Tsanangudzo ye hyperinflation

Ingani nguva dzatakanzwa nezve inflation, iyo dambudziko, zvinhu zvinodhura zvakadii, nezvimwe? Nhasi vanhu vazhinji vanoziva izvozvo inflation inoenderana nekukwira kwemitengoAsi kana tichitaura nezve hyperinflation, tinorevei? Kujekesa uyu mubvunzo, isu takatsaurira chinyorwa ichi kududziro ye hyperinflation.

Kunze kwekutsanangura kuti chii chiitiko ichi, tichazotaurawo pazvinoitika uye kuti zvinodzorwa sei. Kana iwe uchifarira nyaya iyi uye uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve hyperinflation, ndinokurudzira kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga.

Chii chinonzi hyperinflation?

Tisati takupa iwe tsananguro ye hyperinflation, ngatitangei kujekesa pfungwa yeakajairika inflation. Maitiro ehupfumi anoonekwa kana paine kusaenzana pakati pechinodikanwa pamwe nekugadzirwa. Muzviitiko izvi, mitengo yezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi zvinoramba zvichikwira nekukosha apo kukosha kwemari kuri kudzikira, ndokuti simba rekutenga rinodzikira

Kana tichitaura nezve hyperinflation tinoreva nguva yakareba kwazvo yekukwira kwemitengo mune iyo mari inorasikirwa nemutengo wayo uye mitengo inoramba ichikwira isingadzoreke. Kana iko kusadzora kuwanda kwemari yekuwanisa vanhu uye kusada kwevagari kuchengetedza mari yakadzikiswa kunoenderana, maitiro ehupfumi aya anonyanya kubuda. Kazhinji, kana nyika iri mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vanhu vanosarudza kuchinjana mari kune zvinhu kana mari yekunze kuti vachengetedze chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Sezvo zvakaipa sezvo izvi zvinonzwika, zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera. Kana bhanga guru repasi risingakwanise kutora mari yakabayiwa panguva yedambudziko, panorama yese iyi inowedzera.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Chii chinonzi mari yekudyara

Mukati mezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, uye kunyangwe nanhasi, kwave kune nguva zhinji dzekukwira kwemitengo. Kunyangwe vanga vari zviitiko zvakanyanyisa munguva yakapfuura, kusvikira nhasi vanoramba vachikanganisa zvakanyanya hupfumi hwenyika. Munhoroondo yese, zvimwe zviitiko zvakaita sematambudziko emari, zvemagariro kana zvematongerwo enyika kugadzikana kwenyika kana kunetsana kwemauto nemhedzisiro yavo zvakabatana zvakanyanya ne hyperinflation.

Hyperinflation inonzi iriko rini?

Muna 1956, purofesa wezvehupfumi weColumbia University Phillip D. Cagan akakurudzira tsananguro ye hyperinflation. Maererano naye, izvi zvinoshamisa zvinoitika kana inflation yemwedzi nemwedzi inodarika makumi mashanu muzana uye inopera kana mwero uyu unowira pasi pe50% kwegore rimwe chete rakateedzana.

Kune zvekare imwe tsananguro ye hyperinflation inogamuchirwa pasi rese. Izvi zvinopihwa neInternational Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Icho chikamu cheInternational Accounting Standard Board (IASB) uye vamiriri vayo ndevaya vanoona mutemo wepasi rose wekuverengera (IAS). Sekureva kwavo, nyika iri kupfuura ne hyperinflation apo kuwedzera kwe inflation kunowedzera kusvika pamusoro pe 100% pamusoro pemakore matatu emakore.

Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Kana zviri zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tinogona kucherechedza mhedzisiro ye hyperinflation mumamiriro akasiyana kana nekuda kwemaitiro akasiyana. Zvitoro, semuenzaniso, zvinogona kunyange kuchinja mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvavanotengesa kakawanda pazuva. Chii chimwe, huwandu hwevanhu vanotanga kushandisa mari yavo kuzvinhu nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, kuitira kuti usarasikirwe nesimba rekutenga. Zvakajairika kuti vatenge, semuenzaniso, midziyo yemumba kunyangwe ivo vasingadi.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Nzira yekutenga masheya

Chimwe chiitiko chinowanzoitika ndechekuti kukosha kwezvigadzirwa kunotanga kuverengerwa mune yekunze mari iyo yakagadzikana, sezvo yemuno isiri. Mune zvimwe zviitiko kungoerekana kwaita dollarization kunoitwa. Mune mamwe mazwi: Vanhu vanosarudza kuchengeta mari yavo uye voita mashandisirwo emari yekunze chero pazvinogoneka.

Hyperinflation inodzorwa sei?

Kudzora hyperinflation kwakaoma uye chikamu chikuru chevanhu hachina nguva yakanaka panguva yechiitiko chose. José Guerra, nyanzvi mune zveupfumi uye mutevedzeri muNational Assembly, vakadoma matanho mashanu anogona kutorwa kumisa dambudziko rezvehupfumi iri, sekureva kwake kwe hyperinflation. Tichataura pamusoro pavo pazasi:

1. Kudzora kwemari: Iwe haufanire kushandisa mari yakawanda kupfuura inodiwa uye kudzikisira isiri-yekumberi kushandisa munyika iri mubvunzo.
2. Usaburitse imwe inorganic mari. Sekureva kwaJosé Guerra, "mari yega yega yemabhangi nemari munyika zvinofanirwa kutsigirwa nekugadzirwa kwenyika kuti igadzikane."
3. Bvisa kudzora kwekuchinja. Pasina iyo, kuyerera kwekutsinhana kwekunze kunogona kubvumidzwa zvakare
4. Bvisa zvipingamupinyi zvinokanganisa kudyara wega. José Guerra anotenda kuti yemahara kupinza uye kutumira kunze kunofanirwa kubvumidzwa uye nekudaro kuve nechokwadi rusununguko rwekutengesa.
5. Dzorerazve zvikamu.

Ndinovimba chinyorwa ichi chakubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise zvirinani kuti hyperinflation chii uye kuti inoshanda sei. Chaizvoizvo yakafanana ne inflation, asi yakawedzeredzwa uye yakawedzerwa. Nenyanzvi yekudzidza nezve hupfumi tinogona kuiona ichiuya uye kuyedza kugadzirira nemazvo.