Chikamu chakanaka chemakambani einishuwarenzi chinopa vanozvishandira mukana wekunyorera mutemo we kuremara kwenguva pfupi, iyo inovabvumidza kuchengetedza yavo mari panguva iyo ivo yavanotadza kuita yavo yehunyanzvi chiitiko. Tichifunga nezvechiitiko ichi, hazvishamise kuti mabhangi nemakambani einishuwarenzi akachinjisa zvaanoona kuzvishandira, achivapa zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa ivo uye nezvavanoda. Nemavharo akasiyana ayo ari kure kubva kune echinyakare einishuwarenzi mamodheru.
Mukati meichi chirevo chizere, ichi chinopihwa chine zvigadzirwa zviviri, kune rumwe rutivi iyo inishuwarenzi yekuremara kwenguva pfupi, iyo inobvumira chengetedza mari yako munguva dzavasingakwanise kuita basa ravo. Uye kune rimwe divi, marongero ezvehutano, ayo ane huwandu hwekurapa hwekurapa uye vimbiso yekuchengetwa muchipatara kana paine chero chiitiko mukirasi ino yevanobata mutemo. Iyo, kazhinji, inishuwarenzi inobatsira kwazvo kune vanozvishandira vanozvishandira, izvo pamusoro pezvose zvinovavimbisa mari shoma, kana varwara kana tsaona. Iine iyo yekuwedzera mukana wekupa mutero kugadzirisa mune yavo yekuhaya
Imwe yeaya mamodheru inishuwarenzi yehurema yenguva pfupi, iyo inobvumidza muridzi kuti achengete mari yake chero bedzi asingakwanise kuita basa rake rehunyanzvi. Nenishuwarenzi yegore rino inovandudzwa, ndiye muridzi uyo anosarudza mari yezuva nezuva yaanoshuvira kugamuchira uye kuti kana achida kuitengesa mumakore anotevera. Iine mukana we bhadhara iyo premium, kungave pagore kana muzvikamu. Uye zvakare, iwe unozokwanisa kubatsirwa kubva kuvimbiso mbiri, iyo yehurema hwenguva pfupi uye hwekuchengetwa muchipatara pane chero chikonzero, pakati pezvimwe zvinobatsira.
Mitemo ine zororo rekurwara
Chero zvazvingaitika, inishuwarenzi yezororo rekurwara ndiyo imwe yakanyanya kupararira muchipo chinoratidzwa nemasangano ese emari nemakambani einishuwarenzi pachawo. Nemafomula senge matsva senge, semuenzaniso, ayo anobva mukuvapa mari yezuva nezuva yekuremara kwenguva pfupi. Iko iko mamiriro anogona kugadzirwa akadaro anofungidzirwa mhedzisiro yetsaona, kuzvara kana kurwara, pakati pezvimwe zviitiko. Pane kupokana, haina kupa imwe yekuwedzera mari yekutyaira mota mune chero ayo maitiro.
Icho chigadzirwa chinomira pamusoro pezvose nekuti ivo vafunga kusanganisira yakakosha kufukidza tsaona dzinoitika zvese mukusimudzira kwavo kwehunyanzvi chiitiko uye muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Nepo kune rimwe divi, zvakafanirawo kusimbisa kuti panguva ino rudzi urwu rweinishuwarenzi yakanangana nekutengeswa kuitira kuti vashandi vanozvishandira vagone kutora kubva pazuva rekutanga mari yavanomira kugamuchira panguva yavanenge vasipo , chero bedzi ichipfuura mazuva matatu akateedzana. Iine iko chaiko mukana wekutsemura pasina chero mubairo seimwe yezvakanakisa zvinokurudzirwa kubhadharwa pakati peichi chikamu chevanhu veSpanish.
Inishuwarenzi capital yeavo vanozvishandira
Imwe yedzakasiyana misiyano ndeyeiyo ine chekuita nechikamu chayo, kufukidzwa senge iyo yakatemerwa kuvimbisa mubhadharo kune ivo vanowana iro guta guru rakachengetedzwa nemubati. Mune ino kesi, pakati peinishuwarenzi vimbiso pane zvinotevera izvo isu zvatafumura pazasi: rufu, kufa netsaona, kuremara kwakazara uye kusingaperi kwechikonzero chipi zvacho, pakati pezvimwe zvakakosha. Ipo kune rumwe rutivi, zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kune inshuwarisi inodarika zviuru zana zveeuros uye nevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu ekuberekwa, bvunzo yekurapwa yemahara inofanira kupfuudzwa.
Chimwe chirevo chevashandi vanozvishandira ndicho chinonzi zvirongwa zvakakwana izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuripira mari inorasika kana paine zororo rekurwara. Inogona zvakare kupihwa chibvumirano chekuona kurwara kwevashandi kana zororo rezvetsaona, uye kudzikisira pasi mari dzinogadzirwa, vanozvishandira vachiwana mubhadharo muripo wenguva yavanogara vasina basa. Uye zvakare, nemuenzaniso uyu mumitemo iwe unogona kunakidzwa nekuvharwa kwekurapa, pamwe nechivimbiso chekuchengetwa muchipatara kune chero chikonzero.
Ivo vane muripo wezuva nezuva wepakati pe25 euros iyo inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika makumi mashanu euros, kubva pazuva rekutanga. Uye zvakare, mubati wemitemo achagamuchira yekuwedzera muripo, kana iko kuregera kuchiitika semhedzisiro yetsaona uye kureba kwayo kuri kukuru kupfuura mazuva makumi matatu. Chimwe chezvifungo mukirasi ino yezvigadzirwa zveinishuwarenzi kupa maviri marongero mune rimwe. Kune rimwe divi, iya yetsaona, ine muripo wekutanga pamwe nemari yemwedzi pamakore gumi nemashanu muchiitiko chekufa kana kuremara zvachose. Uye kune imwe yacho, mutemo wekurwara, nemari yehutano husingagumi. Semhedzisiro, yezviitiko zvekuremara kwehunyanzvi, yekutanga muripo we30 euros uye mari yemwedzi nemwedzi ye15 euros ichabhadharwa kweanopfuura makore mashanu chete.
