Mutual mari hachisi chigadzirwa chemari chiri kuenda panguva dzakanakisa dzenguva. Kana zvisiri, zvinopesana, uye maererano neazvino dhata yakapihwa neAssociation of Collective Investment Institutions uye Pension Funds (Inverco) inoratidza kuti mari izvo zviri kupa kurongeka kumisoro yavo zvinyorwa zviri kusvika kumatanho asina kumboonekwa mumakore apfuura. Iko kufambira mberi kwekubuda kweaya mare emari ndeimwe yemamwe madhinomine emusika uno wakakosha.
Hazvigone kukanganwika kuti mukati megore rino, iro rave kuda kupera, chikamu chakanaka cheaya mari yekudyara ari mumamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuverengerwa seakashata. Nemadonhwe akakosha mukukosha kwayo uye mune dzimwe nguva mu zvikamu zviviri-zvikamu. Asi chiitiko ichi chave chichiwedzeredzwa nenyaya yekuti hadzisi chete dzinokanganisa mari-yakavakirwa mari sekufunga kunoita munhu kubva pakutanga. Kana zvisiri, pane kudaro, izvo zvemari yakamisikidzwa varikuvawo vanobatwa kana kunyangwe kubva kumamodheru anonzi imwe nzira.
Chokwadi ichi chaendesa vatengesi vadiki nevepakati kuti vanetseke zvakanyanya pamusoro pekudyara kwavo uye mune dzimwe nguva vanga vasina imwe sarudzo kunze kweku vhara nzvimbo dzako pane mamwe emari emari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko kuti unakidzwe nezvako purofiti (nekutenga kuri makore mashanu kana anopfuura) uye mune vamwe kuti vasazokanganisa kurasikirwa kwako. Iyi ndiyo chaiyo mamiriro ekupedzisira ndiyo ine njodzi kune avo vane mari yekudyara uye havana mhinduro iri nani pane kuvhara nzvimbo dzekupa mari kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemari zvinogadzira kuchengetedzeka kukuru panguva ino.
Mari yekudyara yakanyanya kurangwa
Muchikamu chisina kunaka mukirasi ino yezvigadzirwa inoitirwa kudyara ndeaya anobva ku Inobuda Nyika dzeEquity uye maEuro Equities (kusasanganisa Spain) zvikamu zvakanyoreswa kuderera kukuru mumwedzi yekupedzisira yegore, nemwedzi wakashata-pamwedzi unodzoka unopfuura 5%. Yekutanga zvakare iri chikamu chine shanduko huru kwazvo mugore (-8%). Kusvika padanho rekuti huwandu hweanotora chikamu muaccount mari yekudyara yakadzikira mumwedzi wapfuura (vangangoita zviuru zana nemakumi mana zvichienzaniswa nemwedzi wapfuura), uye huwandu hwayo hwaive padyo nevamiririri gumi.
Kune rimwe divi, mukati memwedzi wapfuura, misika yeEuropean stock yakaona kugadziriswa (semuenzaniso, iyo inosarudzika index yeSpanish equities, iyo Ibex 35, yakavharwa zvine chekuita nekupera kwaChikunguru pa -4,8% uye iyo EuroStoxx 50 yakaita saizvozvo pa -3,8%), nepo main stock indices muUnited States achienderera pamwe nekukwira kumusoro kwemwedzi yapfuura. Kunyangwe mumwedzi miviri yekupedzisira kugadziriswa kwakaiswa pane aya masheya indices. Beyond kumwe kufunga kwehunyanzvi uye kunyangwe kubva kune yakakosha nzvimbo yekutarisa.
Nepo pane izvo zvinopesana, uye iine yakatarwa mari serekureva sosi, shanduko yayo mumisika yemari yakave zvakare inosuwisa zvikuru kune vashoma nepakati varimi. Nekuti zvirokwazvo, iyo IRR yechisungo cheGerman chemakore gumi yakadonha mumwedzi kusvika pa0,34% kubva pa0,45% pakupera kwegore rapfuura, nepo kune rumwe rutivi goho rechisungo chemakore gumi eSpain rakawedzera zvishoma kusvika ku10% kubva pa1,42%. Iko, mari yepanjodzi muSpain yakavhara pa1,38 hwaro hwenongedzo yeiyo 114 iyo yaakaratidza pakupera kwaJuly.
Kushaikwa kwevabatsiri
Dzese idzi dhata dzave nemhedzisiro mhedzisiro pane kutariswa kwevadiki nevepakati varimari mukirasi ino yezvigadzirwa zvemari. Vazhinji vevanhu vakasarudza kudzorera zvikamu zvavo mune nhanho dzainge dzisina kuonekwa mumakore apfuura. Kuti uone mamiriro ezvinhu akasarudzika umo mari yekudyara inozviwana iri, inofanirwa kuratidza kuti huwandu hwenhoroondo dzinotora chikamu mumari dzekudyara dzingangoita padhuze kusvika zviuru gumi nezviviri.
Iyi data mukuita zvinoreva kuti ivo chimwe chinhu maakaundi anodarika mazana maviri ezviuru pasi peiyo-yenguva-refu yakange yasvikwa muna Chikumi apfuura. Sekureva kwenhoroondo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mumakore akadzika kwazvo edambudziko rehupfumi, pakati pa2007 na2009, huwandu hwakazara mumasangano ekudyara pamwe chete akawira kumamirioni mazana maviri emamiriyoni. Ipo iri pakati pegore rino huwandu hwevatengesi hwakawedzera zvakapetwa kubva pasi, asi mumwedzi miviri yadarika yakadonha. Kusvika padanho rekuti chikamu chakanaka chevanoongorora zvemari vane maonero ekuti iri chikamu chekudyara icho chiri kuratidza zviratidzo zvekuneta.
