Iinshurensi gcina abathengi babo € 47,90 ngeyure nganye abayabayo ukuphanda iimeko ezinokubakho zobuqhetseba. Esi sesinye seziphetho zengxelo. Ubuqhetseba beinshurensi yaseSpain. Unyaka we-2018 osandula ukupapashwa uPhando oluSebenzisanayo phakathi kwamaQumrhu eInshurensi (ICEA). Olu phononongo lwenziwe kunye nolwazi oluthunyelwe ngama-inshurensi angama-41. La maziko, anesabelo sentengiso sama-52%, afumene iinzame zobuqhetseba ezili-175.777 kunyaka ophelileyo, ezingama-20 ngeyure nganye.
Eli nani alihambelani inani lilonke lobuqhetseba zenzeka eSpain ngo-2018, kodwa ngokungqongqo ezo zixelwe kwi-ICEA ngabathathi-nxaxheba. Ukubonakaliswa kwayo okuphezulu kuvumela, nangona kunjalo, ukufumana izigqibo ezahlukeneyo malunga nale meko kwilizwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubuqhetseba be-inshurensi lulwaphulo-mthetho olonzakalisa uluntu luphela.
Uphononongo lwenza kucace gca ukuba i-inshurensi isombulula iingxaki zabantu ngemali ehlawulwe ngabathengi babo. Ke ngoko, xa umkhohlisi ephakamisa ibango elingafanelekanga okanye elibaxekileyo, into ayenzayo uzama ukuzityebisa ngokuhlawulisa abanye babaninimgaqo-nkqubo ababekekileyo. Kufunyenwe ukuba ukusukela ngo-2011 ukuya ku-2017, ubuqhetseba obuncinci bufumaneka. Oku kugungqisa kuchaze ukwanda kweenzame zobuqhetseba ezingezizo ezobuchwephesha. Kodwa ngo-2018 Ubuqhetseba obuncinci buzinzile. Okwangoku, ngaphezulu nje kwesithathu (i-36,2%) yeenzame zokukhohlisa ezibandakanyekileyo zibandakanya amabango angaphantsi kwama-500 euros kwaye isibini kwisithathu (63,8%) sibandakanye ukuhlawulwa kwemali ephezulu.
Ubuqhetseba obunokuba kwi-inshurensi
Idatha ye-ICEA ibonisa indlela a I-62,8% yamatyala obuqhetseba afunyenwe Inikwe kwi-inshurensi yemoto. Ukubaluleka kweli sebe kubangelwe kukuphakama kwalo. Akumangalisi ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba iimoto zijikeleze neinshurensi. Imigca yesundry iquka enye i-30,3% yemizamo yeskram. Ngaphantsi kweli candelo kukho imigaqo-nkqubo yekhaya, yeshishini, yoluntu, ye-SME kunye neyamatyala oluntu. Enye i-5,8% yamalinge obuqhetseba ayenzeka ebomini, engozini nakwimigca yezempilo. Oko kukuthi, kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-inshurensi yobuqu. Ngelixa ngokuchaseneyo, i-1,2% eseleyo iyahambelana neminye imigca yeshishini.
Kwelinye icala, uphononongo lukwabonisa ukuba umyinge wotyalo mali olwenziwe ngumshuwalense kuphando lobuqhetseba ngama-247,90 euros. Nangona kunjalo, le nto iyahluka ngandlela-thile ukusuka kwelinye umgca woshishino ukuya kwelinye. Vula i-inshurensi yobuqu (ubomi, impilo, ikhaya, njl.) inkcitho ephakathi yi-591,10 euro. Ngeli xesha, kwi-inshurensi yemoto ibalelwa kwi-379,50 euro. Uphando lokuzama ubuqhetseba kwi-inshurensi yepropathi kunye noxanduva lwaseburhulumenteni kubandakanya utyalomali lwe-153,80 euro. Okokugqibela, kudidi olwahluka-hlukeneyo "Eminye imigca" le nto ifikelela kwi-475,90 i-euro.
