Ngaphakathi kwisicwangciso thenga ubambe, Enye yezinto ezixatyiswe kakhulu ngabatyali mali abancinci uyifumana njani inzuzo yexesha elide. Loluphi uhlobo lwezokhuseleko onokukhetha kulo? Okanye ngaba umdla wakho ubeka umngcipheko omninzi? iindlela yeza ntoni abathengisi. Ewe kunjalo, olu hlobo lweenjongo lufuna uthotho lweendlela ekufuneka zifezekisiwe kwaye esiza kukucacisela ngeli nqaku.
Ngokubanzi, iiseva ezijolise kweli xesha lesigxina zineprofayile echazwe kakuhle. Aba ngabatyalomali abalondolozayo, abathi bafuna ukhuseleko ngaphezu kwenzuzo ngokwayo. Bajolise kukhuseleko oluluhlaza kakhulu, olubandakanyiweyo kwizalathiso eziphambili zentengiso yesitokhwe, kungekuphela kuzwelonke, kodwa nakwezinye iindawo. Kwaye kuyo nayiphi na imeko babaleka kwizindululo eziyingozi kakhulu ezimelwe ngamaxabiso aqikelelweyo.
Nje ukuba uhlalutye indlela abatyali mali abafuna ngayo inzuzo yexesha elide, iya kuba lixesha lokugxila kukoluphi udidi lwezokhuseleko ezenza ipotifoliyo yakho yotyalo-mali. Iitshipsi eziluhlaza yenye yeendlela ozithandayo, kwaye zikho kwimidlalo yakhe emininzi. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba la maxabiso amele abo banobunzima obuphezulu besalathiso esikhethiweyo selizwe, esaziwa njenge-Ibex 35. I-BBVA, iSantander, iIberdrola, i-Endesa kunye neRepsol ngamalungu ayo.
Ixabiso lokuzikhusela kakhulu
Ukhuseleko olufumana imisebenzi yabo aliboneleli ngokuhla okukhulu kumaxabiso abo. Ayilolize phakathi kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye nawona asezantsi amaxabiso abo kwiseshoni enye yokuthengisa awuniki mahluko mkhulu. Enye yegalelo lakhe kukuba liqela lezenzo nikezela ngesivuno esiphezulu senzuzo. Ngenzuzo engaguquguqukiyo kunye nonyaka ephakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-8%, ngentlawulo enye okanye nangaphezulu ngonyaka. Lo mvuzo kubanini zabelo wenza ukuba umtyali mali abe ngumvuzo osisigxina kwisahluko.
Isizathu sesi sicwangciso sotyalo-mali kwinzuzo yexesha elide kungenxa yokuba sidlula kwimida yenzuzo ebuthathaka enikezelwa ngoku ziimveliso eziphambili zokonga (iidiphozithi, amanqaku ezithembiso zebhanki, ityala loluntu, njl. Kwaye nangayiphi na imeko, ungagqithi ngaphezulu kwe-0,50%. Njengomphumo womgaqo-nkqubo wezemali we-European Central Bank (ECB) ukwehlisa ixabiso lemali. Kwaye oko kukhokelele ekubeni ibe kwi-0%. Into engazange yenzeke kumgaqo-nkqubo woqoqosho loluntu.
Amanye amaxabiso olondolozo abakhetha kuwo abo batyalomali ngalawo avela kumacandelo azinzileyo, kokubini kwimigangatho yeshishini nakumaxabiso abo. Phakathi kwabo, unikezelo lwamandla, oohola bendlela, ngakumbi iinkampani zombane.. Ngokuchanekileyo le yokugqibela inomfanekiso obanzi nolwahlukileyo: IGesi yendalo, i-Endesa, i-Iberdrola, i-Enagás kunye ne-Red Eléctrica Española, phakathi kwabanye. Abasileli kwiphothifoliyo yekota yezi mpawu. Ayothusi into yokuba zibonelela ngozinzo olukhulu kulondolozo lwabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi.
Zithini iinjongo?