Nzira yekudzivirira sei kurasikirwa mune mari?
Hazvina kujairika kufunga kuti vamwe varimi mune iri kirasi yezvigadzirwa zvemari mune mutsvuku. Kana kuti uzvinzwisise zvirinani, kuti bhalanzi rako pepa nderimwe remamwe marashiro muecity yakadyarwa kusvikira zvino. Tatarisana neichi chiitiko chisingadiwe, kune akati wandei marongero ayo vashoma nevapakati varimimari vanogona kushandisa. Yokutanga ndeyekuita zvakananga kudzoreredzwa kwe dzivisa kumwe kurasikirwa kwemari. Kutarisana nerimwe gore rinotarisirwa kuramba richiomera zvakanyanya kumisika yemari.
Imwe yeactuation masisitimu ayo anogona kuunzwa kubva zvino zvichienda mberi ndeaya anotorwa ne enderera kusvika zvino. Mune mamwe mazwi, kugara mune mari yekudyara nepakati nepakati uye kunyanya yakareba. Hazvishamise kuti ihwo mamiriro echisikigo emari yekudyara, sekurairwa kwese nevanoongorora zvemari. Mari yekudyidzana haigone kuita sekutenga nekutengesa masheya pamusika wemasheya anogona kutora mwedzi mishoma. Muchigadzirwa ichi chakaongororwa kuti uwane kudzoka kunotarisirwa, makore matatu kana mana anofanirwa kushandiswa. Hazvishamisi kuti inguva yako inobatsira kwazvo kusvikira zvipo zvemari zvadzorerwa.
Ongororo mumabasa ekudyara
Zano rechitatu mukudyara rine ongorora mari yekudyara mari imwe neimwe nguva yenguva. Semuenzaniso, gore rega uye ino ndiyo nguva yekuzvipira zvizere kune iri basa sezvo kupera kwegore kuri pedyo chaizvo. Izvo zvinovakirwa pane chimwe chinhu chakareruka, asi panguva imwecheteyo zvakaoma kuzviita, sekuisa mari isingabatsiri yemari yekudyara kune avo vane kukura kwakakura kugona kwemakore anotevera. Kunyangwe kutenderedza mabasa kubva pamari inoshanduka kuenda kune yakamisirwa mari kana zvinopesana, zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo emisika yemari.
Kune rimwe divi, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti iyo yekuchinjisa mumari yekudyara ibasa rinobatsira kwazvo kune zvako zvaunofarira. Pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero nekuti hazvikubhadharire euro imwe chete uye hakuzove nechero mhando yemakomisheni ekuvandudza iyi yakasarudzika kufamba. Nemamiriro ezvinhu ega kuti iwe unozviita mukati mebhangi rimwe chete kana institution yezvemari. Uye zvakare, iko kuvhiya kwaunogona kuita kakawanda sezvaunoda, hapana miganho, kunyangwe kana zvirambidzo panhamba yekuchinjisa yauchazoita kubva zvino zvichienda mberi.
Mitero yemitero yekuchinjisa
Iwe haufanirwe kukanganwa kuti kuisirwa mumari yekudyara zvakare kunopa mutero mabhenefiti anogona kuunza unopfuura mufaro mumwe pane imwe nguva. Nechikonzero icho iwe chaunonzwisisa zviri nyore kwazvo uye icho ndechekuti iwe haufanire kuzivisa mabhenefiti pane yako inotevera mari statement. Paunenge uchiramba uchichengeta yako mari mune mutual mari sezvaunogara uine. Iwe unogona kunyange kumirira mutero wemitero kuti udonhe kuitira kuti uchengetedze mari pane ino kuvhiya. Hongu hazvina kufanana zviite pa18% pane pa15%, kududza muenzaniso mumwe chete.
Seimwe yekupedzisira imwe nzira yekuvandudza chirevo chemari mumidziyo yako kana yemhuri, panogara paine sarudzo yekusiya mari yekudyara kuenda kune zvimwe zvakachengeteka zvigadzirwa zvebhangi. Semuenzaniso, yakatarwa-term dhipoziti, makambani ekuvimbisa makambani kana kunyange maakaundi anobhadhara zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, chiyero chemubereko icho aya mamodeli ekuchengetedza achakupa iwe haizove akawanda panguva ino chaiyo. Nemabhizimusi emahara asingatombo pfuure 1%. Kunyangwe zvirinani iwe uchave uine vimbiso yekuti hauzorasikirwa nemari uye iwe unowana yakagadziriswa uye yakavimbiswa mari gore rega.
Neiyi imwe nzira yekudyara, hongu hauzove mamirionea, asi zvirinani zvichakubatsira iwe kurara zvirinani mune zvakaomarara uye zvisina kujairika mamiriro kune ese misika yemari. Sezvazviri kuitika izvozvi nenhamba yakanaka yevarimari vashoma nepakati varimi vakasarudza iyi sarudzo. Kuyedza kusevha gore rakashata, zvese muzvikamu uye nemari yakatarwa, segore ra2018 zvave chaizvo, riri kuda kupera munguva pfupi. Nemabhizimusi emahara asingatombo pfuure 1%. Kunyangwe zvirinani iwe uchave uine vimbiso yekuti hauzorasikirwa nemari uye iwe unowana yakagadziriswa uye yakavimbiswa mari gore rega.