Enye yeedatha ezifanelekileyo ezoqoqosho Yeyona ibhekisa kwimisebenzi yomsebenzi. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elinokuthi libe nefuthe kwikamva leenkampani ezidweliswe kwiimarike zezabelo. Hayi phantsi kobunzima obukhulu, kodwa ubuncinci ukuze ube neparitha enye ukuya yenza izigqibo zakho utyalomali ukusukela ngoku. Ingakumbi kumacandelo afana namaqela ezemali, iibhanki kunye nalawo anobudlelwane obukhulu kwimidla kaRhulumente. Akumangalisi ukuba, ngokusekwe kwidatha yentswela-ngqesho, oorhulumente bakhetha isicwangciso esinye okanye esinye kumgaqo-nkqubo wabo wezoqoqosho. Kulapho ezi nkcukacha zentswela-ngqesho zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukusuka kulo mthombo wohlalutyo, iimarike zezemali azihlali zixhasa amanani aphezulu okungaqeshwa. Kodwa endaweni yokuchasana, banokuba sisiseko sokugcina ukonyuka kwee-indices zesitokhwe. Kwelinye icala, awungekhe ulibale ukuba ukuncitshiswa kwabasebenzi kwiinkampani ezidwelisiweyo kuhlala kubuliswa ukunyuka okubanzi kumaxabiso esitokhwe. Esi sisenzo esenziwe ngokubanzi kubo bonke kuba bafuna ukuqhubeka nokukhula kwiiakhawunti zabo zeshishini. Ngelishwa, imeko yomntu ayibali njengoko iimarike zezemali zingaziqondi iimvakalelo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ngokunjalo, iimarike zokulingana zibhiyozela amanani abantu abangaphangeliyo ngamandla amatsha. Ngokukodwa xa kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke le nto ngenxa yefuthe layo eluntwini nakuqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ngesizathu esicace gca kwaye kungenxa yokuba baninzi abantu kwimisebenzi yomsebenzi ekugqibeleni ichaphazela ukusetyenziswa. Kwaye le nto ihlala ifunyanwa kakuhle ziimarike zezemali. Nokuba kukwimakethi yesitokhwe sikazwelonke okanye ngaphandle kwemida yethu. Ngale ndlela, enye yezona nkcukacha zilindelwe ngabatyali mali zivela eUnited States kwaye zezona zibhekisa kumabango eveki nganye yokungaphangeli. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba impembelelo yayo kwimarike yemasheya ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuphuculwa kwengqesho ngo-2017
Idatha yamva nje ebonelelwe luPhando lwaBasebenzi (i-EPA) olwenziwe liZiko leSizwe lezeNkcukacha-manani (i-INE) libalaselisa oku ukubuyela emsebenzini eSpain kunyaka ophelileyo. Xa kungqinwa kwingxelo yayo ukuba inani labantu abaqeshiweyo lenyuke ngama-235.900 abantu kwikota yesithathu yowama-2017 kwaye bema kuma-19.049.200, elona nani liphezulu ukusukela kwikota yesithathu yonyaka ka-2009. Ireyithi yengqesho (ipesenti yabantu abaqeshiweyo ngokubhekisele kubemi abaneminyaka eli-1,25 nangaphezulu) ime kuma-16%, nto leyo ebonisa ukwanda kwamakhulu ama-49,27 xa kuthelekiswa nekota edlulileyo. Ngokwahluka konyaka, eli nqanaba lenyuke ngamanqaku e-57.
Ngesondo, ingqesho inyuke kule kota ngama-163.600 emadodeni kunye nama-72.300 kubafazi. Ngobuzwe, ingqesho ikhule ngabantu abangama-196.600 phakathi kwabaseSpain kunye nama-39.300 kubantu bamanye amazwe. Ngobudala, ukonyuka okukhulu kwengqesho kule kota kwaqwalaselwa phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-24 (101.000), kwiqela elineminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu (39.800) nakwabo baneminyaka eli-16 ukuya kweli-19 (36.900). Kwelinye icala, kwiqela lama-30 ukuya kuma-34 ubudala, inani labantu abaqeshiweyo lehle nge-12.400. Kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo, ingqesho inyuke ngabantu abangama-521.700 (amadoda angama-307.700 kunye nabafazi abangama-213.900). Ireyithi ye- Umahluko ngonyaka lokuhlala ngabantu yi-2,82%, emele ukunyuka kwamakhulu amabini xa kuthelekiswa nekota edlulileyo.
