Uqoqosho lwabantsundu asiyonto ivele kutshanje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Kwaye ayikhetwanga eSpeyin kuphela; eneneni ijikeleze umhlaba ixesha elide, elide. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokuhambisa imali inokugqibela ngokuzisa iziphumo ezibi kwilizwe.
Kodwa, Yintoni kanye kanye uqoqosho lwabantsundu? Yahluke ngantoni kuqoqosho olungekho mthethweni okanye olungekho sikweni? Unayiphi imiphumo? Siza kujongana nayo yonke loo nto kunye nokunye okuninzi apha ngezantsi.
Yintoni uqoqosho lwabantsundu
Uqoqosho lwabantsundu kufuneka luqondwe njengendlela "yemali emnyama" ehamba ngayo kwilizwe. Ngamanye amagama, iyakhankanya intengiselwano ezohlukeneyo zoqoqosho ezenziwa phakathi kweenkampani, abantu, njl. kwaye azichazwanga kubaphathi abafanelekileyo bezemali okanye abezemali.
Un umzekelo woqoqosho lwabantsundu inokuba yile ilandelayo:
Khawufane ucinge ukuba ungumzobi. Uyenza loo nto kwaye unabaxhasi obabizayo ngeenkonzo zakho. Nangona kunjalo, omnye wabathengi ugqiba kwelokuba akuhlawule ngekheshi kwaye akafuni i-invoice okanye nantoni na ebonisa ukuba umsebenzele. Kwaye uyayamkela, kodwa awuyibhengezi loo mali kuba awunyanzelekanga ukuba uyithethe.
Oku kunxulumene, ke ngoko, ne "intlawulo ku-B", njengemali efunyenweyo "phantsi kwe-hood" okanye ngeendlela ekunzima kakhulu ukuzilanda (ngesiqhelo imali esesandleni, kuba yile ndlela awunyanzelekanga ukuba uzithethelele ngayo. ()).
Kwaye nangona ekuqaleni uqoqosho lwangaphantsi komhlaba yayiyeyona yayijolise kwimisebenzi yayo kwintengiso yeziyobisi, ukurhweba ngabantu kunye nentengiselwano yorhwebo apho irhafu yayingahlawulwanga khona, ngoku bakwalatha kwamanye amacandelo aqhelekileyo: iinkonzo, ukutya, njl.
Ngaphantsi komhlaba, uqoqosho olungekho mthethweni nolungekho sikweni
Enye yeentsilelo xa kuziwa ekuqondeni umxholo woqoqosho lwesithunzi kukubhidanisa uhlobo lwentengiselwano olunokufumaneka "kwintengiso emnyama", Oko kukuthi:
- Uqoqosho olungekho mthethweni, ukuba ziitransekshini ezenziwa kunye nezinto ezingavumelekanga, ezinjengezixhobo, abantu, iziyobisi ...
- Uqoqosho olungekho sikweni, ezinokuba yimicimbi, nangona isemthethweni, engabhengezwanga.
Ngokwenyani, uqoqosho lwangaphantsi komhlaba zizinto zonke, zombini azikho mthethweni kwaye azikho sesikweni, kuba bayinxalenye yeqela elikhulu eliyibumbayo, kwaye nangona igama elithi "imakethi emnyama" libhekisa ngakumbi kuqoqosho olungekho mthethweni, inyani kukuba Imarike yemihla ngemihla kukwakho nobukho obuqingqiweyo boqoqosho olungacwangciswanga (kwaye ke olungene).
Izinto ezibangela uqoqosho B
Kutheni kuvele uqoqosho lwabantsundu? Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu, kwaye kuya kubakho abaninzi abathandayo kwaye abanye bayayichasa. Izizathu ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ukwelinye icala okanye kwelinye, oko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ungumthengi okanye ungumthengisi.
Ukuba ungumthengi, izizathu zokuba kutheni ungakhetha uqoqosho lwabantsundu unga:
- Fumana imveliso ngexabiso eliphantsi.
- Fumana iimveliso ezingenakuthengwa ngenye indlela (ngokusemthethweni).
Como umthengisi, izizathu ziyafana:
- Thengisa ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ngenxa yoko ubuninzi obukhulu.
- Ukungafuneki ukuba uthethelele loo mali.
- Musa ukuhlawula irhafu kuloo mali, ehlala "yonke into" kumthengisi.
Ngaphandle kwako konke oku kungasentla, kufuneka sikhumbule oko sasikuthethile ekuqaleni: uqoqosho lwabantsundu lunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwilizwe lethu. Kwaye siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi.
