Voucha ndi chiyani?

Ngati muli ogwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko lazachuma komanso ndalama, palibe kukayika kuti mwamvapo kangapo kuti mgwirizano ndi chiyani. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu za Mitundu yofala kwambiri yazachuma kupanga ndalama zomwe zimapindulitsa. Komabe, sichinthu chophweka kwambiri chifukwa chimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga zimadziwika ndi osunga ndalama omwe akudziwa zambiri mu malonda azachuma. Mpaka kuti mgwirizano umalankhulidwa mopepuka, koma nthawi zina sizimveka bwino za makina ake kuti tigwiritse ntchito ndalama zathu.

Choyambirira, sipadzakhalanso chosankha koma kungotanthauzira tanthauzo lonse lazachuma. Bungweli ndiloposa zonse ngongole yamphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe aboma komanso aboma. Mgwirizanowu ndi imodzi mwanjira zodzikongoletsera ngongole, zotetezedwa kapena zosintha mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, sizimayenera kubwera kuchokera kumsika wamalonda, monga ena mwaogulitsa ang'onoang'ono komanso apakati amakhulupirira pakadali pano.

Mulimonsemo, komanso kuti mumvetsetse bwino, ndi chuma chomwe chimalembedwa pamisika komanso choti mutha kulemba ntchito nthawi iliyonse kuti zinthu zomwe mwapeza zizipindulitsa. Koma monga tanthauzo lake likusonyezera, imatha kubwera kuchokera kumsika wosiyanasiyana motero muli ndi njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama. Kuchokera kugula kwa zomangira zotumphukira mpaka kubasiketi ya ma bond ophatikizidwa muthumba lazachuma. Zachidziwikire, pakadali pano muli ndi njira zambiri zotsegulira maudindo achuma chofunikira ichi. Zambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire kuyambira pachiyambi. Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zina mwazofunikira komanso nthawi yomweyo zothandiza?

Mgwirizano: woperekedwa ndi boma

Uwu ndiye mawonekedwe azachuma omwe amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi izi. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse tikamalankhula za ma bond, zachidziwikire, sikuti tikunena za njira yopezera ndalama imeneyi. Kupitilira njira zina zaluso ndipo mwina ndizofunikira. Chikole chimakhala ndi chitetezo changongole chomwe chingaperekedwe ndi boma (dziko, zigawo, maboma amatauni, ndi zina). Ndikosavuta kuti muzikumbukira kuyambira pano, chifukwa madera odziyimira pawokha a mdziko lathu nawonso ndi omwe amapereka izi. Catalonia, Madrid, Asturias, Dziko la Basque, Galicia, La Rioja ...

Njira zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zimakhala zovuta kuti chiwopsezo cha ngongole chikukula, phindu lazogulitsazi likukula. Ngakhale mutha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotaya ndalama zonse ngati gulu lomwe likupereka silingathe kulipira kapena kungonena kuti alibe ndalama. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe zokolola pazamagawo sizikhala zofanana nthawi zonse. Ndi kusiyanasiyana kofunikira kwambiri pakati pawo, ngakhale kuti ambiri amalowerera osiyanasiyana omwe amachokera 1% mpaka 6% pafupifupi. Mulimonsemo, kukhala njira yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zomwe muli nazo panthawiyi.

Zomangira zaboma, zachikhalidwe kwambiri

M'malo mwake, maubwenzi aboma ndi amodzi mwa Mitundu yambiri yazachuma kuyambira zaka zambiri. Kutsogozedwa ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito mosamala kapena yoteteza, monga makolo anu kapena agogo anu ankachita nthawi zina pomwe kunalibe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachuma. Mwanjira imeneyi, zachidziwikire kuti simungayiwale kuti gulu lomangalo limafotokozedwera mosiyanasiyana. Mwa ena omwe amadziwika ndi omwe akuyembekezeredwa zaka 3, 5 ndi 10 ndipo omwe amagulitsidwa nthawi zonse mzaka zonse zachuma. Komabe, ndichopangira ndalama chomwe pakadali pano chimapanga phindu lochepa, pansi pa 1,5% ndipo chifukwa cha momwe zinthu ziliri pakadali pano pa yuro.

