La qoqosho lwe hlabathi Ijongene ngqo notshintsho olufuna ukulungelelaniswa kunye nolawulo lwamanye amazwe, oluhambelana nemicimbi efanayo njengokuzinza, ezopolitiko, amandla, njl.
Amazwe afuna i Umxube womgaqo-nkqubo elungeleleneyo ukuze bakwazi ukutyhalela uqoqosho lwehlabathi phambili nasekukhuleni, bekwangqinelanisa le mpumelelo nenkqubela phambili kumanqanaba entlalo nakuphuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Kubekho ukwehla kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ixesha elide. Ukukhululeka kurhwebo kuye kwaqhubela phambili kancinci kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo, ngokufanayo ukungaqiniseki okuphezulu kunye nokwakhiwa kweemfuno zehlabathi zizinto ezithintele kakhulu ukukhula kwezorhwebo.
Sele ikwindawo yokugqibela ka-2017, ngokwe Umbutho woBambiswano loQoqosho kunye noPhuhliso (OECD), uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukhawulezise ukukhula kwalo. Ngayiphi na imeko, kunokuthiwa kumodareyitha xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka engaphambi kwengxaki yokugqibela.
I-OECD inike ingxelo yokuphela konyaka ukuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi luza kukhula nge-3.6% kunye ne-3.7% ngo-2018. Ngeli xesha, inqanaba lokukhula okukhawulezayo ukusukela ngo-2010 liyabonakala.
Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho kubonakala kwiplanethi, kunye nokunyuka kwedatha, into ethe yamangalisa abaninzi. Kukho ukutyekela kweenkampani ekutyalomali kwimali eyinkunzi, oku kulungile.
Los iimarike ezikhulayo ngaxeshanye babonisa ukuphucuka okukhulu, ngokufanayo namazwe ahambele phambili.
Ngenxa yokwehla kwamaxabiso ezinto ezingalunganga ezenzeka ngo-2014, imfuno iyonke yafumana ukuwa okukhulu. Namhlanje ukukhula kwemfuno kubonisa iimpawu zokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwezoqoqosho.
Xa imveliso ikhula ngamandla, amathemba omvuzo kwi uqoqosho oluphambili baya kukhula nabo. Ngokunjalo, utyalomali olubanzi kubuntu, kwezentlalo, ngokwasemzimbeni noluntu luyimfuneko kuqoqosho olusakhulayo. Oku kuthethwe nguCatherine Mann, oyintloko wezoqoqosho kwi-OECD.
Uqoqosho olusakhulayo luza kukhokela ilizwe ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi, ngomndilili ongaphezulu kwe-4%.
Nangona iindaba zimnandi, lo mbutho utshilo ukuba akukho miqathango yoku kukhula kugcinwe ngaphaya kwe-2019 kwinqanaba elinokubonakala namhlanje. Ingxaki yezezimali neyoqoqosho edlulileyo ishiye iziphumo ezininzi kwiiarhente zezoqoqosho ngeziphumo ezibalulekileyo ezingasayi kusonjululwa ngokulula.
Ngokwalo mbutho, uninzi lwezithintelo ezikhoyo kumazwe amaninzi sisithintelo esibalulekileyo sokuqhubela phambili kutyalo-mali olungaguquguqukiyo, into ebalulekileyo Ukukhula kwemveliso.
Iirhafu zotyalo-mali ezicingelwayo neziqikelelweyo ziyaqhubeka ukuba sezantsi.
Uzinzo kwezoqoqosho Vs ukubuyiselwa okubonakalayo kugcinwa
Ukwanda kwemveliso yexabiso liphela kunokubonisa uzinzo kwimo yezoqoqosho, kodwa hayi ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Kukho ukungaqiniseki malunga nethemba loqoqosho lomhlaba kunye iingozi ezisezantsi, ukuba kuyenzeka, ukukhula kwehlabathi kuqikelelwa ukuba kungaphantsi kunoko kuqikelelweyo namhlanje.
