Deflation

Deflation ndiyo inopesana nezvingave inflation. Ichi chinyorwa chichaedza kutsanangura zvazviri, nei chiripo, zvakanakira nekuipira kwe deflation. Kupesana nerinopokana naro ratiri kujaira, inflation. Kana inflation ikava kukwira kwakawanda kwemitengo, deflation ndiko kuderera kwakawanda kwemitengo. Nekudaro, nei imwe nguva ichiitika, dzimwe nguva imwe, uye nei ichiitika semuenzaniso munguva dzazvino?

Pane nzira here yekuwana imwe bhenefiti kubva pazviri? Chokwadi ndechekuti zvinoitika pane dzimwe nhambo, hachisi chinhu chinojairika uye hachiwanzofungidzira ramangwana rakanaka Zvehupfumi kutaura. Kazhinji inouya kana kupihwa kuchidarika chinodikanwa, ndiko kuti, kana kushandiswa kuri kufa. Uku kugadzirwa kwakanyanyisa muzvinhu kana zvigadzirwa kunoenderana nekuderera kwese kwemitengo, uye ndipo panotangira kushomeka, kunyanya kana uku kudonha kuchiitika munzvimbo zhinji dzakasiyana.

Chii chinonzi deflation?

Deflation inozivikanwawo seyakanyanya kuzivikanwa inflation. Kazhinji inogadziriswa neyakawandisa mukupa izvo "zvinomanikidza" kupedzisa kudzikisa mitengo yezvinhu zvinogona kutengwa. Uku kuwandisa kunogona kugadziriswa nekutadza kuwana zvinhu nevanhu, kana nekushomeka kwekukurudzira uye / kana zvinokurudzira kuzviwana. Inowanzo sangana nematambudziko ezvehupfumi, uye mienzaniso yakanaka yeiyi ingangove Kushushikana Kukuru kwakatora nguva mukati ma1930 kana iyo Dambudziko reMari ra2008. Muzviitiko izvi, makambani, achida kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvavo uye kwete kuunganidza mari, nzira yekupedzisa kudzikisa mitengo kuitira kuti yavo mibairo miganho ideredzwa.

Mhedzisiro pasocial inowanzo kukanganisa mapoinzi sekugovaniswa kweupfumi uye kusaenzana munharaunda. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kubva kunekuti vakweretesi vanobatsirwa zvakanyanya kupfuura vane chikwereti, vane zvisungo zvavanofanira kuramba vachibhadhara.

Zvinokonzera, sezvataona, kazhinji zviri zviviri, kuwandisa mukupa kana kushomeka kwekuda. Ine zvishoma zvakwakanakira, uye zvakati wandei zvakaipira, izvo zvatichaenda kuzoona pazasi.

Kubatsirwa

Vadzidzi vechikoro veAustria vanopokana kuti deflation ine mhedzisiro. Chinhu chete chinowanikwa kuwanikwa ikozvino ndechekuti sezvo mitengo inodonha, simba rekutenga revatengi raizowedzera, kunyanya iya yeavo vane mari. Nekudaro, kufunga uku kweheterodox zvakare kunofungidzira kuti deflation inounza dambudziko kune hupfumi munguva pfupi.

payakaipira

Deflation ine yakawanda yakateedzana yezvakashata mhedzisiro kune iyo hupfumi iyo yatichaona pazasi. Nekudaro, pamusoro pezvese chokwadi uye zvinoitika zvinobva mazviri, njodzi yekushomeka iri mukureruka kwekuwira mudenderedzwa rinotyisa uye kuti zvakaoma sei kubuda mazviri.

• Basa rehupfumi rakaderedzwa.
• Kudiwa kwakaderedzwa, kungave nekuda kwekuwandisa kugovera kana simba rekutenga. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa kupfuura zvingave zvichidikanwa zvinehutano.
• Kuderedza mumiganhu yemubhadharo mumakambani.
• Izvo zvinokanganisa kushaya basa kana kwapera kunowedzera.
• Kusagadzikana kwehupfumi kunosvika pakakwirira.
• Gadzira kuwedzera kweicho chaicho chimbadzo.

