Mukati mehurongwa hwekudyara mari, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nzira yaunodyara muzvisungo munguva pfupi kana yakareba inoenderana nezvinangwa zvako zvekudyara nematemu, huwandu hwenjodzi yaunoda kutora uye mamiriro ako emutero.
Paunenge uchifunga nezvechisungo nzira yekudyara, yeuka kukosha kwekusiyana. Semutemo wenguva dzose wechigunwe, haimbove zano rakanaka kuisa zvese zvaunazvo uye zvese zvengozi yako mukirasi imwechete kana kudyara. Iwe uchazoda kusiyanisa njodzi mukati memabond investments nekugadzira portfolio yemabond akawanda, imwe neimwe iine hunhu hwakasiyana.
Kusarudza zvisungo kubva kune vakapa zvakasiyana zvinokudzivirira kubva pane mukana wekuti mumwe chete anogona kupa asingakwanise kusangana nemukuru wayo uye mubhadharo wekubhadhara mutero. Kusarudza zvisungo zvemhando dzakasiyana (hurumende, agency, yemabhizimusi, yemasipareti, akachengetedzeka pamitero, nezvimwewo) zvinogadzira dziviriro kubva mukugona kwekurasikirwa mune chero chikamu chemusika. Kusarudza zvisungo zvekukura kwakasiyana kunobatsira iwe kubata huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu.
Investment mune yakatarwa mari: zvinangwa
Uine izvi mupfungwa, funga izvi zvakasiyana zvibodzwa uye nzira dzekuzvizadzisa. Yokutanga ndeyekuchengetedza capital uye kuwana mubereko. Kana chinangwa chako chiri chekuchengetedza mari yako isina kukwana uye kuwana mubereko, funga zano re "kutenga ubatisise". Kana iwe ukaisa mari muchisungo uye uchiibata kuti ive yakakura, iwe unozogamuchira chimbadzo kubhadhara, kazhinji kaviri pagore, uye iwe uchagashira iyo kukosha kukosha kwechisungo pakukura. Kana chisungo chaunosarudza chiri kutengesa pamubhadharo nekuti coupon rayo rakakwirira kudarika zviyero zvemari yazvino, ramba uchifunga kuti iyo mari yaunogamuchira pakukura ichave iri pasi peiyo yaunobhadhara iyo bhondi.
Paunotenga nekubata, haufanire kunetseka zvakanyanya pamusoro pemhedzisiro yemitero pamutengo kana kukosha kwemusika wechisungo. Kana huwandu hwezvibereko hukwira uye mutengo wemusika wechisungo chako uchidonha, hauzonzwa chero chinetso kunze kwekunge iwe uchinja zano rako uye woedza kutengesa chisungo. Nekudaro, kubata chisungo zvinoreva kuti haugone kuisa mari iyoyo pamitengo yepamusoro yemisika.
Kana chisungo chaunosarudza chichigona kudzikunurwa, wakaisa panjodzi yekuti mukuru wako adzokere kwauri usati wapera. Mabond anowanzo "dzikinurwa", kana kununurwa nekukasira neaanopa, kana mari yechimbadzo iri kudonha, zvichireva kuti unozomanikidzwa kuisa mari yako yadzoserwa pamitero yakaderera kwazvo.
Chimbadzo chinoshandiswa
Paunenge uchiisa mari kutenga uye kubata, ita shuwa yekufunga: iyo bond bond coupon chiyero (wedzera nebond's par kana chiso kukosha kuona dhora huwandu wemari yako yegore inobhadharwa). "Zvibereko mukukura" kana "govera kufona." Kuita kwepamusoro kunogona kureva njodzi dzakakwirira.
Iko kiredhiti mhando yeanopa. Chibvumirano chine yakaderera chikwereti chiyero chinogona kupa goho repamusoro, asi zvakare rinotakura njodzi yakakwira yekuti mupi haazokwanise kuzadzisa zvaakavimbisa.
