Kuderera kusingatarisirwi kwemisika yemakambani kuri kuendesa vazhinji varimari vashoma kusiyanisa portfolio yavo yequity Kukurudzira, senge zano rekuvapa chengetedzo huru, huremu chaihwo hwechengetedzo dzinogovera zvikamu pakati pevachagovana navo. Iyo Ibex-35 iri imwe yemakisi uko uku kugoverwa kwemabhenefiti kuri kwakanyanya. Chipo kudzoka kwegore negore kuri pakati pe2% ne8%, zvinoenderana nekubhadharwa kwekambani yega yega.
Panyaya iyi, zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa kuti makambani akanyorwa muSpanish achagovera mamwe mamirioni makumi manomwe nemakumi manomwe emadhora muzvikamu gore rino, sekufungidzira kwakaitwa nemaneja weSpain fund Gesconsult. Uye kwazvinokurudzira, mune yazvino bearish mamiriro emisika yemasheya, kuti mari ichengetedzwe muzvichengetedzo zvinobhadhara chikamu chemari, uye kwete kuchidzorera zvakare muzvikamu.
Kubva pane ino mamiriro anounza iyi kirasi yemitengo, zano reva saver rinofanira kutarisana nekusimudzira kukwana kwemakesi avo ekuongorora Uye imwe yedzakanakisa nzira inoendeswa kuburikidza nechikamu. Asi isu tinoziva chaizvo kuti muripo uyu unosanganisira chii? Zvakanaka, chikamu chakaringana chemubhadharo chinogoverwa pakati pevachagovana kambani. Uye izvo zvaunogona kubatsirwa nazvo kana uri mumwe wavo.
Haasi ese makambani akanyorwa anoita purofiti mune yavo bhizinesi zviitiko, kure nazvo, uye chete rakasarudzika boka rehutsika hwenyika bhenji index inoratidza simba iri mumabhizimusi avo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vane basa rekuzvigovera pakati pevatengesi nguva zhinji gore rega, uye zvichibva pane purofiti inogadzirwa mumabhizinesi avo maakaunzi.
Ivo vanowanzoenderana nemakambani ane simba kwazvo muhupfumi hwenyika ayo akanyorwa pamisika yemasheya. Kazhinji kubva kubhengi, magetsi, mafuta uye nharembozha. Asi yavo yekubhadhara mutemo haina kugara yakafanana. Kupa, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, chakakura chinopihwa iwe chaunogona kutora mukana wekuvaka yako yekudyara portfolio mumwedzi iri kuuya kubva kune aya chaiwo zano.
Kugovaniswa kwezvikamu kunoitwa sei?
Izvo hazviwanzo kuitwa nenzira imwechete, asi zvinowirirana zvichienderana nezano rakasarudzwa nemakambani. Nzira yakajairika kuripa nemari, nenzira yekuti vagovani vacho vazvigamuchire muaccount yavo mukati menguva dzakatarwa kuendesa mhosva. Nenzira iyi, ivo vanobatsirwa vanozokwanisa kuve nemari yekuwedzera mune yavo mareti statement. Kuvabatsira kuronga yavo bhajeti yemhuri zvakanyanya zvakakwana.
Nekudaro, kune imwezve tsika iri kuwedzera kumisikidzwa zvine hukasha muSpanish stock market panorama. Zvayo ndezve chinjika chikamu, kunyangwe iwe uchizoiziva nemazita ayo echirungu (script dividend). Iyi fomati ichangobva kushandiswa inobvumidza vatengesi kusarudza pakati pekugamuchira mari nemari, kana zvinopesana, kuburikidza nemasheya.
Kana iwe ukasarudza iyi sarudzo yekupedzisira, chinonyanya kuitika ndechekuti hazvizokanganisa mari yauinayo muakaundi yako yekutarisa. Asi mukudzoka, iwe unosimudzira yako investa zvakanyanya, uine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvikamu zvekambani. Uine mukana chaiwo wekuwedzera zvinhu zvako kana mitengo ikwira mumisika.