Ukuphuhlisa kunye nokugcina isicwangciso-qhinga senzuzo sexesha elide kufuna iimpawu ezichazwe kakuhle, ekungafanelekanga ukuba uzijonge xa usenza isicwangciso sakho. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uchaze isigxina kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngelona xesha liphezulu eliphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 phantse, apho kunokukhethwa khona ukhuseleko kunye nenzala eyonyukayo, phantsi kobuncinci benkunzi obuya kusekelwa kulingano olunikelwe kule misebenzi kwiimarike zesitokhwe.
Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuhambisa olu hlobo lotyalo-mali kukuvumela ukuba uqhutyelwe kukunyaniseka kwamaxabiso. Ke ukuba njengoko le migaqo inde, inzuzo iya iba nomtsalane ngakumbi, nangona kwipesenti ingabambeki kangako ekwenzeni imisebenzi emikhulu. Ewe kunjalo, okoko nje kungakhange kubekho siganeko senzekayo esenza ukuba iimarike zentengiso zishukume, njengoko kwenzekileyo ekuqaleni kwentlekele yoqoqosho yokugqibela, ngo-2007.
Kutyalo-mali lwexesha elide awuzukufumana luvavanyo lwayo nayiphi na into ebalulekileyo, ubuncinci obunokukwenza ukuba ube ngusozigidi. Ayothusi into yokuba uninzi lwamatyala malunga Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali iyonke ityalwe. Ukufumana imbuyekezo engaphezulu kwengeniso esisigxina, kwaye kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuthatha umngcipheko ogqithileyo. Ayinamsebenzi kuba uhamba neenkqubo apho uya kuphulukana nenxalenye yegalelo lakho. Kuya kubakho iminyaka engaphezulu yokuyifumana kwakhona, kwaye kwaye inyuse.
Yeyiphi i-psychology ekufuneka unayo kule mi sebenzi?
Ukwehla kwamazinga enzala kutsha nje kuye kwaneziphumo eziphambili zokuhla kwinzuzo yedipozithi yebhanki. Kwaye esinye seziphumo zayo kukuba Ukuphambukiswa kwenxalenye elungileyo yokonga kwii-equities, ngakumbi kwimarike yemasheya. Kodwa kuya kufuneka ugcine uthotho lwezenzo ezingaqhelekanga ekusebenzeni kwethutyana, kwaye ezifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwicala lakho.
Akufanele ujolise kwiintshukumo ezithile zeemarike zezemali, kuba ayizonjongo. Kusenokuba bubulumko ukungayikhathaleli imisebenzi yakho njengoko becinga ngamaxesha aphezulu okugcina. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungabhalisi izabelo zenkampani ezinxaxhileyo, kwaye zinokuphela ziphume ngenxa yolawulo lwazo. Ukuzinza ngakumbi kweenkampani, kokukhona kuya kuba bhetele kwimidla yakho. Ukuzinza yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka uyijongile xa ukhetha izinto ozikhethile.
Iimpawu zala magama
Njengamanye amacebo otyalo-mali, olu khetho kwii-equity luthotho lwezibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga ekufuneka uzazile. Kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kuya kuxhomekeka kwiprofayili oyivezayo njengomtyali mali ophakathi. Ujongene nale meko, ebonisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kwiimarike zesitokhwe, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokuhlalutya izibonelelo zabo. Kwaye apho izibonelelo zayo ziya kubonakala kuqala.
- Banikela ngomdla okhulayoNgendlela yokuba xa umntu ejonga iminyaka engaphezulu, inzuzo yeephothifoliyo ezenziwe iya kunyuka, kodwa ngaphandle kokufikelela kumanqanaba angahambelaniyo.
- Abaqinisekisi ngemali oyityalileyo, kodwa endaweni yokubonelela ngokulindelweyo kokusebenza, okunokuphuculwa ngomvuzo wezahlulelo oveliswe yinxalenye enkulu yezi zindululo.
- Kukho amacebo ahlukeneyo okuqesha, kuxhomekeke kwiprofayili oyivelisayo, kwaye apho eyona nto ilungele umdla wakho utyalo-mali olwahlukeneyo, kwaye ungagxili kwixabiso elinye. Le yindlela eluncedo kakhulu yokukhusela ulondolozo kwixesha elide kangako.
