Mhedzisiro ndiyo fomu yemubhadharo wehupfumi kune iye anogovera. Mugovani chero munhu ane zvake chikamu chimwe chete mukambani. Uye imwe yenzira dzekuparadzira purofiti inowanikwa ndeyekupa zvikamu. Nenzira iyi, iye mugovani anogamuchira mari yegore rose yakatarwa nekambani.
Kune akawanda marudzi emakambani, akasiyana kubhadhara, dzimwe nguva akakwirira uye dzimwe nguva kwete. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nezano, purofiti, uye yakatarwa capitalization kukosha kwekambani. Vazhinji vacho, dzimwe nguva havatombovagovanisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune vamwe vane goverwo huru kwazvo. Kune akasiyana marongero uye nzira dzekusvika kune yekudyara zvichibva pakudzoka kunogona kutarisirwa kubva kune zvikamu. Neichi chikonzero, isu tiri kuzoshandisa chinyorwa chanhasi kutaura nezve zvikamu.
Ndezvipi zvikamu zvinobva kupi?
Sezvatakaona pakutanga kwechinyorwa, zvikwereti zvinobva pundutso inowanikwa nekambani. Kunyanya, iyo purofiti yakachena. Pamusangano Mukuru, kana zvese zvinodikanwa zvekambani zvatariswa zvikavharwa, zvinotenderanwa kuti chikamu chakagadzirirwa kugovera muzvikamu. Kazhinji, kambani haifanire kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa, kana mune yakanakisa kesi. Saka kuti izvi zvisaitike, uye kuti ive nehupfumi hwakasimba, iyo purofiti inofanira kutanga yashandiswa kubhadhara zvakarasika zvakapfuura kuitira kuve nenzvimbo nemari inovimbisa mashandiro akanaka.
Kana chikamu chebhenefiti chichagoverwa chabvumiranwa, mazuva mashoma ekuendesa anoratidzwa pakarenda. Mhedzisiro inowanzo kuunganidzwa neyakajairika nguva, zvinoenderana nekambani, inogona kuve kugoverwa kwegore rega, yakakamurwa kuita mbiri pagore kubhadhara (pamesita), kana kotatu, kana kutobhadharwa kwakawanda mune zvimwe zviitiko. Kuti uwane chikamu chekubhadhara chikamu, pane inonzi "date rekudzikisira." Ndiro zuva iro kukosha kwechikamu chakadzikiswa kubva kune icho chikamu. Semuenzaniso, isu tine kambani inotengesa pa € 9, uye inobhadhara chikamu che € 50 muna Kubvumbi 0, asi zuva rayo rekudzikisira ndiKurume 20. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zuva iro chiito chaizobva pamutengo € 4 kusvika pa € 20, yeiyo € 9 yakatemerwa kubhadhara.
Maitiro ekuverenga kukosha uye purofiti yemubhadharo wedigidhi?
Zvichienderana nekambani, uye kunyangwe iyo indasitiri, kubhadhara chikamu chinosiyana. Imhaka yekuti kune makambani anowanzo kuve nerupo kupfuura mamwe. Muchokwadi, kunyangwe iyo dividend ichisiyana, chinhu chinonakidza kutsvaga makambani uko muripo wedividendi unotsigirwa uye uchiwedzera pamusoro pemakore. Kune kumwe kuchengetedzwa, uko makambani anga achiwedzera zvakatsiga mibairo yemadigidhi kwemakore mazhinji. Kunyangwe munguva yedambudziko, vakazvichengeta. Iri boka rakasarudzwa remakambani rinozivikanwa se «Zvikamu zveAristocrats".
Kugoverwa kwechikamu cheiyo, yakanyatsogadziriswa nechinzvimbo chekambani, zvese zvehupfumi uye zvine hungwaru. Kune makambani anogadzikana akadai seGoogle (Alphabet), uko pasina mugove unogoverwa, nekuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudzoreredza purofiti kunogona kuunza kukosha kukuru kune iye anogovera, nekuwedzera chinzvimbo chavo uye kuwana mabhenefiti akakura. Vamwe, kune rimwe divi, vanogona kugovera chikamu chidiki kwazvo, senge gumi kana makumi maviri muzana ezvavanowana. Nepo dzimwe dzichiwanzo kuve dzakajairika, uye nekuparadzira avhareji ye10%, sezvazviri neBanco Santander.
