Imeko yoloyiko abemi abadlula kulo luyachaphazeleka kubudlelwane babo nehlabathi lemali. Ayisiyiyo kuphela malunga notyalo-mali lwabo, kodwa nokuba baya kuba nakho na ukufumana iinkonzo zabo eziqhelekileyo kumaziko etyala. Nje ukuba ummiselo ekufuneka umisele ubungakanani bommandla, iziphumo kunye nexesha lobume be-alamu sele ziphuhlisiwe ngurhulumente waseSpain, ayinakudlula kwiintsuku ezili-15, Ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso esivela kwiNkongolo yamaSekela. Eli lungiselelo lomgaqo-siseko livumela umda wokuhamba kwabantu, ukufuna izinto okwexeshana, amashishini angenelelayo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweenkonzo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziyimfuneko.
Imeko ye-alam ilawulwa kwinqaku le-116 loMgaqo-siseko nakumthetho othile wezinto eziphilayo, iOrganic Law 4/1981, kaJuni 1, malunga nealam, ukhetho kunye nokungqingwa. Ukongeza, iphehlelelwe ukusukela ngoMgqibelo wokuvala, nakwinxalenye enkulu yoluntu oluzimeleyo lwelizwe lethu, onke amaziko kunye neevenkile ngaphandle kokutya kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko ukusukela ngoMgqibelo odlulileyo. Kodwa okwangoku, ayizukuchaphazela amasebe ebhanki, eya kuthi ubukhulu becala okanye kancinci avulekele uluntu ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo.
Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi bebhanki abayi kuqaphela ngokugqithileyo ukusilela kwinkonzo kwaye ngabatyali zimali kuphela ekufuneka beyazi intshukumo yabo kwiimarike zemali xa benqwenela ukuthatha isigqibo esingxamisekileyo ngeli xesha. Apho baya kuba nakho ukukhawulezisa imisebenzi yabo yokuthenga kunye neyokuthengisa kutyalo-mali olwahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso zokonga ngeendlela ze-Intanethi ebebala ngazo kude kube ngoku. Zombini ngokubhekisele ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwezabelo kwimarike yemasheya, kunye nakwikhontrakthi yezinye iimveliso zezemali, ezinje ngeemali zotyalo-mali, iidipozithi zexesha, iziqinisekiso kunye nolunye uthotho lweemodeli ezinobunkunkqele kunye nomthamo weshishini elimangalisayo.
ICoronavirus: iibhanki ziya kuvulwa
Iibhanki ziya kuqhubeka nokusebenza ukuba imeko yesilumkiso esikhuthazwa sisigqeba sikazwelonke isasebenza. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba onke amaziko asebenza eSpain azakugcina amasebe awo evulekile, ngaphandle kwemeko ye-alarm ebhengezwe nguRhulumente wasePedro Sánchez. Amaziko etyala abonisa kwimithombo yawo yeendaba ukuba umsebenzi abawunikayo uthathwa njenge- inkonzo yoluntu ebalulekileyo Kwaye, njengoko kunjalo e-Itali, apho iiofisi zingavalwanga, ngekhe kwenziwe naseSpain. Ukusuka kule ndawo, abemi abayi kuqaphela naluphi na uhlobo lotshintsho kubudlelwane babo bemihla ngemihla namaziko emali. Nangona kusenokwenzeka ukuba elinye isebe livaliwe ngenxa yekhefu lokugula elinokubakho.
Ukusuka kule ndawo yokujonga, kuya kubakho ukusebenza kwiimarike ze-equity ngendlela efanayo kude kube ngoku, ngokubhekisele kwi amasebe omzimba amaziko asebhanki. Ngokumalunga nokwenza ikhontrakthi kwiimveliso zokonga ezahlukileyo: iidipozithi zexesha elimiselweyo, izicwangciso zokonga, iimveliso zepenshini, njl. Nangona kuvela kwinkalo yokusebenza kuyacetyiswa ukuba izixhobo ezikwi-Intanethi zisetyenziselwe ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye neeodolo kwiimarike zezemali. Umzekelo, ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeteknoloji: iifowuni eziphathwayo, iitafile okanye ezinye izixhobo ezineempawu ezifanayo.
