Xa uthetha ngecandelo lotyalo-mali, enye yeemveliso ezaziwayo ezikhoyo zibizwa ngokuba ziimveliso zesalathiso. Zezinye zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo kubatyali mali abanazo ngamava amancinci okanye ukufunda kwiimarike zezemali. Zingasetyenziswa kuzo zombini iimveliso zengeniso esisigxina, ezinjengeedipozithi zebhanki zekota kunye needipozithi zomvuzo eziguquguqukayo, apho iimali zotyalo-mali sesinye sezona zinto zibalulekileyo kubo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, ziphinda-phinda ukuvela kweasethi yezemali enxulunyaniswe nayo nganye kwezi mveliso zezezimali.
Indaleko yayo ngokwahlukileyo ngokwahlukileyo kuleyo iveliswe kweyona mveliso iqhelekileyo yotyalo-mali. Ngengqiqo yokuba zibonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuvela kweemarike zezemali. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba babe lolunye uhlobo lokwenyani lokuqalisa ukwenza utyalomali, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthatha umngcipheko ongeyomfuneko ekusebenzeni. Babonakaliswe ngokukodwa ukuba benza imali ngokulondoloza ixesha elide nangaphezulu kwamaxesha amafutshane. Ke ngoko, abamkeli bayo bazikhusela ngakumbi okanye iprofayili yotyalo mali
Enye yeenzuzo zoko kubizwa ngokuba ziimveliso zesalathiso kukuba ngakumbi nangakumbi iimodeli zotyalo-mali ziyavulwa. Azisekho kuthintelwe kwiimali zotyalo-mali, njengoko zazinjalo kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, kodwa ungababhalisela kwi iidipozithi zebhanki zexesha elimiselweyo. Ngenxa yokuba yintoni ekupheleni kosuku kukuphindaphinda i-asethi yemali, nokuba yeyiphi na. Yintsingiselo eyinyani yeemveliso zesalathiso kunye nento onokuxhamla kuyo ukuqala utyalomali lwakho ukusukela ngoku.
Iimveliso ezinesalathiso: iiNgxowa-mali
Bakwi mali mali apho ifilosofi eyinyani yeemveliso zesalathiso yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Kuba, enyanisweni, banokuhlengahlengiswa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwecandelo okanye isalathiso kwii-equities zamanye amazwe. Ayothusi into yokuba unegalelo lokuba kukho isalathiso semali kuso nasiphi na isalathiso esifana nesi Ibex 35 okanye i-S & P500, ukukhankanya nje imizekelo embalwa. Ngomatshini oqondakala ngokulula ngokusekwe ekubeni isalathiso siyenyuka na, ingxowa-mali inyuka ngexabiso ngokulinganayo. Hayi ngendlela eqikelelwayo njengoko kusenzeka kwezinye iintlobo zeemali zotyalo-mali ezingabhaliswanga.
Enye yeenzuzo zayo kukuba imisebenzi yakho ingahanjiswa, zombini kwiimarike kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, nangona ingabokuqala ukubanakho ukuphuhlisa le mveliso yemali. Ngaphezulu kwayo nantoni na yokuyiqesha kwiinkampani zolawulo ezikummandla wethu wesizwe kwaye bakhetha ukukhetha le ndawo. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akukho luhlobo lwezithintelo okanye umda ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha imveliso yotyalo-mali enesalathiso okanye ingxowa mali. Kuphela ezo zenziwe ngabaphathi ngokwabo.
Basilele ukubetha ii-indices
Ewe kunjalo, ukuba le nto uyikhangelayo iyimveliso yokubetha izalathiso, ayisiyiyo enye indlela oyifunayo ngalo mzuzu kanye. Ngenxa yokuba akaze enze imisebenzi ibe nengeniso ngale ndlela, kwaye akenzi njalo isimilo sayo asithobeki kuloo ephawulwe ziimarike zezemali. Ngandlela thile, yindlela otyale ngayo imali yakho ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni amasheya kwimarike yemasheya. Kodwa endaweni yokhuseleko olunye, kwicandelo okanye kwisalathiso sokudibanisa ngempumelelo imali etyalwe. Njengoko uza kubona, kukho umahluko othile owenza iimveliso zesalathiso zahlukile kwicandelo lotyalo-mali.
Ngale modeli yotyalo-mali kulula kakhulu kuwe ukuba uziqhelanise nenyani ephawula iimarike zezemali mihla le. Ngaphezulu kokuthathelwa ingqalelo kobuchwephesha kwaye mhlawumbi nakwindawo yokujonga esisiseko. Ngokomgaqo, oku akunakukunceda okanye kukwenzakalise kakhulu. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, ihambelana nesimbo sotyalo-mali yayahluke kakhulu kwezinye kwaye ayizange ibekho kude kube kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Ewe, ungabaqesha ngaphandle kwengxaki kwicala lakho.
Iikomishini ezisezantsi
Olunye lweempawu ezifanelekileyo zento ekuthiwa ziimveliso zesalathiso kukuba babonisa iikhomishini kunye nenkcitho kulawulo lwabo ifikeleleke ngakumbi kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Oko kukuthi, kuyakubiza imali encinci ukwenza utyalomali kwezi mveliso zikhethekileyo uphambi kwakho. Ewe kunjalo ngaphandle kokuhlawula iikhomishini eziphakamileyo kakhulu kwimali enolawulo olusebenzayo okanye ezinye izinto. Apho inokufikelela rhoqo kwiipesenti ezi-2 kwi-capital capital. Kwisalathiso semali esihlangeneyo ezi ntlawulo zinqabile ukuba zifike kwi-0,80%. Ungagcina ngayo imali eninzi ngokuqesha kwakho.