Kune chikamu chakakwira kwazvo, zvinokurudzirwa kungwarira. Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuitika nekuti mutengo wemugove wakaderera, uye nekudaro yavo purofiti. Vamwe, kune rimwe divi, vanogona kunge vari kuti kambani iri kuenda panguva dzakaoma, uye kuti irege "kufadza" ivo vagovana, vanogovera yakawandisa muzana, mune dzimwe nguva kunyangwe, pamusoro pezvakawanikwa mubatsiro. Chimwe chinhu chine njodzi mukufamba kwenguva, uchipa zvinopfuura zvaunowana.
Ipi muzana yezve purofiti inowanikwa pamwe nezvikamu zvemasheya?
Zvese zvinoenderana nemutengo wezvikamundiko kuti, yemusika capitalization yenguva iyoyo. Semuenzaniso, mugove we € 0 pamutengo pamugove we € 10 hauna kufanana nechikamu che € 4. Muchiitiko chechipiri purofiti ichave yakapetwa, ichibva pa00% kusvika pa2% purofiti zvakateerana. Nekudaro, sekuona kwatamboita, zvinoenderanawo nepesenti iyo yakapihwa kubva pakubatsirwa kuenda mukugovera.
Kune kambani yakawana bhiriyoni imwe inogovera 1.000% yemubatsiro wayo wakachena, yaizogovera mamirioni mazana mashanu muzvikamu. Mune ino kesi yekufungidzira, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa pamusika wayo capitalization. Ngatimbofungidzira yako capitalization kukosha iri $ 50 bhiriyoni. Izvi zvaizoreva kuti kana ikagovera mamirioni mazana mashanu, iyo purofiti inowanikwa ichave iri 500%.
Fomura yaizoshandiswa yaizowana kubva pakuverenga iyo chikamu pakati pekukosha kwemari yekambani uye kugovera purofiti.
Zvinogara zvichinakidza kutora mukana wekuchinja kwemitengo. Nekudaro, sezvo mugove unowira mumutengo, mugove wedividendi unowedzera kuwedzera. Kunze kwekunge kambani iri kusangana nematambudziko anokanganisa nekukanganisa zvirevo zvemari.
Uye iwo makambani ane yakakwira kana yakanyanya kwazvo mibairo?
Iyi mhando yemamiriro ezvinhu inoitika mune chaiwo kesi. Tinogona kuona kuti kune hupfumi kana dambudziko, uye hupfumi huri kubvumirana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuchengetedzeka makambani mazhinji ari kutengesa paari anogona "kuwedzera kutaridzika." Muzviitiko izvi, zvichave zvichikwanisika kuongorora kushanda pamwe nehupfumi mamiriro angave akaita mamiriro kukambani.
Vamwe, zvisinei, ndezvekuti ivo vari kugovana chirango chakakura kupfuura zvavanofanirwa noutano. Zvinogona kunge nekuti yako homwe inobvumira, kana kuti kuti vachengeti vafare. Tiri kutaura nezvekudzoka kukuru kwe10% kana kunyangwe. Kana makesi umo kuwanda uko iyo kambani yakanyorwa kwakanyanyisa kukwirira nekuda kwerubatsiro rwavanopa. Aya makesi anofanirwa kuongororwa, ona kana iwo manhamba akagadzirwa akanyatsogadzikana, uye ongorora kuti nyore sei kudyara kwerudzi urwu kunogona kuve. Semuenzaniso, kambani inotengesa kanokwana makumi mana purofiti yegore rega, uye ichitipa mugove we40%, inofungidzira zvakanyanya (zvinogona kureva kuti yakapetwa kaviri pane yaakawana).
Kazhinji, kuvhima zvikamu zvakakwirira kwazvo kunoguma kwave kutungamira mukutyisidzira kana kukuvadza kune yedu portfolio iyo ingadai yakadzivirirwa.