I-Euribor iwa ngamandla
Iziphumo zalo meko kaxakeka kuzwelonke ziye zafikelela nakwicandelo lokubolekwa kwemali mboleko. Ngenxa yokuba, i-coronavirus ikwabangele ukusabela ekuweni kwe-Euribor, esona salathisi siphambili sobambiso lweSpain. Ukuza kuthi ga apha ukuba le index ye-benchmark iqale ngenyanga kaMatshi nge-drop ehla kwaye isoyikisa phula ixesha lonke kwakhona Nge-Agasti 2019, xa ivalwa ngo -0,356%. Le meko intsha inokulindela ukuncitshiswa komrhumo ekufuneka uhlawulwe ngabanini bale mveliso yemali, ubuncinci kwixesha elifutshane.
Kodwa kwelinye icala, ayinakukhutshelwa ngaphandle ukuba iimeko ekuqeshweni kwabo ziya kuba nzima ukusukela ngoku ukuya phambili zizinto ezikhupha imali mboleko. Ngayiphi na imeko, uqikelelo malunga nokubuyela kwalo kwindawo elungileyo luyarhoxiswa. Ngale ndlela, idatha yakutshanje ebonelelwe liZiko leSizwe lezeNkcukacha-manani (i-INE), elenyanga kaDisemba, ibonisa ukuba kwimali mboleko eyenziwe kuzo zonke iipropathi ngoDisemba, i-avareji yenqanaba lenzala ekuqaleni yi-2,46, 1,4% ( I-2018% ephezulu kunoDisemba 21) kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo leminyaka engama-57,0. I-43,0% yemali mboleko ikwiqondo lenzala eyahlukileyo kunye nama-2,14% kwinqanaba elimiselweyo. Umyinge wenqanaba lenzala ekuqaleni yi-2,8% yemali-mboleko yexabiso eliguqukayo (i-2018% isezantsi kunoDisemba ngo-3,00) kunye ne-4,3% kwiirhafu ezibekiweyo (XNUMX% ngaphezulu ngaphezulu).
Iingcebiso ze-ESMA
I-European Securities and Markets Authority (i-ESMA), ikunye ne-National Competent Authorities (ANCs), ijonge imeko ngeliso elibukhali ngenxa yempembelelo eqhubekayo kwiimarike zemali ze-European Union (i-EU) yokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19. Ukulandela ingxoxo-mpikiswano yeBhodi yaBaphathi apho imeko yeemarike namanyathelo okungaqiniseki amkelwe ngamaziko ajongwayo ahlolwe, i-ESMA yenza ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo kubathathi-nxaxheba kwiimarike zezemali:
Izicwangciso zokuqhubeka kweshishini. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike, kubandakanya nolwakhiwo, kufuneka bazilungiselele ukusebenzisa izicwangciso zabo zokuqulela okungalunganga, kubandakanya nokumiliselwa kwamanyathelo okuqhubeka kweshishini ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza ngokuhambelana nezibophelelo zolawulo.
Ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kwintengiso. Abakhuphi bezokhuseleko kufuneka basasaze ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na ingcaciso ebalulekileyo kwifuthe le-COVID-19 kubukhulu babo boqoqosho, amathemba okanye imeko yezemali, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izibophelelo zokungafihlisi eziqulathwe kuMmiselo wokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweMakethi.