Wedzera mari
Kana chinangwa chako chiri chekuwedzera mari yako yemubereko, iwe unowanzo kuwana makwikwi akakwirira pane zvisungo zvenguva refu. Nenguva yakawanda yekukura, zvisungo zvenguva refu zviri panjodzi yekuchinja muzvibereko. Nekudaro, kana iwe uri wekutenga uye unobata investor, shanduko idzi hadzikukanganisa iwe kunze kwekunge iwe uchinja zano rako uye wafunga kutengesa ako mabond
Iwe zvakare uchawana yakakwira coupon mitengo pamabhizimusi emakambani pane kumaUS Treasurenes ane akafanana maturities. Mumusika wekambani, zvisungo zvine yakaderera chikwereti ratings zvinowanzobhadhara yakakwira kudzoka kupfuura yakakwira zvikwereti zvine zvakaenzana kukura
Yakakwira-goho zvisungo (dzimwe nguva zvinonzi zvisina tsarukano zvisungo) kazhinji zvinopa pamusoro-pamusika coupon mitengo uye goho nekuti avo vanopa vane zvikwereti ratings pazasi pechikwereti chiyero: BB kana kudzika kubva kuStandard & Varombo; Ba kana kudzika kubva kuMoody's. Iyo yakadzikira chiyero chekwereti, inowedzera njodzi iyo mupi anogona kukanganisa pazvisungo zvake kana kutadza kubhadhara mubereko kana kudzorera mukuru pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
Kana iwe uri kufunga nezvekudyara mune yakakwira-goho zvisungo, iwe zvakare uchazoda kusiyanisa yako bhondi investments pakati akati wandei akasiyana vapei kuti udzikise iyo inogona kukanganiswa mhedzisiro yeanopa mumwe anopa mupi wekutadza. Zvibereko zvepamusoro zvezvisungo zvemari zvakare zviri panjodzi zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe mabond mitengo kumatambudziko ehupfumi, apo njodzi yekukanganisa inoonekwa kunge yakakwira.
Kutarisira njodzi
Chikamu chekufarira chekuchengetedza njodzi: Masitepisi neBhawa. Vanotenga-uye-vanobata varimimari vanogona kubata nhanho yemutero nekugadzira iyo "tiered" portfolio yemabond ane maturities akasiyana, senge rimwe, matatu, mashanu, uye gumi makore. Portfolio ine tiered ine mukuru wechikoro ari kudzoserwa panguva dzakatarwa. Kana bhondi yapera, iwe une mukana wekudzoreredza mari yaunowana kumagumo-kwenguva refu manera kana iwe uchida kuti irambe ichienderera. Kana mareti ari kukwira, iyo mari inokura inogona kudyarwa pamitengo yakakwira. Kana ivo vari kuenda pasi, yako portfolio inoramba ichiwana mari yepamusoro pane yakareba-nguva kubatirira.
Uine zano rebhari, iwe unodyara chete mune pfupi-temu uye refu-kwenguva zvisungo, kwete broker. Yenguva refu-inobata inofanirwa kupa inoyevedza coupon mitengo. Kuve neimwe mari inokura munguva pfupi inogadzira mukana wekudyara mari pairi
Chibereko paPfuma yeUS chakasimuka neChishanu, mushure mekunge mushumo waApril webasa wanga usina kushata sezvaitarisirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mari yakapihwa ramangwana iri kutodzikisira mukana weyakaipa mhindu yegore rino, uye varimi vanoramba vachinetsekana kuti hupfumi hungadzokere riini kubva kune coronavirus-induction kuderera. Iyo yegumi-yemakore mabhenji ebhenji goho rinokwira kusvika ku10% nepo-maviri-makore chikwereti goho rinosvika 0,6688%. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu ayo yakatarwa misika yemari inowanikwa seimwe nzira kumusika wemasheya mugore rakaomarara senge razvino.
Mabonds enharaunda yenyika
Iko hakuna vashoma vaongorori mumisika yemari vanofungidzira kuti zvichanyanya kunetsa kuisa mari yakatarwa kupfuura muzvikwereti. Nekuti vanopa njodzi zhinji mumamiriro azvino uye uko zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvinowonekera kune vakaremara vari kuiswa muchikamu chechikamu chakanaka chevashambadzi vadiki nepakati. Kunyanya, kuburikidza neyekudyara modhi senge mari yekudyara inoenderana neiyi yemari nhumbi. Kunyanya mune mamwe mafomati emari yakatarwa, senge zvisungo kubva kune dzimwe nyika uye goho repamusoro. Ndivo vane hunhu hwakaipisisa kubva panguva ino zvichienda mberi.
«Euro inodzoka kuti itorezve kurasikirwa kwemazuva maviri apfuura, mushure mekuzivisa kwakasimba kwaChristine Lagarde pamhedzisiro yeGerman Constitutional inopesana nehurongwa hwekuwedzera huwandu. Mutungamiri weECB akataura nezuro kuti sangano iri harizotyisidzwe nemutongo wedare renyika uye kuti richaenderera mberi nekuita chero chinodikanwa kuti riite basa raro rekudzikama kwemitengo. Misiyano mumusika wevazhinji chikwereti inoita kunge yakabata zvine mutsindo pachiitiko ichi, kunyange hazvo chiItaly chakapararira pachivharo chezviwanikwa zveGerman zvisungo zvichiri kushanda padhuze nekukwirira kwaApril, zvichishungurudza kumhanyisa kwemari imwechete.