Zvekuremara kwehunyanzvi
Imwe mhinduro yechikamu chakakosha cheruzhinji chakavakirwa pakufukidza kwehurema hwese hwehunyanzvi, kune chero chiitiko chehunyanzvi nemari inowanikwa pamwedzi yemakore gumi uye ongororo yegore negore yakatenderedza 2%. Nepo kune rimwe divi, mamwe mafomati akagadzirwa nemakambani einishuwarenzi akavakirwa pakupa vanozvishandira inishuwarenzi yetsaona yechikamu chehunyanzvi ichi, icho chinofukidza kufa netsaona, kuremara zvachose uye kwekanguva kuremara kana kuremara kuzere kana kwakakwana. Mupiro mukuru weichi chikumbiro ndechekuti ndiye muridzi iye amene anogona kusarudza huwandu hwesimba, achipa kwakanyanya kuchinjika kumipiro.
Izvo, muchidimbu, chipo chakakura kwazvo muchikamu cheinishuwarenzi chakazvimiririra chinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevashandi ava. Kunze kwekumwe kufunga kwehunyanzvi hunhu uye pamwe zvakare kubva pakuona kwezvakakosha. Mune ipi mhinduro kumatambudziko anogona kuunzwa kune aya mahunyanzvi. Kubva pamarapirwo akasiyana siyana uye nemupiro wakasiyana muhupfumi mumaprimiyamu avo egore. Saka kuti nenzira iyi dziviriro yako iwedzere mune akasiyana mamiriro ehupenyu hwako.
Zvakanakira kuhaya
Chimwe chezvinhu chinofanirwa kukosheswa zvakanyanya zviri izvo zvine chekuita nekudzivirira kwevashandi vanozvishandira. Kusvika padanho rekuvhara kwako ivo vanokusiya iwe yakavharwa zvirinani pamberi pechero mhando yezviitiko kana tsaona. Nepo kune rimwe divi, ivo vanogona kufungisisa nguva yavari ivo vasina kusimudzira yavo yehunyanzvi chiitiko. Kuburikidza nezvikamu zvepamwedzi zvavanogona kunakidzwa kwemwedzi mishoma, kunyangwe zviine hushoma pamari yavanogamuchira panguva iyoyo.
Chimwe chezvinangwa zvechero munhu anozvishandira kuzvidzivirira uye neiyi pfungwa rudzi rwakadai rweinishuwarenzi chaiyo inogutsa izvi zvido. Nemafomati akasiyana uye uko imwe neimwe yadzo haina kufanana neiyo imwe. Zvekuti nenzira iyi, iyo yakakodzera kwazvo kune yega yega inogona kusarudzwa. Zvakare nekusiyana kudiki maererano nemutengo weizvi zvigadzirwa zveinishuwarenzi.
Inesarudzo yekuvhara chikamu
Vanozvishandira vanogona kubvumirana sezvivharo zvekuzvisarudzira zvimwe izvo zvekusarudzika uye izvo zvinoda kubhadharwa kwekuwedzera mumubhadharo wepagore wepasirose. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvakavharirwa zvinoitirwa kurapwa kwakakodzera kwezororo rekurwara revashandi vanozvishandira. Imwe yeanowanzozivikanwa ndeye kuiswa muchipatara yemisoro yavo. Iko, kwekuvhara uku muridzi wemitemo aigamuchira imwezve mari kana, kana achinge arwara kana tsaona, akagamuchirwa kuchipatara kwemaawa mashoma makumi maviri nemana.
Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha ndeye inoenderana neiyo kumiswa kwebasa. Mune ino kesi, kana iye akapihwa inishuwarenzi achizvishandira uye achipa kuIyo-Inoshanda Yekuchengetedzeka Kwemagariro, Mutual, Montepío kana sangano rakafanana sekusarudzwa nemutemo. Mhedzisiro yaro haizove imwe kunze kwekuti pakupedzisira iwe unozovimbiswa muripo wemwedzi wega wekurega kusazvipira kweichi chiitiko chako. Inonyanya kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo vanhu ava vasina mabasa kana vachifanira kusiya basa ravo rehunyanzvi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemari.
30% yeavo vanozvishandira vaizokwidza mupiro wavo
Chaizvoizvo mumwe muvatatu vanozvishandira vashandi, 28,7%, vaizokwidza hwaro hwechipo kuSocial Security kana mabhenefiti avanopihwa akavandudzwa, maererano neshumo "Iye anozvishandira mushandi pamberi pekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu”Inoitwa neNational Federation of Associations yeVanozvishandira Vashandi, ATA yeFundación MAPFRE.
Chidzidzo, mhedzisiro yeongororo yevanopfuura 1.800 vashandi vanozvishandira, Chinangwa chayo ndechekuongorora maitiro evanozvishandira kumasocial social, eruzhinji uye ekuwedzera masystem, uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwavo rwemari neinishuwarenzi kuitira kuti vagone kuita sarudzo dzakajeka nezveramangwana ravo.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti makumi masere neshanu muzana evanozvishandira vanopa pekutanga, iyo iri mu86 yakaiswa pa2019 euros pamwedzi. Kunyangwe paine huwandu uhu, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti 944,40% yeboka inofungidzirwa kuti ishandure uye kuwedzera yavo mupiro, iyo 37,9% inoratidza kuti vaizozviita kana mabhenefiti akapihwa kuboka akagadziriswa.