Panguva yese yekuvapo kweiyo mari yehurongwa Nhasi tasangana nedzimwe nguva dzisiri dzakakodzera kwazvo idzo hurumende dzakatora dzimwe matanho epamutemo kukwanisa kudzora hupfumi hwenyika; uye ndezvekuti, kana mimwe mitemo ikasaiswa, hupfumi hunogona kukanganisika zvakanyanya. Imwe yemaitiro akagadzirwa panguva yeimwe yenguva dze dambudziko ndere corralito, asi chii ichocho?
Mutambo wekutamba Zviri, kutaura zvakapamhama, chibvumirano chinoiswa nehurumende, umo vanhu vasina mari yemahara yavanowana kubva kumaakaunzi-eakareba, kutarisa maakaundi nemabhangi ekuchengetedza. Asi zvakaitika rini? Chii ichochi? Tevere, isu tichapindura mimwe mibvunzo yakakosha kuti tinzwisise iyo corralito yemari.
Mhemberero yemari yekutamba
Pazuva rechitatu raZvita 2001, hurumende ine hunyanzvi yemukuru Fernando de la Rúa yakaita corralito yaitora rinenge gore rimwe chete. Izvi zvakaitika munyika yeLatin America yeArgentina. Uye chokwadi ndechekuti chiyero ichi ndechimwe chinhu chakange chakanyanyisa mumaziso evanhu, zviri nekuda kweizvi kuti mutungamiri weRaa akamanikidzwa kusiya chigaro chake, izvo zvakazotungamira nyika kumamiriro ezvinhu. kupera uye kusagadzikana zvese zvemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika; dambudziko rakatora makore akati wandei.
Chinangwa cheichi chiyero chakatsanangurwa sekuda kudzivirira mari kubva kubhengi system; nenzira iyi mabhanga aisazotora decapitalization, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvaizotungamira kubhanga rekutya dambudziko, ndosaka zvaizoita kuti banking system ipunzike zvachose.
Kunyangwe ichi chiyero chiri icho chakatorwa, dzimwe sarudzo dzaigona kunge dzakaitwa kuitira dzivisa kuderedzwa kwemabhangi; mumwe wavo ndiye akataurwa naMinister weEconomy, Domingo Cavallo; avo vakakurudzira kuti kukurudzira vanhu kuti vashandise zvakanyanya nzira dzemagetsi dzekubhadhara kwaizoguma nehupfumi hunoshanda umo huwandu hwevanhu hwaizowana mukana wekufamba kwemari yavo. Ichi chiyero chingadai chakadzivirira hurumende kunzvenga mutero, uye panguva imwechete zvaizoita kuti vanhu vavimbe zvakanyanya mubhengi system uye kuisa mari yakawanda.
Zvino, izwi rekuti corralito yakaumbwa muna 2001, uye yakaitwa nemutori wenhau ane hunyanzvi hwehupfumi Antonio Laje. Ichi chiitiko chakaitika apo aive achitungamira chikamu chezvehupfumi mune yainge iri chirongwa chaDaniel Hadad. Chiitiko ichi chaive chakakosha mukusimudzira kwezviitiko zvenguva iyoyo, uye ndezvekuti mune izvi chokwadi chekuti hurumende yakadzora zvakanyanya rusununguko rwevashandisi veiyo nzira yekubhengi, pakati peiyo inosanganisira kushandisa yako wega mari chero nguva, izvo zvakakonzera kusagutsikana pakati pevashandisi vese.
Zvakaitika sei mu playpen?
Chokwadi ichi chinotanga kuitika kana iyo kurega mari, nekuti kusvika pamwedzi waMbudzi wegore rakataurwa kubviswa kwavo kwakayerera kudarika 67 zviuru zvemamirioni; Ndiyo data iyi inopa hurumende nhungamiro yekutora danho rekuvaka corralito. Asi chii chaisanganisira?
Kunyanya, chiitiko ichi chaive nezvakateedzana zvezvirambidzo, zvinorambidzwa izvo zvaive zvakanangana nemabasa emapoka maviri evanhu Kutanga, tinowana zvinorambidzwa kune veruzhinji uye chechipiri tinowana zvinorambidzwa kumabhangi, ngatione kuti chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine chii.
Kana ari zvinorambidzwa veruzhinji takaona kuti vashandisi havagone kutora mari inopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu paso kana mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emadhora, chitsama chemari pavhiki. Uye izvi zvichirambidzwa kumaakaundi ese aive muzita remuridzi, saka zvaive zvisinganakidze kana aine account mune iri kana iro bhangi, nekuti pavhiki aigona chete kuwana $ 25 kubva kuaccount yake.
Kurambidzwa kwechipiri ndekwe ita shanduko kunze kwenyikaIzvi zvaingoshanda kune vashandisiwo zvavo, nekuti zviitiko izvi zvaibvumidzwa kune izvo zvinoenderana nekutengeserana kwekunze, pamwe nekubhadharwa kwemubhadharo kana kubvisa kwakamboitwa kamwe kunze kwenyika. Neiyi nzira kwakaedzwa kuti bhanga renyika haripedze mari yekushandisa nayo.