Buyisela kwimali otyale ngayo
Ukubuya umndilili kuphando ngalunye, njengoko kubonisiwe ekuqaleni kolwazi kwicandelo leinshurensi kwilizwe lethu, Ngaba yi-47,90 euro ye-euro nganye etyalwe imali. Kodwa apha kukwakho umahluko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkohliso oluhlalutywayo. Ngelixa kwi-inshurensi yobuqu intlawulo ye-181,60 ye-euro iyathintelwa kwi-euro nganye echithwe kuphando, kwicandelo "Abanye" eli xabiso liphantsi kakhulu: i-38 euros.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, uhlobo lobuqhetseba oluzama ukwenziwa luyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweinshurensi. KwiimotoUmzekelo, amabango angalinganiyo lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lobuqhetseba. Ngokukodwa, oku kwenzeke kwi-37,4% yobuqhetseba obuhlalutyiweyo. Ukufihlwa kokonzakala kwangaphambili okanye umonakalo kulandela ngokubaluleka. Oku kwenzeka kwenye i-19,4% yamatyala ahlalutyiweyo. Ukuba yinxalenye efanelekileyo echaphazela iinkampani kweli sebe libalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseSpain. Njengabasebenzisi abanesivumelwano nale klasi yeemveliso ukuqinisekisa, nokuba bubomi babo okanye ezinye zezinto zabo eziphathekayo.
Iiklasi zeinshurensi
Phakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo, icandelo elibandakanya i-inshurensi enobungozi obuninzi, Ezona zixhaphakileyo zibango olulinganisiweyo (28,2%). Okwangoku, iinzame zobuqhetseba (ubomi, ingozi, okanye impilo) zihlala zifihla ukwenzakala kwangaphambili okanye umonakalo. Injalo imeko ye-51,9% yamatyala obuqhetseba kolu luhlu. Kwinqanaba "Abanye", ukufihlwa komonakalo okhoyo (26,7%) kunye namabango angenakulinganiswa (25,1%) avela.
Ngayiphi na imeko, eli licandelo elinamandla apho yonke into inokukhuseleka. Ukusuka kwimixholo yendlu ukuya kwizilwanyana zasekhaya abanini bale mveliso yeinshurensi banayo. Konke oku, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho zokwenyani kwaye kwimeko nganye kuya kwahluka. Nangona kukho amanye amakhaya angenayo imigaqo-nkqubo, ecinga ukuba konga imali kule minyaka izayo. Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto zobuchwephesha ezinxulunyaniswe nemveliso uqobo. Umkhwa otshintsha kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yotshintsho kwinkcubeko ngamakhaya aseSpain.
I-inshurensi yabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo
Enye yezona zinto zintsha zivelileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo kukubonakala kweinshurensi yabasebenzi abaziqeshileyo okanye eyaziwa ngcono njengokuzimela. Ngenxa yobuthathaka obukhethekileyo aba bazifumana bekubo kwaye ngandlela ithile bafuna imveliso eyongezelelweyo yeinshurensi enokubakhusela ngamaxesha athile obomi babo. Ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokuba uninzi lwamakhadi etyala aphethe i-inshurensi yezi mpawu, nangona uhlawula umrhumo wenyanga phakathi kwe-10 kunye nama-30 euros. Ukunika iimeko ezinzima kakhulu kuba zibekwe ziibhanki ngokwazo ngaphandle kwemvume yabasebenzisi.