Iwe unofanirwa kuisarudza zvichibva pane zvaunoda chaizvo, asi pamusoro pezvose zvinoenderana nemaitiro anoratidzwa nemutengo wakasarudzwa panguva iyoyo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kana iyo kambani yakanyorwa inoratidza inoshamisa kumusoro Push, pamwe zvinonyanya kubatsira kuzvidzorera zvakare nemamwe masheya. Kwete pasina, dzinogona kuverengerwa uye iwe uchave nenguva yekuvatengesa kuti vagare zvachose pamwe nemari inowanikwa inowanikwa.
Pane kupokana, kana iyo kambani yakanyudzwa mune yakasarudzika maitiro ehukuru kusagadzikana, hazvizove zvine hungwaru kusarudza zvikamu zvitsva, nekuti iwe ucharasikirwa nemari mukuita. Uye chinhu chinonzwisisika kwazvo ndechekuti iwe uite mari kuburikidza nekubhadhara nemari. Zvisinei, chichava chisarudzo chako pachako izvo zvinoenderana chete newe, uye kwete pane zvimwe zvinhu.
Mangani zvikamu zvinogoverwa pagore?
Kune vamwe varimi, kunyanya vasina ruzivo, vari mukutenda kwenhema kuti kunoitwa kuburikidza nekamwe-kamwe chibvumirano pagore. Hapana chimwe chinowedzera kubva pachokwadi. Nekuti zvirizvo, inogona chete kubhadhara imwechete mugore rega rega remari, asi dzimwe nzira dzekugovera dzinogoneswa. Ivo vanobva kubva matikiti ehafu-yegore emwaka, inowanzozivikanwa pakati penhengo dze IBEX 35, kusvika kukota. Iyi yekupedzisira maitiro ndiyo yakasarudzwa neruzhinji rweSpanish mabhangi, ayo anoita mana kubhadhara pagore.
Zvichienderana nemusiyano uyu, zvinogona kunge zviri izvo kuti iwe unosarudza hunhu zvinoenderana nekugara kuri kuita kubhadhara, uye izvo zvinokubatsira zvirinani kutarisana nemubhadharo wemwedzi wega wega, kana kunyangwe wegore rese. Uye zvechokwadi, sezvazvinonzwisisika kune rimwe divi, sezvo iwe uine akawanda masheya, ako maripo kuburikidza nemadhirowa achave ane rupo.
Kwete pasina, iwe uchafanirwa kudaro wedzera chikamu chemugove nenhamba yezvikamu iwe mune yako yekudyara portfolio. Mhedzisiro yeiri nyore oparesheni ndiyo ichaenda kuaccount yako kana bhuku rekuchengetedza, musi iwoyo iwoyo iwo mubhadharo unoitwa.
Yakagadziriswa mari mukati meiyo kusiana
Kusarudzira kuchengetedzwa nezvikwereti izano rakajairika pakati pevachengeti vanochengetedza zvakanyanya, ine nguva yakareba kwazvo yekugara, kazhinji kubva pamakore matatu. Ivo vari kugadzira iyo yemubhadharo system gore rega rega, neyako iwe uchave iwe kuve nechokwadi chekumisikidza kuita uye kuvimbisa zvese zviitwa. Zvirokwazvo iri pamusoro pe3%, inozovandudza zvakanyanya purofiti inogadzirwa kubva kune yakanyanya yakatarwa mari yemabhengi zvigadzirwa (madipoziti, zvinyorwa zvevimbiso, chikwereti cheveruzhinji, zvisungo, nezvimwe.
Idzi dhizaini dzichangoburwa dzinoshanda pasi pemahara ane mwero, uye dzisingagutsi zvachose kune zvido zvevaponesi veSpain. Pakati pe0,20% uye 1%, semhedzisiro yesarudzo ichangoburwa yeEuropean Central Bank (ECB) ku dzikisa mutengo wemari, uye izvo zvakakonzera kudonhedza kwakanyanya mumitero yemubhadharo weEuropean, ayo ari zero zero. Seyero yekusimudzira kumutsidzira kweiyo euro zone hupfumi.