Ulwazi lwezemali. Abakhuphi bezokhuseleko kufuneka banike ingxelo ngokuphandle kwiimpembelelo ze-COVID-19 ezikhoyo nakwingxelo yabo yonyaka ka-2019 ukuba ayikaqulunqwa okanye, kungenjalo, kulwazi lwabo oluphakathi oluphakathi, ngokusemandleni. Uhlalutyo lobungakanani beshishini labo, imeko yezemali kunye nokusebenza koqoqosho.
Ulawulo lweNgxowa-mali. Abaphathi beNgxowa-mali kufuneka baqhubeke nokusebenzisa iimfuno zolawulo lomngcipheko kwaye benze ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yeli nyathelo, eli qumrhu ligqibe kwelokuba liqhubeke nokuhlalutya ukuvela kweemarike zezemali ngokunxulumene nemeko eveliswe yi-COVID-19 kwaye ikulungele ukusebenzisa amandla ayo ngendlela eqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweemarike, uzinzo kwezemali nakukhuseleko lwabatyali mali.
Ukuthengiswa okufutshane kunqunyanyisiwe
I-National Securities Market Commission (CNMV), kwelinye icala, ivumile ukuthintela ukuthengiswa okufutshane ngemini yangomso, ngolwesiHlanu, Matshi 13, kuzo zonke izabelo ezingamanzi ezamkelweyo kurhwebo kwiiSpanish Stock Exchange ezinamaxabiso athe xhaxhe ngaphezulu I-10% ngexesha leseshoni yanamhlanje, nge-Matshi 12, 2020 nakwezinye izabelo ezingekho mthethweni (phantsi kwemiThetho eMiselweyo (i-EU) 918/2012) ukuwa kwayo kungaphezulu kwe-20%.
Las Izabelo ezingama-69 ezichaphazelekayo Zidwelisiwe kwisihlomelo kolu nxibelelwano. Isigqibo sithathiwe ngokungqinelana neNqaku lama-23 loMmiselo (i-EU) 236/2012 lePalamente yaseYurophu kunye neBhunga, eligunyazisa amagunya esizwe afanelekileyo ukuba athintele okwexeshana ukuthengisa okufutshane kwimeko yokwehla okukhulu kwexabiso lalo. Phakathi kwezabelo ezichaphazelekayo lulo lonke ukhuseleko olwenza isalathiso somvuzo okhethwayo kwilizwe lethu, i-Ibex 35. Ukongeza kwezona zininzi zikhuselweyo zolwelo ezinenqanaba eliphezulu lenkunzi kwiMarike eqhubekayo yaseSpain. Ngenkampani, enje ngeAresmedia, i-Ebro okanye iLiberbank, phakathi kwezinye zezona zibalulekileyo.
Ezemali zichaphazeleke kancinane
I-Ebury, iziko eligxile kwiintlawulo zamanye amazwe kunye notshintshiselwano lwemali, ibonisa ukuba inqwelomoya ebhabhela kukhuseleko ebangelwe yi-coronavirus ichaphazele ikakhulu iimarike ezisakhulayo, iimali zazo ezithengiswe ngamandla kwiveki ephelileyo ngokuchasene namazwe amaninzi. Iingqekembe ze-G10. Phakathi kweemali ezixhamlayo yi-euro, ephelise iveki ephezulu kakhulu ngokuchasene nezona zibini ziphambili (ngaphandle kwe-yen).
"Oku kubuya," utshilo u-Ebury, uyayixhasa ithiyori yokuba ukuwa kwe-euro ngoFebruwari ukuya kunyaka nonyaka kubangelwe ngakumbi kubuchwephesha bokunyusa intengiso-ngakumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-euro njengemali yokuxhasa imisebenzi ye 'ukuqhubae'-, ukuba ukonakala okufanayo. Le misebenzi yenziwa embindini woloyiko, inyusa imali eqhelekileyo ”. U-Ebury ukholelwa ukuba lo mkhwa awunakwenzeka ukuba utshintshe okwangoku, "ke i-euro kufuneka yenze kule veki ngokuhambelana ne-asethi yomngcipheko."