Iye zvino ndiri kuzotaura nezve iyo zvinorambidzwa nemasangano emari, Kutanga, ngatiitei mareferenzi kune chokwadi chekuti ivo vaisatenderwa kuita mashandiro pesos, pamusoro peizvi, sarudzo dzekufamba pamwe nemari dzekunze dzakarambidzwa. Zvakare, aya masangano aisatenderwa kuitisa arbitrations zvakananga kana zvisina kunangana; Kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu umo mashandisirwo akashandurwa kuita madhora, chero mukweretesi akabvuma kufamba.
Chimwe chezvirambidzo ndezvekuti mitengo yemubereko yaive yakakwira kupfuura zvaienzana nemari, kungave mu pesos kana madhora, zvaisagona kupihwa. Panguva ino zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti mashandiro anga achishanda anogona kushandurwa kuita mari yekunze, chero mutemo wekushandura usina kutariswa. 23.928, zvichireva kuti zviitiko zvacho zvaigona kudzorwa nenzira iri nyore.
Yekupedzisira iyo zvinorambidzwa zvinoshanda kumasangano Iyo ndiyo isingavatenderi kubhadharisa chero komisheni kune chero shanduko yemari. Kunze kwekuti mashandiro anoitwa kuburikidza nemaakaunzi akavhurwa mumasangano emari. Izvi zvaireva kurasikirwa kwakawanda kwemasangano emari, izvo zvinoratidza kuti ivo chete vasina kugutsikana nemhedzisiro yesarudzo iyi havasi ivo vashandisi, asiwo masangano emari akakanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesarudzo yekushandisa corralito.
Zvinangwa zvemari corralito
Kunyange hazvo chinangwa chikuru cheichi chiyero chakatotsanangurwa, ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuti zviitiko zvakarongwa kuti zviitike sei. Pfungwa yekutanga yekufunga ndeyekuti yaishuvira kudzivirira leakage yemadhibhodhi muiyo banking system, kuvuza uku kwakave chiitiko chechiitiko umo vashandisi vakarasa chivimbo mubhangi system. Mukana wekubhururuka kwakakura kudaro, ipapo fungidziro yaizoitika pane zvingangoitika kubva mukutendeuka, mamiriro ezvinhu angave asingafarire mabhengi system uye nehurongwa hwemari zvachose.
Saka tichifunga nezve ruzivo urwu uye fungidziro idzi, sarudzo inoitwa yekuita mutambo wakashata, iyo corralito, pachishandiswa iyo yainge yakarongerwa kudzivirira kunzi kuregera kukuru kwemari.
Chimwe chinangwa chavaifunga mupfungwa dzavo ndechekuita nekuchengetedza a kuyerera kwemari kuitira kuti hupfumi husamire nekuti vanhu vaisakwanisa kuwana mari yavo, asi zvaifungidzirwa kuti kuyerera kwemari kwakachengetedzwa mukati mehurongwa hwekubhanga kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemakadhi ekubhengi. Kupa izvi zvese zvinangwa zvehurumende, kwete chete iyo yemahara yemushandisi yekuwana kumari yavo, asiwo vazhinji vevashandisi vakamanikidzwa kutora makadhi kuitira kuti vawane mari yakati, kunyangwe vaisagona kuwana mari iri mari kana vaigona kuwana zvinhu kuburikidza nemabhangi.
Saka chinangwa icho hurumende yaitsvaga chaive chekuti chengetedza iyo banking system yakagadzikana, uye sezvakataurwa mundima dzapfuura, iyi yaingova imwe chete yesarudzo dzakawanda dzinogona kutariswa kuitira kuti kuyerera kwemari kushande mukati memabhengi mabhengi.
Mhedzisiro yeiyo playpen
Imwe yeiyo huru mhedzisiro yekutambaImhaka yekuti yaive sarudzo yakatorwa nechimbichimbi, saka pakanga pasina nguva yekupindura kune avo vanobatanidzwa kujairana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Nekuda kweiyi shanduko yechimbichimbi muhurongwa, hupfumi hwenyika hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya, sezvo hwakawanda hwehupfumi hwakatadziswa ne kushomeka kwemari.
Nekuda kwezviri pamusoro apa, zvese zvekutengeserana nechikwereti zvakaremara, zvichikonzera hupfumi kumira munzira yakakosha. Chikamu cheichi ndechekuti chikamu chevanhu vane chikwereti chayo kuchengetedza hupfumi husina kurongwa, saka sezvo vanhu vashoma vaive nemari yakakwana kuti vakwanise kutenga zuva nezuva, izvo zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya mararamiro evanhu, vese vatengi nevatengesi veiyi system.
Mhedzisiro yakakomba yakaitwa munyika yakavakidzana yeUruguay, uye ndeyekuti vagari vemuArgentina vaive nepfungwa yekukwanisa kutora mari yavo mumabhangi enyika yakavakidzana, zvisinei, chiitiko ichi chakakonzera kuti dambudziko rivepo muna 2002 bhangi reUruguay, imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa munhoroondo yayo, uye yakakonzerwa nehurumende yeArgentina.