Tichifunga mamiriro aya emari, hazvishamise kuti vanhu vazhinji, sezvingave zviri kwauri, vakasarudza iyi modhi yekuchengetedza monetize zvako wega zvinhu. Kunze kwekuti misika yemari inogona kuchinja sei mumwedzi iri kuuya. Zvakare, iwe unogona kurasikirwa nemari pane ako ekudyara, asi panguva imwechete uchizvipa yakachengetedzwa kudzoka gore rega, uye zvisinei nekuti iwo masheya ari mutengo sei pamusika wemasheya.
Makambani akanyorwa anobhadhara zvakadii?
Musika weSpanish unoenderera ndeimwe yevanonyanya kushambadzira kugovera uyu muripo kune vagovana. Nechipo chinonyatsogutsa zvishuwo zvavo kuti vawedzere mari. Uye izvo zvinosanganisira angangoita ese mariketi zvikamu, iine zvakanyanyisa kukurudzira zvirevo kune ese mushandisi profiles. Kubva pane inonyanya kuchengetedza kusvika kune ine hukasha, uye kuburikidza iyo yaunogona kuenderana bhegi rekuchengetedza rakachengeteka kwemakore anouya.
Muchokwadi, musika wekuSpain wemusika wave sosi yemakambani anopa mibairo. Uye pamusoro peiyo inogadzirwa nemamwe epasi rese misika yemasheya, sezvo ivo vachipa avhareji kudzoka iri padyo neiyo 5% chipingamupinyi. Kunyangwe kana iwe uchida kupfuudza aya marimendi emubatsiro, iwe unenge usina kana dambudziko kuzviwana, kunyangwe uchitopeta nekaviri kuita uku. Vamwe vacho vanotosvika padhuze nekaviri manhamba.
Kana iwe uchida kuwana purofiti yepamusoro, iwe unenge usina sarudzo kunze kwekutenga zvikamu zvemakambani akadai seRepsol, Telefónica, Endesa, Mapfre, Sacyr, Abertis, Enagás, Acerinox neGesi Natural. Ivo ndivo vanotungamira rondedzero yemakambani akanyorwa ayo parizvino anopa akanakisa ekugoverana goho, nezvikamu zviri pakati pe5% ne9%. Vamwe vanozvigovera kuburikidza nemubhadharo mumwe chete, nepo vamwe vachiita kuti mashandiro acho abudirire mune dzinoverengeka mhosva dzegore.
Ndiyo chaiyo nguva inoenderana nezhizha uye chando uko kubhadhara uku kunoitwa zviri pamutemo, mamwe acho muzvikamu. Uye izvo mune zvese zviitiko, inoziviswa nemakambani akanganiswa nehumwe chiziviso, kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuronga yako portfolio yekudyara zvakanyanya.
Seimwe nzira, zvakare nekusiya musika wepamusha unogona kuwana mari iyi, kunyangwe iri pasi pemahara ane mwero. Uye uko chikamu chemagetsi chakagadzirwa - sezvazvinoitika mupanorama yenyika - mune sosi huru yekubhadhara nguva dzose.
Kubhadhara mutero kwezvikamu
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha kusarudza kubhadharwa kwezvikwereti kunoenderana nemabatiro avanoita mutero, uye kuti zvakakunakira iwe kuti uzive, kuti uone kana zvichikunakira kuti ushandise iyi manejimendi manejimendi. Chekutanga, uchaunganidza muripo uyu mumambure. Zvinorevei? Zvakanaka, zvakapusa, kuti iwe uchagashira muaccount yako yekutarisa kana huwandu hwekubvisirwa paakaundi yeImihoro Inotorwa Mutero (IRPF) yabviswa.
Nenzira iyi, haizove iyo mari yakaziviswa nekambani, asi zvichange zvakadzikira nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemitero. Hazvishamisi kuti zvakajairika kune vashoma vane ruzivo vashoma kuti vafunge kuti kwave nekuvhiringidzika, kana kungoita kukanganisa mukutamisa kwemari yakatorwa pamuripo uyu waunogashira semugovani. Asi iwe unozoongorora kuti zvese zviri mugwara, uye izvo zvavanoita kwauri zvinobvisa mitero yako.
Kugovaniswa hongu, asi chinhu chikuru kutora kudzoka pamitengo.