Iziphumo ezinokuphelisa ilizwe
Kwabaninzi, inyani yokuhlawulisa into kwaye uyazi ukuba awunyanzelekanga ukuba uyixele okanye uhlawule irhafu yento ethile umsebenzi kunye nomgudu owenziwe nguwe yenza ingqiqo enkulu. Ingxaki kukuba, Ukuba sonke sikwenzile oko, ngekhe kubekho zibhedlele, akukho ndlela, akukhoMpilo ... Kuba akukho mntu uzakufaka isandla kwilizwe ukuze kwenziwe ezi zinto.
Esona sesona siphumo sikhulu kuqoqosho lwabantsundu, ayisiyiyo into yokuba irhafu iyaqokelelwa, kodwa kulahleko lwemali eqokelelweyo ukuze ikwazi ukutyala imali ekuphuhliseni ilizwe kunye nokwenza uphuculo into elungileyo.
Kucacile ukuba uqoqosho lwangaphantsi komhlaba ngokwalo luvelisa umsebenzi; kodwa ngexabiso leminye imisebenzi ethi shwaka. Kwaye kukuba iinkampani, kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza ngokusemthethweni, abahambelana neerhafu, iintlawulo, njl. Abakwazi ukukhuphisana nabanye abaneendleko eziphantsi, bezinyanzela ukuba bavale, banikezele.
Kwimeko karhulumente, ilahlekelwa ngumvuzo, ezo zinokusetyenziselwa iinkonzo zabemi, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ilizwe liqala ukuswela eyona nto umntu anokuyidinga kakhulu.
Kodwa kwinqanaba ngalinye kukho iziphumo ezibi. Kwaye kunjalo Abo bantu basebenzayo abanalungelo lokungabikho kwemisebenzi, okanye umhlala phantsi xa kukho imfunekokuba, ngenxa yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, loo mntu khange asebenze kwaye, ke, akukho nto ihambelana naye.
Ngokucacileyo, ukuba 'ubanjiwe' wenza ubuqhetseba boqoqosho lwabantsundu ayizukuthetha isohlwayo 'esithambileyo'. Unokujamelana nezohlwayo kwanokuvalelwa entolongweni ngokusebenzisa ezi zinto zingekho mthethweni. Kwaye hayi, inkonzo oyinikezelayo ayikho mthethweni (ngaphandle kwemizekelo esiyibonileyo yoqoqosho olungekho mthethweni), kodwa kunjalo, kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuphepha irhafu.
Esinye seziphumo eziveliswe luqoqosho lwangaphantsi komhlaba luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abathengi; kwaye kunjalo Akunakubanga nantoni na kumthengisi kuba abanasiqinisekiso kananjalo iirisithi zale nkonzo okanye loo mveliso, ke ukuba ayiphumeleli, yaphulwe, yabhalwa okanye yabiwa, baba ngamaxhoba "obuqhetseba" babo.
Uqoqosho lwabantsundu eSpain
ESpain, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ibine-21% ye-GDP yezoqoqosho lwabantsundu, eli nani liphezulu (kwaye sihlala sithetha ngengqikelelo kuba asazi ngqo ipesenti yento engenakho ukuzithethelela). Iingxaki zonyusa uqoqosho lwangaphantsi komhlaba, hayi kwiimveliso ezingekho mthethweni kuphela, kodwa nakwizinto ezingekho sikweni, kuba befuna ukufumana imali ngaphandle kokuhlawula irhafu.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iindlela zokhuselo sele zimiselwe kwaye zilawulwa ngokucokisekileyo ukuthintela ubukho beli hlobo loqoqosho, iyaqhubeka ukubakhona elizweni kwaye, okoko oorhulumente behlabathi babeka "iliso" labo ekupheliseni, isikhundla ISpain ngokubhekisele kwabanye ayifani kakhulu. Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba sisafana? Ewe nohayi.
Kukho uqikelelo lokuba, phakathi kwezigidi ezibini nezisihlanu zabantu basebenza kuqoqosho lwangaphantsi komhlaba, Kungenxa yokuba benza imisebenzi kamva abangayichaziyo, okanye ngenxa yokuba bathengisa iimveliso ezingekho mthethweni. Inyani yokuphepha ukuhlawula irhafu, kunye nemigaqo yezabasebenzi inokubangela iziphumo ezibi kwilizwe, kuba isiba mpofu.
Okwangoku, kukho amanyathelo ngokuchasene nobuqhetseba bebhanki, ukupheliswa kweebhili zexabiso eliphezulu, ukuhlolwa kwamaxesha ngamaxesha kwi-accounting, ukupheliswa kwentlawulo yemali, njl. Konke oku kubambezela uqoqosho lwabantsundu. Kwaye nangona oko kunciphisile kwaye kwacothisa intengiselwano kancinci, isekhona eSpain, njengakwamanye amazwe ehlabathi.