Wakambonzwa here nezve EPA? Unoziva here kuti chii? Ndicho chirevo cheLabour Force Survey, inonyatso kuzivikanwa, asi havazi vazhinji vanorangarira kutora chikamu mazviri.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvese izvo zvinosanganisira EPA, nechinangwa icho chinoitwa, kuti inoshanda sei uye kuti ungachinzwisise sei, ipapo tinokupa makiyi ekuti udaro.
Chii chinonzi EPA
Sezvatakambokuudza kare, iyo EPA ndicho chirevo cheiyo Inoshanda Yehuwandu hweVanhu. Icho chiverengero kudzidza umo data yemusika wevashandi inounganidzwa uye panowanikwa huwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa.
Mune mamwe mazwi, tiri kutaura nezve gwaro rinosimbisa shanduko yemusika wevashandi, ichiparadzanisa vanhu vanoshanda (mushandi) kubva kune vasinga shande (vasingashandi).
Kana iwe usingazive, iyo EPA yanga iripo kubva 1964 uye chinangwa ndechekuziva mamiriro ehuwandu hwevanhu, ndiko kuti, kana vakabatikana, vachishanda, vasingashande kana vasingashande. Asi hazviitwe kumamirioni evaSpanish, asi chete kune imwe sampu yemamwe makumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu emhuri kota imwe neimwe. Mune mamwe mazwi, mhuri mazana maviri ezviuru "vanobvunzurudzwa" pagore.
Nyanzvi zhinji dzinozviona se "Chiratidzo chakanakisa kuziva shanduko yebasa nekushaikwa kwemabasa", Kunyangwe vamwe vachifunga kuti yagara isingachashandi, pamusoro pekuti hazvigoneke kuziva kana iyo data iri yechokwadi, kunyanya pabasa reB kana mamiriro ezvinhu ari kushanda munhu asi asina kuitwa zviri pamutemo (anoramba asingashandi asi anoshanda).
Kiyi EPA Concepts
Kuti unzwisise mhedzisiro inobuda muEPA, zvakafanira kuti utore pfungwa dzinoverengeka dzakakosha dzinoona kuti munhu wese ari muboka ripi. Izvi ndeizvi:
Assets
Zvingave pamusoro vanhu vane makore gumi nematanhatu kana kupfuura uye vanowanikwa kubasaasi havasati vawana basa.
Nekudaro, ivo vari kushingairira kutsvaga basa kuti vapinde mumusika wevashandi.
Kubatikana
Ivo vanhu, zvakare gumi nevatanhatu kana kupfuura, avo parizvino vane basa. Ndokunge, ivo vanopa kumusika wevashandi nebasa ravo mukutsinhana nemubhadharo.
Nekudaro, vanhu ava vakapatsanurwa kuita vashandi vanoshandirwa (izvo zvakaparadzaniswa neruzhinji uye zvakavanzika), uye vanozvishandira (vanozove vanozvishandira, vanamuzvinabhizimusi vasina vashandi, vashandirwi, nezvimwewo).
Chimwe chikamu chinotorwa mukufungwa ndechekuti munhu wacho anoshanda akazara-kana chikamu-chenguva.
Vasina basa
Iri boka raizosanganisira iyo vanhu vane makore gumi nematanhatu kana kudarika avo parizvino vasingashandi, inowanikwa uye iri kutsvaga basa.
Sei vachitorwa semabasa uye vasingashande? Zvakanaka, nekuti ivo vanoenda kuburikidza chero eanotevera mamiriro:
- Vakaenda kuhofisi yebasa revanhu kuti vatsvage basa.
- Ivo vaenda kuhofisi yebasa yakazvimirira vachitsvaga basa.
- Ivo vari kushingairira kuendesa kunyorera kwavo kune angangoita mabasa.
- Ivo vakapindura kune zvinyorwa zvebasa.
- Ivo vakapinda mukusarudzika kwevashandi maitiro.