- Utyalomali lwexesha elide luyakuvumela Khetha kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaxabiso, kokubini kwii-equity zesizwe nakwamanye amazwe. Ukuzama ukusoloko ukhangela elona thuba likhulu lokufumana inzuzo, nokuba ukhetha amathuba okuthenga ngokuqinisekileyo avelayo minyaka le.
Iingxaki zokurhweba ixesha elide
La magama axineneyo nawo aneengozi ezithile ekufuneka uzivavanyile ukwenza utyalomali. Kwaye kwindawo yokuqala inokukucinga ukuba ukunqongophala kwemali yokuhlawula iindleko ezithile kubomi bakho bobuqu (izibophelelo zerhafu, intlawulo yemali mboleko, isikolo sabantwana, okanye ukuhlawulwa okungalindelekanga kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali losapho). Kodwa kuphela kwengxaki onokuzifumana kule meko. Kukho ezinye izinto ekufuneka ucinge ngazo. Kwaye phakathi kwazo ezi zinto zilandelayo
- Masithi unayo imali engenakususwa ixesha elide, nangona ungenza ukuthengisa ngokungakhethiyo ukuze ufumane ubutyebi obufunekayo. Nangona kukho umngcipheko ocacileyo wokuba amaxabiso ezabelo zakho ngalawo maxesha angaphantsi kokuthengwa.
- Ubuncinci bemali oyinikele kutyalo-mali kwii-equity ngokubanzi buphezulu kunezinye iimveliso zezezimali, eziza kuchaphazela imeko yokwenyani yeeakhawunti zakho, kunye nento enokukwenza ukuba uyenze ukuhlangula ngexesha zezinye iimveliso zezemali (iidiphozithi zexesha, iimali zotyalo-mali, iziqinisekiso okanye ezinye izinto, phakathi kwezinye izinto).
- Inzuzo ebonelelwa ngotyalo-mali ekugqibeleni isenokungabi nomtsalane njengokuyigcina iminyaka emininzi kangaka, ikwazi ukuyenza khangela ezinye iimveliso zemali ngezibonelelo ezingcono. Kwaye nangembuyekezo eqinisekisiweyo, nangona into eqhelekileyo kukuba incinci kakhulu kwaye ayizonelisi izicwangciso zakho njengomgcini wexesha elide.
- Ezi klasi zisisigxina zijolise kuhlobo olugcinayo lokugcina iprofayili efuna ukhuseleko kunye nokucaca endaweni yomngcipheko kunye nenzuzo enkulu. Into yokuqala kuya kufuneka uyenze kukuchaza ukuba udibana nezi mpawu kwaye ulandela iimodeli zabo zotyalo-mali. Unokudideka, kwaye ulunge kwenye into engeyiyo eyokuhlala ixesha elide.
Ngaba kufanelekile ukwandisa ixesha elibekiweyo?
Iminyaka emihlanu, elishumi okanye nangaphezulu lixesha elide kakhulu lokugcina isikhundla kwiimarike ze-equity. Akunabasebenzisi abancinci kakhulu, ukuba ngaba abantu abadla umhlalaphantsi kufuneka balandele le ndlela yexesha elide. Kukwisigaba esiphakathi kuphela apho iya kwenza ingqiqo, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba kukho ulondolozo olungazukufuneka kwabaninzi. Ukuba injongo yakho kule minyaka izayo kukuthenga indlu, ulibale ngezi zicwangciso zotyalo mali. Kungenxa yokuba ayifanelekanga kwimidla yakho, kwaye inokwenzakalisa kakhulu umdla wakho.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, isicwangciso sokwenza tyala imali encinci kulondolozo lwakho, kwaye ngenjongo yokudala ibhegi yokonga kule minyaka imbalwa izayo. Kwaye oko kungadityaniswa nokwenza ikhontrakthi kwezinye iimveliso zebhanki, kwaye kutheni kungenjalo, yeeasethi ezahlukeneyo zemali ezinokwenza ulondolozo lwakho lube nenzuzo ukusukela ngoku.