Icandelo leenkonzo ngaphambili
Uphando lwaBemi oluSebenzayo lukwagxininisa ukuba kulo nyaka uphelileyo yayilicandelo leenkonzo elinike eyona misebenzi kuyo yonke indawo yoluntu oluzimeleyo. Kucacile ukuba inani labantu abaqeshiweyo liyanda kule kota kwiinkonzo (236.400 ngaphezulu), kwiShishini (34.100) nakuKwakha (21.000) kunye nokuhla kwezoLimo (55.500 ngaphantsi). Kunyaka ophelileyo, ingqesho inyukile kuwo onke amacandelo: kwiiNkonzo kukho abantu abangama-301.700 abaqeshiweyo, kwiShishini 139.400, kuKwakha ezingama-47.400 nakuzoLimo ezingama-33.200.
Ngokumalunga nokuqeshwa ngokusisigxina, inyuke ngabantu abangama-380.200, ngokwengxelo ye-EPA, ngelixa inani labasebenzi bexeshana lehle nge-144.300. Ipesenti yabantu abaqeshiweyo abasebenza isigxina yehla ngama-95, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14,31%. Kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo, ingqesho esisigxina inyuke ngabantu abangama-493.000 kunye nengqesho yexeshana ngama-28.700.
Inani elingaphezulu labasebenzi
Inani labarhola imivuzo likhule kule kota ngama-216.400. Abo banesivumelwano esisisigxina bonyuke ngama-67.500 148.900 kwaye abo banesivumelwano sexeshana nge-57. Ireyithi yengqesho yexeshana inyuka ngamakhulu ama-27,38, ukuya kuma-12%. Kwiinyanga ezili-502.000 ezidlulileyo inani labasebenzi lenyuke ngama-299.300. Ingqesho esisigxina inyuke ngabantu abangama-202.700 kunye nengqesho yethutyana ngama-21.000. Inani elipheleleyo labasebenzi abaziqeshileyo likhule ngabantu abangama-177.600 ngokwahluka kwekota. Ingqesho yabucala inyukile kule kota ngabantu abayi-15.987.200, beme nge-58.300, 3.062.100. Ingqesho yoluntu iyenza kuma-XNUMX, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-XNUMX.
Ngesini, inani lamadoda angasebenziyo incitshiswe ngama-90.700 kule kota, bemi kwi-1.810.700. Phakathi kwabasetyhini, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwehla ngama-91.900, ukuya kwi-1.921.100. Inqanaba lokungaphangeli kwabasetyhini lehle ngama-84ths kwaye lema kwi-18,21%, ngelixa iqondo lamadoda lehle ngama-83th lamawaka laza lema kwi-14,80%. Ngobudala, ukwehla kwentswela-ngqesho kule kota kugxilwe kubakaki beminyaka engama-25-54 (159.800 yabantu abangaphangeliyo). Ngokwenxalenye yayo, inani labantu abangasebenziyo lenyuke nge-9.200 phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka eli-16 ukuya kweli-19. Ngobuzwe, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwehle ngabantu abayi-160.900 phakathi kwabantu baseSpain nangama-21.700 kubantu bamanye amazwe. Izinga lokungaqeshwa kwabantu baseSpain li-15,52%, ngelixa abemi bangaphandle beyi-22,70%.