Ngayiphi na imeko, iinkampani zeinshurensi zibonelela ngeinshurensi yengozi kubantu abazisebenzelayo abagubungela iinshurensi ezimbini kwenye njengakwisindululo sangaphambili, oko kukuthi, ingozi kunye nokugula. Kubandakanya ukugubungela ukukhubazeka okugqibeleleyo, kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi yobungcali, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60.000 ye-euro kunye nomvuzo wenyanga we-8 iminyaka, nge-3% yohlaziyo lonyaka, kude kube kufikelela kwi-20.000 euro. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, abanye i-inshurensi bagqibe kwelokuba baphuhlise ezi mveliso, kwimeko ye-inshurensi yengozi kweli candelo lobungcali. Ekufeni apho ngengozi, ukukhubazeka okusisigxina okanye okwethutyana okanye ukukhubazeka ngokupheleleyo okanye okugcweleyo. Igalelo eliphambili lesi sicelo kukuba ngumnini ngokwakhe onokukhetha inani lemali eyinkunzi.
Izikhuselo ezikhethiweyo
Ngayiphi na imeko, kolu didi lweinshurensi yabasebenzi abaziqeshileyo, kunokuzithandela ukwenza isivumelwano sokunceda ukuzikhusela ukusukela ngoku. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzi abaziqeshileyo banokwenza ikhontrakthi njenge-inshorensi yokhetho ekuthiwa yi-inshurensi yekhefu lokugula, ngezi meko zilandelayo:
Ukulaliswa esibhedlele nangasiphi na isizathu: kolu khuselo umnini-polisi uya kufumana imali eyongezelelweyo ukuba, kwimeko yokugula okanye yengozi, wangeniswa esibhedlele kangangeeyure ezingama-24.
Ukupheliswa komsebenziUkuba umntu okhuselwe nge-inshorensi uyasebenza kwaye unegalelo kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo oluZimeleyo, iMutual, iMontepío okanye iziko elifanayo njengoko kumiselwe ngumthetho, baya kuqinisekiswa ngembuyekezo yenyanga yokupheliswa komsebenzi wabo.
Ukukhuselwa kwentlawulo
Le yokugqibela yenye yeenketho esele ziphuhlisiwe ngenxa yokoyika kweenkampani zeinshurensi ukuba abathengi bazo abayi kuba nakho ukuhlawula iintlawulo zabo zenyanga ngenxa yesiphumo ukuncipha kwengeniso okanye kungenxa yokuba awenzi nawuphi na umsebenzi wobugcisa okanye wentengiso. Ukuhlala rhoqo kwiminyaka emva kwengxaki yezoqoqosho eyenzeka phakathi kuka-2007 no-2012. Kwaye oko kukhokelele ekubonakaleni kwale ngxelo ikhethekileyo yabasebenzi abaziqeshileyo.
Ngayiphi na imeko, ukusebenziseka kolu didi lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunikwa xa kutyikitywa liqela elinomdla. Kwaye hayi xa inyanzeliswa ngokusesikweni kwezinye iimveliso zebhanki. Umzekelo, kwiimeko ezithile zamakhadi etyala kunye namakhadi etyala okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwemali. Apho kunokuba yinto yokusebenza leyo ayincedi kakhulu ukulungiselela umdla wabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ibe sisenzo esinyanzeliswa lelinye lamaqela enza le nkqubo. Ngelixa kwezinye iimeko, kubandakanya inkcitho ebalulekileyo engaphezulu kokulindelwe ziinkampani zeinshurensi.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, asinakulibala ukuba ukwenza i-inshurensi yesivumelwano kunokuthetha ukonga okubalulekileyo kwimeko yayo nasiphi na isiganeko esinokuthi sivele nangaliphi na ixesha nakuyiphi na imeko. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngamanani abaluleke kakhulu, njengoko kusenzeka rhoqo kumaxesha athile kunye neinshurensi yasekhaya. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ungakuphepha ukuphuma kwemisebenzi ethile ekhaya, yiyo loo nto konke konke kunjalo emva kwayo yonke loo nto. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba ibe sisenzo esinyanzeliswa lelinye lamaqela enza le nkqubo. Ngelixa kwezinye iimeko, kubandakanya inkcitho ebalulekileyo engaphezulu kokulindelwe ziinkampani zeinshurensi.