Ngokumalunga notyalo mali lwendalo enesalathiso, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba zezona zibiza kancinane onokuzifumana kwimarike. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kube lula kuwe yenze inzuzo ngaphambi kwexesha Kwaye xa iikhomishini kunye nenkcitho yezi mveliso zezezimali zithotyiwe. Nokuba yeyiphi na intengiso yemali ojolise kuyo okwangoku. Nangona kufanelekile ukuba iimarike zikazwelonke zinwenwe kancinci ngokubhekisele kwezi ntlawulo. Ukuhlengahlengiswa ngakumbi kwiimfuno zabasebenzisi.
ETF vs iimali zesalathiso
Ii-ETFs, zidweliswe kwiimarike ezilungelelanisiweyo, zinika umtyali-mali ukhetho lokukhetha ukuthenga kunye nentengo yentengiso, bayakuvumela thenga okanye uthengise nangawuphi na umzuzu wosuku. Ngomsebenzi ofana kakhulu nalowo ubonelelwa ngemali yesalathiso, kodwa ngumahluko omkhulu wokuba kule yokugqibela ungagcina imali eninzi kwiikomishini. Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, kunenzuzo ngakumbi ukubhalisela ingxowa-mali yesalathiso kunoluhlu oludwelisiweyo. Nangona yonke into izakuxhomekeka kulindelo lomtyali ngamnye.
Ayilibaleki, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba imali yesalathiso inokuthengwa okanye ithengiswe kube kanye ngosuku Ukungahoyi ixabiso lokuqala urhwebo. Ukusuka kolu luvo lotyalo-mali, zezona mali zifanelekileyo zokurhweba ngokutshintshiselana okanye ii-ETFs kwimisebenzi yakho kwiimarike zemali. Ngamanye amagama, kuya kubakho amanqanaba amaninzi okwoneliseka kuyo nganye kwezi mveliso zimbini zemali kwaye baya kuba nakho ukugqiba ukhetho lwakho ukusukela ngoku. Ngezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, njengokuba kwelinye icala kusengqiqweni ukucinga xa kuthethwa ngeemveliso ezijolise kutyalo-mali yile nto sithetha ngayo ngalo mzuzu.
Izibonelelo zesalathiso
Olu didi lweemveliso zemali luphethe uthotho lwezibonelelo ekufuneka uzazi ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala. Ukuze ngale ndlela, usebenze ngokulula ngakumbi kunye nabo kwaye ungafumana okuninzi kwimisebenzi yakho. Ngayiphi na imeko, bakuphathela ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo sikubhengeza apha ngezantsi.
- yakhe ngexabiso eliphantsi kunezinye iimveliso zezezimali kwaye azizukufuna ukuba ujongane nekhomishini eziphezulu, njengoko kwelinye icala kuyenzeka nezinye iimodeli zotyalo-mali.
- Ukubeka iliso kwayo kulula kakhulu ukusukela oko phinda ngokuchanekileyo ii-indices ze-equity, kungabikho nakuphi na ukwahluka njengoko kunjalo kwimali ethe kratya yotyalo-mali. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba baya kufuna umzamo omncinci wokuqinisekisa indaleko yabo.
- yakhe iimveliso ezilula kakhulu ezingadingi kufundwa ngokukodwa. Zilungelelaniswe kuzo zonke iiprofayili zabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalo naliphi na ixesha unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yokuziqonda ngokuchanekileyo.
- Zinobuchule obuninzi ngengqondo yokuba zenziwe okwexeshana. Kwelinye icala, baqala kulawulo oko kukuthi uninzi lwezinto ezintsha kwaye oko kuphakamisa iimbono ezintsha kutyalo-mali. Iinkampani zolawulo zinomthengi abathengi bazo umnikelo wesalathiso semali otyala imali kwimarike yaseSpain, yaseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe.
Ukungancedi kwale mveliso
Izalathiso, kwelinye icala, azikuvumeli ukuba uphambuke kwindalo yee-indices. Kuqhelekile ukuba ezinye iimali zotyalo-mali zinokubetha isalathiso abazilandelayo okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Ngale ndlela, ziyimveliso zezemali kakhulu ezingalindelekanga ngakumbi kuzo zonke iindawo zokujonga. Banokukunika isimanga esingaqhelekanga, zombini ngendlela enye nenye. Into engenzekiyo ngeemveliso zesalathiso okanye iimali. Ukusuka kule meko, kunzima ngakumbi ukufumana uphononongo olukhulu kwaye ngendlela ethile nangalindelekanga.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka kwacaca ukuba kwithuba elide Bambalwa abatyali mali okanye iimali ezilawulwa ngokukuko ezikwaziyo ukubetha ii-indices, oko kukuthi, kwixesha elide kunzima kakhulu ukuphucula inzuzo ebonelelwa zii-indices. Zeziphi izalathiso ezikunikezelayo zingaphezulu kwako konke ukhuseleko ngakumbi ukwenza utyalomali kuba uyazi ngalo lonke ixesha ubonakalisiwe. Ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lokutenxa kwiiasethi zemali ezikhethwe ngabatyali mali.
Ayothusi into yokuba le yeyona nto ibalaseleyo ekubhexeni le modeli ukwenza ukonga kunenzuzo kwaye ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha. Nangona ukuphela kosuku kufanele ukuba ube nguwe ekufuneka ujongane nesigqibo sokuba kufanelekile na kuwe ukuba uqeshe enye yezi mveliso zemali. Ukuze ibhalansi yokujonga iakhawunti yakho iphucule unyaka nonyaka.