Ukunqongophala okuhambelanayo kunye nokugxininiswa kwemizamo yomgaqo-nkqubo kwinqanaba lehlabathi kungabonwa ngenxa yokuvuselela kunye nokufumana kwakhona amanqanaba otyalo-mali; ndibuze ukuba ukuba kwenzekile kuya kukhuthaza ukubuyiswa kwemveliso.
Ngaba iinjongo ezinje ngokunciphisa ubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuphelisa okanye ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi onesidima kubemi behlabathi zinokufezekiswa ngale ndlela?
Los Iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo kwaye inkqubela phambili ekufezekiseni oku inokuba yinto enomdla kakhulu kule minyaka izayo.
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela uqoqosho lwehlabathi
Ukwehla kurhwebo lwamazwe aphesheya, ukuthelekiswa okuthe chu kwemveliso phambi kokukhula kwayo, utyalomali kumazinga angafanelekanga kunye namazinga aphezulu etyala angaluchaphazela uqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Izinto zokwenza imveliso kunye nexabiso lazo, elihlala liphantsi ngamanye amaxesha, lenza umonakalo omkhulu kumazwe azithumela ngaphandle.
Impembelelo ezahlukeneyo ungquzulwano ngokwezopolitiko, inokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo nangokunyanzelekileyo imimandla ethile yeplanethi kwimeko yezoqoqosho.
Uninzi loqoqosho oluphucukileyo, kunye nolo lukhulayo, lubonile ukukhula koqoqosho kutyalo-mali kumazwe abo. Iinkampani zithande ukudimazeka ekuphuhliseni utyalo-mali ngelixa iimfuno zehlabathi zihlala zibuthathaka, oku kunokuqiniswa kukungazithembi kwihlabathi kwinqanaba lezopolitiko nelezoqoqosho.
Utyalomali lunokuchaphazeleka nakumazwe apho kunqongopheleyo amathuba ezemali, neemarike ezinzileyo ezingaphuhlisi ngokwaneleyo kunye neebhanki ezinemali ephantsi.
Kumazwe ahambele phambili kuye kwakho umkhwa wokulunciphisa utyalomali lukarhulumente, oku ukusukela ngo-2010, kuyisampulu yomgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlengahlengiswa kwemali ngenxa yokukhula kwetyala loluntu.
Ngenxa yengeniso yemali, evela kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinto ezingafunekiyo zehle kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi, zongeze ukunciphisa utyalo-mali lwabo kwiinkonzo zentlalo, kwiziseko zophuhliso njl.
Ukukhula kumazwe angaphuhlanga kangako
Amazwe amancinci aphuhlileyo, kwixesha elifutshane, abonisa ukukhula okuncinci kunenjongo eqikelelweyo ye Iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo. Olu hlobo lokukhula luyingozi ukuze inkcitho eyimfuneko iphuhliswe kwezemfundo, ezempilo, ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho lwemozulu, njl.
Ukutshintsha okanye ukwahlulahlula ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kuya kuba nzima nangakumbi, yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezi ntlobo zamazwe zisebenza kuphela ngemveliso ezimbalwa kwaye zihlala zingamaxhoba otshintsho lwamaxabiso.
Ukuba iimeko zokukhula ziyaqhubeka ngendlela efanayo naleyo idlulileyo, uninzi lwabemi bala mazwe lungaqhubeka phantsi kwe iimeko zentlupheko egqithisileyo i2030.
Kunzima kakhulu kwezi zizwe zingaphuhlisanga ukudibanisa izixhobo ukwenza utyalomali abalifunayo. Utyalomali lwangaphandle luhlala luphepha ezi ntlobo zamazwe, le nto iyabachaphazela kakhulu.
Ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni
Kufunwa ngamandla ukuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi lufikelele ekuqhubekekeni okuphawuliweyo okanye ekunqunyanyisweni phakathi kokukhula koqoqosho kunye nokwanda kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Nangona kwenziwe inkqubela phambili malunga noku, umoya ovuselelekayo baqhubeka nokudlala indima ekhokelayo encinci ekwakhiweni kwamandla kumhlaba.