Kuchengetedza chinangwa chemangwana
Kana uine mwana ane makore matatu, ungatarisana neyako yekutanga koreji kosi yechikoro mumakore gumi nemashanu. Iwe unogona kuziva kuti mumakore makumi maviri nemaviri iwe uchazoda iyo yepasi kubhadharirwa imba yako yekurega basa. Nekuti zvisungo zvine zuva rakatsanangurwa rekupera, vanogona kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti mari iriko paunenge uchiida.
Zero coupon zvisungo zvinotengeswa pamutengo wakakura kune kukosha kwechiso izvo zvinodzoserwa pakukura. Kufarira kunofungidzirwa kune chisungo pamusoro pehupenyu hwayo. Panzvimbo pekubhadharwa kumubhadhari, inosanganisirwa musiyano uripakati pemutengo wekutenga uye kukosha kwechiso pakukura.
Iwe unogona kuisa mari mu zero coupon zvisungo nemazuva akarongeka ekukura zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Kuti uwane mari yemakore mana edzidzo yekoreji, iwe unogona kudyara mu tiered portfolio yemazero mana, imwe neimwe ichikura mune rimwe ramakore mana akateedzana ayo kubhadhara kuri kukodzera. Nekudaro, kukosha kwe zero coupon zvisungo kunonyanya kutarisana neshanduko mumitengo yemitero, saka pane imwe njodzi kana iwe uchida kuitengesa ivo vasati vakura zuva. Zvakare zviri nani kutenga zeros dzinobvisirwa mutero (zvinopesana nemaspala) mukoreji-yakadzoserwa koreji kana account yekuchengetedza pamudyandigere nekuti mubereko unowanikwa pane chisungo unobhadharwa gore rega kunyangwe usingaugashi kusvikira wakura.
Iyo bulleted zano inogona zvakare kubatsira iwe kuisa mari kune yakatsanangurwa ramangwana zuva. Kana iwe uri makumi mashanu uye uchida kusevha zera rekurega basa makumi matanhatu nemashanu, mune bullet point zano iwe waizotenga 50-gore bhondi izvozvi, yegumi-gore bhondi mumakore mashanu, uye mashanu-makore bhondi mumakore gumi. Kuwedzeredza kudyara nenzira iyi kunogona kukubatsira iwe kuti ubatsirwe kubva kwakasiyana mareti emitero.
Isati yapera
Zvikonzero zvaunogona kutengesa chisungo usati wakura. Vashandi vanotevera nzira yekutenga-yekubata vanogona kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuti vatengese bhondi vasati vakura nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:
Vanoda guta guru. Kunyangwe kutenga nekubata zvinowanzo shandiswa senzira yenguva refu, hupenyu haugare uchiita sezvakarongwa. Paunotengesa chisungo usati wakura, unogona kuwana zvakawanda kana zvishoma pane zvawakabhadharirwa. Kana huwandu hwezvibereko hwawedzera kubva zvakatengwa chisungo, kukosha kwayo kunenge kwadzikira. Kana mitengo yaderera, kukosha kwechisungo kunenge kwawedzera.
Ivo vanoda kuita capital capital. Kana mareti akadonha uye kukosha kwechisungo kukosheswa, muzvinashawo anogona kusarudza kuti zvirinani kutengesa usati wakura woita purofiti pane kuenderera uchibhadharisa mubereko. Iyi sarudzo inofanirwa kuitwa nehanya, sezvo mari yekutenga ingangofanira kudzoreredzwa pamutero wakaderera.
Ivo vanofanirwa kuona kurasikirwa nekuda kwemitero. Kutengesa kudyara pakurasikirwa inogona kunge iri zano rekudzora mutero wemari yekuwana mari. Iyo bond swap inogona kukubatsira iwe kuzadzisa fiscal chinangwa usingachinje iyo yekutanga nhoroondo yeiyo portfolio. Vazadzisa chinangwa chavo chekudzoka. Vamwe vatengesi vanoita mari muzvisungo nechinangwa chekuwana kudzoka kuzere, kana mari pamwe nekukoshesa kwemari kana kukura. Kuzadzisa kukoshesa kwemari kunoda kuti muzvinashawo atengese mari yekudyara pamusoro pemutengo wayo wekutenga apo musika unopa mukana.
Yese goho
Kushandisa zvisungo kuisa mari mukudzoka kwakazara, kana musanganiswa wekukoshesa mari (kukura) nemari, zvinoda zano rinoshanda rakawanda uye nzwisiso mukutungamira kwehupfumi nemitero yemari. Mari inodzoka yevatengesi vanoda kutenga bhondi kana mutengo wayo wakaderera woitengesa kana mutengo wakwira, pane kubata chisungo kusvika pakukura.
