleleyo lwezona sitokhwe zibalaseleyo, ngokusekwe kwintsebenzo yangoku, zinemibono ethile.
Ngelixa izitokhwe zilungile kubaqalayo kutyalo mali, "ukurhweba" inxenye yesi sicelo mhlawumbi akunjalo. Mhlawumbi sele siliqondile eli nqaku, kodwa ukuphinda: Sincoma kakhulu isicwangciso sokuthenga kunye nokubamba sisebenzisa iimali ezihlangeneyo.
Oko kuchasene ngokuthe ngqo nokuthengiswa kwesitokhwe, okubandakanya ukuzinikezela kunye nophando olukhulu. Abathengisi bempahla bazama ukuthengisa ixesha lokuthengisa ngamathuba okuthenga ephantsi kwaye bathengise phezulu. Ukucaca nje: Injongo yakhe nawuphi na umtyali mali kukuthenga ephantsi kunye nokuthengisa okuphezulu. Kodwa imbali isixelela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze njalo ukuba unamathela kutyalo-mali olwahlukeneyo-njengengxowa-mali efanayo - ixesha elide. Uthethathethwano olusebenzayo aludingeki.
Imakethi yesitokhwe
Abanini bezabelo eziqhelekileyo bahlala benelungelo lokusebenzisa amalungelo abo okuvota ngokunxulumene nebhodi yabalawuli kunye nezinye izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zenkampani. Banokufumana okanye bangafumani izabelo rhoqo. Ibhodi igqiba ubuncinci minyaka le ukuba ihlawule isahlulo kunye nokuba ihlawule malini ngokuxhomekeke kwingeniso yenkampani yokugqibela.
Izabelo eziqinisekisiweyo
Abanini bezabelo abazikhethileyo abanalo ilungelo lokuvota. Nangona kunjalo, izabelo ezikhethiweyo zinikezelwa ngentlawulo eqinisekisiweyo rhoqo kwizabelo ezinkulu kunalezo zifunyanwa ngabanini zabelo eziqhelekileyo. Izitokhwe ezikhethiweyo azithandi ukuya phezulu okanye ezantsi kwixabiso ngokukhawuleza njengamasheya aqhelekileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abatyalomali babaxabise ngezahlulo zabo, hayi ukukhula kwabo.
Oko kwenza amasheya akhethiweyo into ye-hybrid phakathi kwesitokhwe kunye nebhondi. Izabelo ezikhethiweyo ngamanye amaxesha ziyaguqulelwa kwizabelo eziqhelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwikomkhulu labanini zabelo abakhethiweyo kuyeyona nto iphambili kunaleyo yabanini zabelo xa ithe inkampani yaphelelwa.
Utyalomali kwizabelo mali kwaye akwabelwanga mali
Izixhobo zokubuyisa ezisisigxina, njengoko igama lisitsho, zinika abatyali mali inqanaba elimiselweyo (elimiselweyo) lembuyekezo yobomi botyalo mali. Kuba izixhobo zesivuno esisigxina zithathwa njengezikhuselekileyo, zihlala zikhethwa ngabatyali mali abanomngcipheko ophantsi wokutya.
Kwelinye icala, kwimeko yotyalo-mali olunxulumene nemarike, njengotyalo-mali kwi-equity, imbuyekezo ayilungiswanga okanye ayiqinisekiswanga, kodwa ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwempahla yexabiso. Izixhobo ezinxulumene nemarike zingahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: utyalo-mali kwi-equity kunye notyalo-mali olungelolwabiwo. Kwimeko yotyalo-mali kwizabelo, imali ityalwe kwizabelo nakwiziphumo zezabelo zeenkampani ezidwelisiweyo ezingadweliswanga kwimarike yemasheya.
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yotyalo-mali engahambelaniyo ne-capital capital ihanjiswe kwiibhondi (zikaRhulumente okanye zeenkampani), kunye nakwiziqendu zezixhobo zemakethi yemali, ezinje ngeebhili zikaNondyebo, izatifikethi zedipozithi, amaxwebhu orhwebo, izivumelwano zokuthenga kwakhona, njl.
Kuba iintshukumo zorhwebo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintsebenzo yotyalo-mali kwi-equity kunye ne-non-equity investments, olu tyalo mali lubonisa umngcipheko obalulekileyo. La macandelo alandelayo aza kuvavanya ngakumbi iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokutyala imali esitokisini.
Iindidi zotyalo mali
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwicandelo elidlulileyo, utyalo-mali kwi-equity luqulathe ibhaskithi yokhetho lotyalo-mali. Inketho nganye ineseti eyahlukileyo yomngcipheko kunye nembuyekezo. Nazi ezinye zeendidi eziphambili zendlela yotyalo mali yokulingana ekhoyo kubatyali mali.