- Ivo vari kutarisira kutora.
- Vane basa ravanomirira kuti vapinde.
Kushanda
Chekupedzisira, vasina basa vanoonekwa seEPA sevanhu vane makore gumi nematanhatu kana kudarika avo vasina kuiswa mune mamwe mapoka.
Muchokwadi, vangave vanhu vasina basa asi vasiri kuritsvagawo.
Chii chiri chinangwa cheEPA
Sekusimbiswa muLabour Force Survey, zvinangwa zvinotevera neEPA Ndizvo:
«Ziva basa rehupfumi maererano nechikamu chayo chevanhu. Inotarisirwa kupa data pamusoro pehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu zvine chekuita nemusika wevashandi (vanoshanda, vasina basa, vanoshanda, vasina basa) uye kuwana kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu izvi zvichienderana nehunhu hwakasiyana. Izvo zvinoita zvakare kuti zvikwanise kugadzira homogeneous nguva akateedzana emhedzisiro. Chekupedzisira, sekutsanangurwa uye zviyero zvinoshandiswa zvinowirirana neizvo zvakamisikidzwa nemasangano epasirese anobata nenyaya dzevashandi, inobvumira kuenzaniswa nedhata kubva kune dzimwe nyika.
Yakatsanangurwa mhedzisiro inowanikwa yeboka renyika. Kune vemunharaunda vanozvimiririra nemapurovhinzi, ruzivo rwunopihwa pazvinhu zvikuru nedanho rekusiyana rinotenderwa neyakaenzana yekusiyana kweanofungidzira ”.
Mune mamwe mazwi, chinangwa chayo kuziva kuti nderipi boka revanhu riri kushanda, rinoshanda, risingashande uye risingashandi.
Sekutsanangurwa
Kuti unzwisise mashandiro anoita EPA, chinhu chekutanga iwe chaunofanirwa kuziva ndechekuti Maitiro anotevera ndeaya anotsanangurwa neInternational Labor Organisation (ILO). Sezvatakambokuudza kare, inoitwa makota matatu kuboka revanhu vemhuri makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Makore acho anofanira kunge ari pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu nemakumi manomwe nemana ekuberekwa. Vese vanhu vezera iri "vanosungirwa" kushandira pamwe nekupa ruzivo rwechokwadi.
Zvino, kana vanhu vese vari mumhuri vakaramba bvunzurudzo yekutanga, ipapo boka remhuri rinogona kutsiviwa nerimwe. Asi kana izvi zvikaitika mushure mekubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga, ipapo vanozosimbirira kuti vapindure mushure mekanguva (mumatatu matatu anotevera).
Izvi zvinoreva here kuti tinogona kuzviramba? Hongu, nguva dzose mubvunzurudzo yekutanga uye nekuramba kwakafanana kubva kumhuri yese. Ehe, iwe unofanirwa kuzadza isina kunaka remibvunzo.
Avo vanogamuchira kubvunzurudzwa vanopfuura nemuongororo dzakateedzana. Yekutanga yavo inoitwa mumunhu uye mumunhu, inoitwa nevabvunzurudzo kubva kuINE (National Institute of Statistics) apo zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kuitwa mumunhu kana nefoni).
Kuti uite izvi, munhu wega wega anobvunzwa kuva nenguva yekutaura vhiki risati rapera kubvunzurudzwa.
Iyo data inogara ichiitwa yeruzhinji pakupera kwaGumiguru, Ndira, Kubvumbi uye Chikunguru, ichipa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvehuwandu hwevanhu.
Sezvauri kuona, zviri EPA zviri nyore kunzwisisa. Muchokwadi, mukati mehupenyu hwedu hwese zvinokwanisika kuti, pane imwe nguva, iwe waona kuti iwe wakasarudzwa neINE kuve chikamu cheLabour Force Survey, unoyeuka iyo nguva? Ndeapi marudzi emibvunzo yavakakubvunza? Ungashanda pamwe naye zvakare?