Ivhareji inodzoka pamwedzi-gumi nemaviri emabhangi akachengetwa ari kutenderera 0,16%, maererano neazvino dhata yakapihwa neBhangi reSpain. Neine yakaderera kwazvo mhindu semhedzisiro yesarudzo yenhengo dzemari dzeEuropean Union ku dzikisa mutengo wemari munzvimbo yeeuro. Iri zano raireva kuti chigadzirwa chemari ichi hachina kubatsira zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura. Kuti usimudze, panenge pasisina sarudzo kunze kwekutarisa imwe modhi yezvimisikidzo zvinobvumidza kupfuudza iwo aripo epakati pekumiririra.
Chimwe chezvirevo izvi chinogadziriswa nemari yekunze mari, inova iyo yakapihwa chibvumirano mune zvimwe isiri-euro mari. Pakati pavo, US dhora, Swiss franc, Danish krone kana kunyange iyo yen yeJapan. Kunyangwe ichigona kubvumidza purofiti yayo, njodzi dzinobatanidzwa mukuita uku zvakare dzakakwirira. Pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero nekuti zvinoenderana nekuchinjana kwequotation pakati pemari yakasarudzwa uye euro. Uye mhedzisiro yacho haisi iyo nguva dzose inonyanya kufadza zvido zvevashambadzi vadiki nepakati.
Izvi zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza pachako zvinogona kuitirwa pamitengo inodhura kwazvo kumhuri dzese. Kubva ku1.000 euros uye zvichienda mberi, Pasina chinorambidzwa maererano nechinodiwa ichi. Nezvekusingaperi kubva pamazuva mashoma kusvika kumwedzi makumi matatu nematanhatu, semabhengi akajairika. Ichiri kune rimwe divi, michina yayo yekunyorera yakafanana chaizvo nemamwe mafomati.
Mari inoiswa mari: mamiriro
Musiyano wayo zvine chekuita nemadhipoziti akatorwa muma euro ndeyekuti mune aya mamodheru anosanganisira a diki komisheni semhedzisiro yekushandurwa kwemari. Kazhinji, mabhangi anobhadharisa pakati pe0,10% uye 0,15% pane huwandu hwakazara hwekudyara. Kunze kwemubhadharo wakatarwa, haupinze chero komisheni kana mari mukutungamira kwayo kana kugadzirisa. Nekuunganidzwa kwekufarira panguva yekukura, chero izwi rekugara zvachose kune izvo zvigadzirwa zvemabhangi zvinotungamirwa.
Chimwe chezvinhu izvo vanoona sevashandisi ndechekuti ivo vanonyanya kubatsira here. A priori chinhu ichi hachigone kuzivikanwa nekuti zvinoenderana ne quote yemari yakasarudzwa mumisika yemari. Chero zvazvingaitika, hazvingagare zvakanaka pachikonzero ichi uye mune chakashata kesi zvinogona kuburitsa kufarira kwakaipa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekufunga nezvekushanda kwemari uku kune njodzi. Kunyanya kana shanduko yeaya mare emari isingazivikanwe.
Zvakakosha here kuvasimbisa?
Nepo kune rimwe divi, zvinogona zvakare kuitika kuti kusimudzira mukuita mari hakusi kuripa nemari mukutsinhana kwemari. Iko kunogona kuve nekumwe kushamisika panguva yekumiswa kwayo. Nekudaro, iro rakanakira kwazvo nderekuti iwe unogona kushandisa dzakasiyana siyana mari dzepasirese. Uye zvechokwadi mamwe acho achave nekuchinja kwakanaka kwazvo mumisika yemari.
Tinofanira zvakare kuongorora chokwadi chekuti mari yekunze mari inove chinhu chisina kugadzikana chekuvaka mari yekuchengetedza munguva pfupi nepakati. Nekuti yakanyanya kufanana nezvigadzirwa zvinotorwa kubva muzvikwereti pane mari yakatarwa. Hazvishamise kuti purofiti yacho chaiyo inoenderana nemitengo mumisika yemari. Iko kusagadzikana ndeimwe yehunhu hwayo hwakakodzera, sezvo paine misiyano mikuru pakati pemitengo yayo yepamusoro neepasi. Kusvika padanho rekuti iri kirasi reyakagadziriswa-temu dhipoziti inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvido zvevaponesi. Padanho rechimwe chigadzirwa chemari chisina kudzoserwa kana kuvimbiswa.
Kukuvadzwa uye kubatsirwa
Yuro zone yakagadzirira kutanga huwandu hwechikwereti kubva muna 2020, seEuropean Central Bank (ECB) yambiro muchitauro umo munoratidza "kurongeka kuri kuuya kwesarudzo yemari." Parizvino mutengo wemari munzvimbo ino i0%, sezvo aya mazinga akasvika muna 2015 sechiyero chekumisikidza hupfumi hwenyika dzeEuropean Union. Ichi chemari chakakonzera kuti zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemabhengi zviri kunakira kondirakiti kupfuura zvimwe. Iko varimari nevanhu vanotsvaga mari vakakurudzirwa kukuvadza zvido zveva saver. Mumwe nemumwe wavo akagamuchira kurapwa kwakasiyana nemutero wemitero pamatanho epashure enhoroondo.