Unogona kuona kuoma kwazvakaita kumisa kuita kwakaomarara uku. Kana kudiwa kwadzikiswa, uye margins anowa, kushaikwa kwemabasa kunoguma kuri kuwedzera. Nekudaro, kana kushaikwa kwemabasa kukamuka, kuda kunogona uye kucharamba kuchidonha.

Mienzaniso yekushomeka munhoroondo yese

Isu takaona kushomeka kwakarova mushure mematambudziko akaoma akange aripo muma1930 nedambudziko rezvemari muna2008. Zvisinei, uye kunyangwe chave chiri chinhu chakazvimiririra uye chisingawanzoitika muzana rese rapfuura tinowana mienzaniso yenyika dzakatambura nazvo.

Iyo 'Japanization' yehupfumi dzimwe nguva inonzi inotsanangura maitiro eECB kune yakaderera mitezo nekutepfenyura hunhu hweCentral Bank yeJapan. Iyi nguva yekumira mumitero yepasi yakadzvanywa pamwe nekuderera kwakatanga muma90 uye kuchiripo nanhasi. Iko kwekuwedzera kwemutengo kudonha kwatova -25%.

Nedambudziko razvino, iyo specter yedeflation inosimuka zvakatonyanya kusimba uye ndeyekuti chimiro chayo chaitotyiwa kare. Mumakore ekupedzisira, nyika dzakasimukira dzange dzichidzikisa mibairo yadzo, uye takaona zvisungo nemitero yakaipa kakawanda uye kazhinji, izvo zvazvino tsika zvaisambofungika. Semuenzaniso, gore risati ratanga dambudziko rakakomba rehutano, muna Kukadzi 2019, huwandu hwenyika makumi matatu nenomwe dzakasimukira dzaive dzichitodzikisa mibairo yemari yavo. Deflation ingozi yakaoma chaizvo kugadzirisa uye kurudziro yekuidzivirira yakasimba kwazvo.

Mhedzisiro yehupfumi hweSpanish

Deflation mune kesi yeSpain ine yakatonyanya kuwedzera yakaipa maitiro. Muchokwadi, kwemwedzi uno waChikunguru, iyo CPI yaive -0% zvakadaro chiyero chemukati memukati chinoramba chiri pa -0%, asi Nyamavhuvhu akaperekedza kuwedzera kwe0% kuisa chiyero chemukati -1%. Ndeipi mhedzisiro ine deflation ine hupfumi hweSpanish? Yenguva refu uye yakapararira mutengo kuderera kunogona kupa hukuru simba rekutenga kune vatengi. Zvisinei, purofiti micheto yemakambani yakadzikiswa.

Kana mari yevashandi ikachengetedzwa uye kushaikwa kwemabasa kuri kukuru, sezvazviri muSpain, iyo cocktail inoputika ine njodzi zvakanyanya, sezvo zviri zviitiko zviviri zvinodyidzana. Kune rimwe divi, makambani anomanikidzwa kudzikisira mibairo yavo yepfuma kuti varambe vachikwikwidza. Izvi zvinovatadzisa kuwana zvakanakira bhizinesi mabhenefiti, pamwe nekuve nemari yekuita mari. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuchando kana kudzikisa mihoro yevashandi, inowedzera kunyura kushandiswa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari. Kana kune izvi zvikawedzerwa kushomeka kwekuchengetedza pamhuri imwe neimwe, zvinokwanisika kuti kudzvinyirira kwakakomba kwemashandisirwo emukati menyika kunogona kuwedzerwa. Nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuri kudonha uye veruzhinji chikwereti chichikwira mukumuka kwedambudziko, iyo tarisiro yedeflation inogona kunge iine makore ebonanza kumberi.