Uninzi lwezinto eziphuculweyo eziye zafezekiswa ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo zinokuchaphazeleka kwaye zibuyiselwe umva ngokukhawuleza, ukuba iinzame azidibaniswanga kumacandelo abucala nawoluntu, ukuze amandla ombane anyuswe, kunikwe amandla.
Ngaphandle kwenkxaso nentsebenziswano yamazwe aphesheya, ayinakubakho ukufikelela kugqithiso lwetekhnoloji ecocekileyo kunye nenkxaso-mali eyimfuneko yokuziqhelanisa notshintsho lwemozulu.
Ukuhlanganisa izibonelelo zemali
Ukufezekisa Iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo Utyalomali lwexesha elide luyafuneka. Ukwehla okusasazekileyo ekukhawuleziseni ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kwenza ukwenziwa kolu tyalo-mali kube nzima kakhulu. Inkxaso mali yamanye amazwe iyafuneka, ezi zikhule kumazwe asakhasayo kule minyaka idlulileyo kodwa okuninzi kuyafuneka.
Umngcipheko ophantsi
Kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo iingozi ezisezantsi kwimeko yezoqoqosho kwiplanethi, umba onokuchaphazela ukukhawulezisa kwayo okunokwenzeka. Izigqibo zopolitiko kunye nokumiselwa koqoqosho olukhulu oluphucukileyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo koku.
Ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho kunye noqikelelo
Imeko yezopolitiko kwinqanaba lamazwe aphesheya ivelisa ukungaqiniseki okubonakalayo.
Umzekelo wezi nguqu ezenzekileyo noRhulumente wangoku wase-United States ngokunxulumene norhwebo, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, emva konyulo lukaDonald Trump njengomongameli.
Isigqibo esenziwe yi-United Kingdom sokuyishiya i-European Union kunye neziphumo zayo eYurophu, ikwangumzekelo weenguqu ezibalulekileyo ezivelayo ukungathembani.
Ukungaqiniseki kubangela ukungazithembi nokudideka, ezinokuthi zibune amathemba okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwishishini, kuthintele ukwanda kunye nokuqhubela phambili korhwebo lwehlabathi kwaye kungasichaphazela kwezi mvakalelo kwixesha elifutshane.
Emasangweni ka-2018
Ngeentsuku zokuya esiphelweni sowama-2017, ilizwe lijongeka lilindelwe kwaye liyazibuza ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni kunyaka olandelayo malunga noqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Kukho ithemba elithandwayo yinkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho oluphambili njenge-United States, Japan okanye i-Eurozone; Apho iibhanki ziyaqhubeka nokufaka intsholongwane kwinkqubo. Uqoqosho oluhlumayo olufana neBrazil luye lwafumana ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
Ulwandiso luya kuqhubeka nezifundo zalo ngokucacileyo.
Umbuzo ngowokuba ingaba le meko yangoku yophuculo iza kuhlala ixesha elide. I-IMF ithathela ingqalelo ukwandiswa kokuqhubeka ubuncinci iminyaka embalwa emva kweli nqaku, ngaphandle kokuba kukho iinguqu ezingalindelekanga ngesiquphe.
Ngapha koko, imingcipheko esezantsi ikhona kwaye iza kuqhubeka kunjalo kunyaka ozayo. Iingxaki zopolitiko yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu ezinokuchaphazela ukukhula kwehlabathi.
Ulungelelwaniso lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nentsebenziswano luyafuneka ukuvula indlela yezemali yorhwebo, kugxininiswa kumazwe ahluphekayo eAfrika, amazwe asaphuhlayo kwiziqithi kunye nabanye abasweleyo. Intsebenziswano yamazwe aphesheya kufuneka ibhekiswe nakwezinye iindawo.
Ilizwe ngalinye okanye ingingqi nganye kufuneka yandise iinkqubo zayo kunye namanyathelo, ukufezekisa ukulungelelaniswa neemeko ezithile kwaye kungabikho kuxhomekeka kumgaqo wemali.