Hupfumi hweEuropei hwakamirira kukwidziridzwa kwemitengo iyo ichaitwa zvishoma nezvishoma kusiyira zvachose tsika yekuti mari haina kukosha. Chero zvazvingaitika, shanduko iyi inozosiyana hukama huchagadziriswa nevatengi nemasangano emabhangi kubvira kana mari yemubereko yatsva yaitwa, mamiriro ekubvumirana kwezvikwereti zvemunhu, nguva uye maakaundi emari yepamusoro, pakati pevamwe, anozoshanduka. Iko pachave nevanokunda uye vanokundwa zvichibva pane ino shanduko yemari. Asi chaizvo, zvinokanganisa sei chikwama chevashandisi vebhangi?
Kukuvadzwa nenhamba yekukwira
Vanhu vane chikwereti uye vari kuzogadzira chero tambo yechikwereti kubva panguva ino ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa neichi chiyero chehupfumi. Mupfungwa yekuti vanozokanganiswa nekuwedzera kwechido pazvikwereti uye huwandu hwayo hunoenderana nekusimba kwekukwira kwemutengo wemari. Chero zvazvingaitika, muridzi we Mutengi chikwereti, kiredhiti kiredhiti kana mogeji zvinosanganisira zvakawanda zvinoda mari kubva mukukwira kwemutengo wemari.
Munhu ane chikwereti chemogeji kune kukosha kwe100.000 euros mukati memakore makumi maviri nemashanu iine hushoma huwandu hwekuwedzera, nekota yepesenti poindi, zvinoreva kuti kuwedzera kwemazana makumi maviri emauros mumubhadharo wako wemwedzi kubva gore rinouya. Kune rimwe divi, chiitiko ichi chinokonzeresa kuti imba yekupararira iwedzere zvishoma nezvishoma uye hazvigoneke kuibvumirana pazasi pe20%, sezvingaitwe kuburikidza nekupihwa kwebhangi kusvika zhizha rapfuura.
Kuchengetedza kunonyanya kubatsira
Asi, zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza (term deposits, promissory noti, checking account, nezvimwewo) zvichabuda mugomba mavakanyudzwa kusvika zvino nekuda kwekuita kwavo kushoma. Kana mangoti chiyero chikwira, mubairo wavo uchawedzera, pasina kufamba kwakanyanya asi chero zvikaonekwa gore rega rega muhomwe yevashandisi. Parizvino, uye ikapihwa mafambiro mumusika wemari, dhipoziti yebhangi ye10.000 euros pamusoro pemwedzi gumi nemaviri yabva mukugadzira kudzoka kwe12% kusvika 0,14%. Ehezve, haisi iyo mari yakawandisa asi zvirinani inobvumidza goho kuti riwedzere neinosvika gumi euros gore rega.
Kana zvikaitika kuti huwandu hwezvibereko munzvimbo ye euro hwasvika pahafu nehafu muzana mapoinzi, mhedzisiro yacho inozoonekwa kune vanobata zvigadzirwa izvi zvemabhangi. Kusvika padanho iro, sekufungidzira kweBhangi reSpain, chimbadzo chingakwira padhuze neperesenti poindi yemari inochengetwa mumadhipoziti kana maakaundi ebhengi. Zvakadaro, zvichave zvirinani kukanganwa nezve goho riri pamusoro pe5%, rakaitika pasati paitika dambudziko rezvehupfumi ra2007 na2008. Uko huwandu hwechikwereti hwaive pazvikamu zvaro zvepamusoro nemabhangi ainyanya kugamuchira kupa mubayiro vatengi nekuita kwakasarudzika.
Mhedzisiro pane kuenzana
Mukati meichi chiitiko, yakaderera mitero yemitero senge izvo zvazvino zvinobatsira kune vanoita mari mumisika yemari. Pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, nekuti hapana purofiti mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemari uye mhinduro chete ndeyekutenga nekutengesa masheya pamusika wemari senzira yekuvandudza muripo. Kunyangwe, zvakadaro, kufungidzira dzimwe njodzi mukuita basa sezvo pasina chakavimbiswa chiyero chemari. Kana zvisiri, pane kudaro, zviri pamubhadharo wekushanduka kwemisika yemari uye panogona kuitika chinhu kana chimwe chinhu. Kunze kweiyo mugove wekugovera unova mubhadharo paakaundi uyo unogadziriswa uye unovimbiswa gore rega rega.
Nepo kune rimwe divi, kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira dzekudyara, zvimwe zvinangwa zvinounzwa nevashambadzi vadiki nepakati zvinogona kuzadzikiswa. Semuenzaniso, kutenga kana kushorwa kuchikundwa, kuomesa mashandiro mumauptrends kana kutora mukana wekutenga mafambiro. Nemhedzisiro inogona kugutsa kwazvo kune zvido zvevashoma. Kune rimwe divi, kune mari dzekudyara dzinobvumira kudzoserwa kwakachengetedzwa, pamwe nekudzoserwa pane kusevha inosvika 5%. Kunyangwe iine akawedzera makomisheni pane mukutenga nekutengesa masheya pamusika wemasheya. Nemubhadharo unokwanisa kumiririra 2% yeiyozve mari inoitwa nevashandisi. Kune izvo zvauchazofanira kuwedzera purofiti yeimwe yeaya mashandiro kuti ushandise izvi zvinoshandiswa mukutungamira.