Mitengo yemabhondi inodonha kana huwandu hwezvikwereti hukwira, kazhinji kana hupfumi hwacho hukwidza. Ivo vanowanzo kwira kana chimbadzo chadzika, kazhinji kazhinji apo Federal Reserve inoedza kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi mushure mekuderera kwehupfumi. Mukati mezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemusika wezvisungo, mutsauko mukupa uye kudiwa kunogona kugadzira mikana-pfupi yebhizinesi mikana.
Ramangwana rakasarudzika, sarudzo, uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa kuita akasiyana maonero emusika kana kudzikisira njodzi muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvisungo. Vavaki vemari vanofanirwa kungwarira kuti vanzwisise mutengo uye njodzi dzenzira idzi vasati vazvipira kumari.
Dzimwe mari dzemabhondi dzine chinangwa chekudzosera mari, kupa vashambadziri mukana wekuti vabatsirikane pamabond pamusika mafambiro uye nekusiya sarudzo dzemazuva ese mumaoko evatungamiriri vehunyanzvi.
Investor mashandiro
Sipanish stock market inotengeswa mu rmusiyano enta 30.607,2 mamirioni euros muna Kubvumbi, 37,6% pasi pemwedzi mumwe chete wegore rapfuura. Mari yakaunganidzwa mugore yakamira pamamirioni emamirioni zana nemakumi maviri nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu, 160.263,6% kupfuura gore rapfuura. Huwandu hwekutaurirana muna Kubvumbi hwaive 1,7 mamirioni, 3,4% kupfuura muna Kubvumbi 18,1. Huwandu hwekutaurirana kwakaunganidzwa mumwedzi mina yekutanga yegore hunosvika mamirioni 2019, izvo zvinomiririra kuwedzera kwegore-ne-gore mu18,6%.
MunaEpril, BME yakawana chikamu che77,97% pamusika mukutengesa kwekuchengetedzwa kweSpanish. Ivhareji renji muna Kubvumbi yaive 10,20 hwaro hwenongedzo pamutengo wekutanga mutengo (7% zvirinani pane inotevera yekutengesa nzvimbo) uye 15,42 hwaro poindi nekudzika kwe25.000 euros mubhuku reodha (20% zvirinani), sekutaura kwakazvimirira LiquidMetrix mushumo . Kune rimwe divi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti aya manhamba anosanganisira kutengeserana kunoitwa munzvimbo dzekutengesa, zvese zviri pachena bhuku rekuraira (LIT), kusanganisira maokisheni, uye iyo isiri-yakajeka kutengeserana (rima) kunoitwa kunze kwebhuku.
Pfupi kutengesa kuchiri kurambidzwa
Nepo kune rimwe divi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kubva munaKurume 17, CNMV yakarambidza bumbiro kana kuwedzerwa kwenzvimbo pfupi mumasecurity anotenderwa mumusika weSpain kwenguva yemwedzi mumwe mushure mekurambidzwa kwekutanga munaKurume 13 Kurume. Musi waApril 15, 2020, CNMV yakabvuma kuwedzera chiyero ichi kusvika Chivabvu 18. Paive zvakare nekuderera kwemari yakatorwa mumablock mumwedzi waApril.
Mune imwe tsinga, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti huwandu hwese hwakatengwa muna Kubvumbi mune yakatarwa mari yaive 31.664,7 miriyoni euros, iyo inomiririra kukura kwe14% zvichienzaniswa nemwedzi mumwecheteyo gore rapfuura. Kubvumidzwa mukutengesa, kusanganisira nyaya dzePublic Dhijitari uye Yakasarudzika Mari Yakawana, yakasvika pamamirioni e56.271,6, kuwedzera kwe32% zvichienzaniswa naKurume uye 154,4% kana zvichienzaniswa naApril 2019. Mari yakasara yakamira pa1,6 trillion euros, zvinoreva kuwedzera. ye3,1% kusvika parizvino gore rino.
Musika we Mhedzisiro yemari de BME yakachengetedza kukura mukutengesa mune yakaunganidzwa yegore, pamwe nekuwedzera kwe20,2% uye 55,9% mune iyo Futures pane IBEX 35 uye Mini IBEX 35, zvichiteerana. Huwandu hweStock Sarudzo hwakakura kusvika munaKubvumbi ne52,7%. Munguva yakaongororwa, kutengesa kwakaderera zvichienzaniswa nemwedzi mumwe chete wegore rapfuura. Mune ramangwana reIBEX 35 rakadonha 29%, mune Sarudzo pane IBEX 35, 57% uye mune Sarudzo pane Shares, 48,8%.