Isiganeko sokungabikho kwemisebenzi kwimarike yemasheya
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ikhonkco phakathi kwentswela-ngqesho kunye neemarike zokulingana alikho ngqo. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, kubonakala ngenxa yeziphumo ezinazo kwezinye iinkalo zoqoqosho ngokubanzi. Olunye lwezi zinto lubangelwa yimpembelelo enokuthi ibe nayo ekukhuleni koqoqosho. Eli sisiqwenga solwazi ukuba iinkampani zorhwebo esidlangalaleni ziqhelekile kuzo. Kuba amazinga aphantsi kakhulu okungaqeshwa ahambelana namaxesha ukwandiswa koqoqosho. Apho ukunyuka kweemarike kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwiindices ezininzi.
Kwelinye icala, ikwabonakaliswa kwindima edlalwa yi ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Isalathiso sexabiso somthengi siyahluka apho zonke iimarike zentengiso zehlabathi zisalindelwe. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kuthathwe isigqibo sokuba banyuke okanye behle kwaye ngale ndlela ubekwimeko engcono yokwenza ukonga kunenzuzo phantsi kobuchule obukhulu. Impendulo ikhawuleza kwidatha nganye eza kwiimarike zezemali. Akumangalisi ukuba uyakuhlala ulumke kakhulu ukuba umnqweno wakho kukuvula izikhundla kwizabelo. Ngaphezulu kwedatha yezoqoqosho yokubaluleka okukhethekileyo.
Ukudibanisa intswela ngqesho emakhaya
Ukubhekisa kwakhona kuPhando lwaBasebenzi olwenziwe liZiko leLizwe lezibalo, ivelisa olunye ulwazi olunomdla ngokubhekisele kunyaka ophelileyo. Ayikho enye ngaphandle kwenani lamakhaya inyuka nge-10.100 kule kota kwaye ime kwi-18.515.300. Kwezi, ezingama-4.729.200 zizezona zodwa ezizezobunini. Amakhaya onawo onke amalungu asebenzayo angaphangeliyo anciphise le kota ngama-83.700, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.193.900 iyonke. Kwezi, ezingama-309.300 zizezona zodwa ezizezobunini.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, inani lamakhaya apho onke amalungu asebenzayo aqeshwe khona lenyuke nge-134.100, laya kwi-10.235.300. Kwezi, i-1.900.500 kukuphela kobunini bezinto. Xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka, inani lamakhaya ane-asethi enye ubuncinci apho zonke ii-asethi zingasebenziyo lehlile ngama-244.400, ngelixa abo banazo zonke ii-asethi zabo eziqeshiweyo bekhule ngama-412.300. Umahluko wonyaka, ukonyuka okukhulu kokuhlala kwabonwa e-Andalusia (111.200 ngaphezulu), eComunidad de Madrid (109.400) naseCatalonia (92.700). Kwelinye icala, ukwehla okukhulu kwinani labantu abaqeshiweyo kwakuseCastilla y León (6.100 ngaphantsi).
Ubudlelwane ngqo kwimarike yemasheya
Enye into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili kukuba akukho nkampani eqokelela le datha ifunyenwe kwinqanaba lengqesho kwizicatshulwa zayo. Ngale ndlela, kunokuthiwa ayisiyo-asethi ethengiswa njengezinye iiparameter zoqoqosho. Umzekelo, ukufika kweendwendwe, ukonyuka kweendleko zokuhlala okanye amanqanaba elizwe. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kunokubakho ukunyuka okuphezulu kwii-equities ngexesha lokungaphangeli okuphezulu. Ayothusi into yokuba bambalwa kakhulu abameli bezemali abajonga lo mahluko yenza izigqibo zakho, ngandlel 'ithile. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwiimarike zemali njengedatha engathathi hlangothi. Ukuba akukho nayiphi na impembelelo kwizicatshulwa.
Akukho buhlobo ngokuthe ngqo apho ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kukhokelela ekunyukeni ngokuthe nkqo kwii-equities. Kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, yiparameter enceda ekuphuculeni umda wenzuzo yeenkampani. Nangona iphantsi kobunzulu obuncinci bokuxabiseka kwaye oko akubonakali kwixabiso lamaxabiso. Nangona kuhlala kulungile ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo ekusebenzeni kwiimarike ze-equity.