Chimodzi mwamaubwino akulu otenga maudindo omwe amatchedwa kuti mabungwe aboma ndikuti ndi gawo limodzi lazinthu zomwe sizovuta konse. Ndiotetezeka kwambiri popeza phindu lake limatsimikizika kuyambira pachiyambi. Ndi mawonekedwe omwe zokonda zapadziko lonse lapansi zimakonda apita ku akaunti yanu yowunika pasadakhale. Ndiye kuti, nthawi imodzimodzi yomwe mumawalembetsa ndipo mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yazinthu zachuma kapena zakubanki zomwe muyenera kudikirira kuti zitheke. Mwachitsanzo zimachitika m'masungidwe akutali. Ndichinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsa ena kuti adzawasankhe mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yazogulitsa.

Kubwereranso pama bond national

Ponena za chiwongola dzanja chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chinthu choyambachi pakampani, zimadalira momwe chuma chikuyendera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthawi yomwe chiwongola dzanja chimatsika, monga mwachitsanzo zikuchitika pakadali pano, phindu lake liziwoneka kukhala losakhutiritsa zofuna zanu. Pomwe mosiyana ndi izi, munthawi yomwe chizolowezi chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wokulitsa malire amkatiwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, pezani 2%, 3% kapena 4%. Ngakhale tsopano tili kutali kwambiri ndi izi.

Kumbali inayi, zomangira za izi zasintha mosagwirizana kuyambira 2000. Kufikira pang'ono pamwamba pa 5% kukhala pafupifupi mdera loipa, monga zikuchitika zaka zaposachedwa. Ngakhale panthawi yomwe mwawalemba ntchito, chiwongola dzanja chomwe mudalumikiza nawo pamsika chidzakhala chikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Mulimonsemo, ndi njira yosavuta yopezera phindu lochepa, osakhala pachiwopsezo chilichonse. Nzosadabwitsa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zimatchedwa kuti ma bond national kapena boma.

Mgwirizano wolamulira wa mayiko ena

Zachidziwikire, mutha kulembetsa mgwirizano wazomwezi komanso kuti zimachokera kumayiko ena kapena madera ena. Mwachitsanzo, maubwenzi akutali omwe amabwera kuchokera ku Italy, Greece kapena Portugal. Ndi omwe ali ndiulendo wautali kwambiri pakupeza phindu. Koma zoopsa zake ndizazikulu chifukwa zimachokera ku chuma chosakhazikika ndipo amatha kutaya ndalama zambiri pamagwiridwe antchito ndipo zowonadi kuposa momwe mungaganizire kuyambira pachiyambi. Muyenera kudziwa momwe zachuma zikuyendera m'dziko lomwe likupereka chifukwa mutha kudabwa kangapo kuyambira pano.

M'malo mwake, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi waku Germany ndi yomwe imadziwika kuti bund. Zosadabwitsa kuti zimakupatsirani chitetezo chokwanira chomwe chimayimiriridwa ndi solvency yachuma chake. Ngakhale kubwezera phindu lake sikokwera kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu wapadziko lonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, chinthu china choyambirira ndichamgwirizano wa United States ndipo ndicho gawo labwino la mbiri yaabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati. Mwina kudzera mu kugula kwanu mwachindunji kapena kudzera mu ndalama zogulira kutengera ndalama zomwe mwapeza.

Zomangira zamakampani: phindu lochulukirapo

Kumbali ina kuli ma kampani omwe amatchedwa kuti ma bond kapena odziwika bwino monga mgwirizano. Makhalidwe amenewa m'misika yokhazikika imawalola kupititsa patsogolo phindu lawo, ngakhale ali pachiwopsezo pantchito. Mwa mtundu uwu ndikosavuta kupeza chiwongola dzanja pafupi ndi 5%. Amachokera kumakampani ndipo sikuyenera kuchita kulembedwa pamisika yachuma. Chimodzi mwamaubwino ake ndikuti muli ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pamikhalidwe iyi komanso pamwambapa. Kukhala wokhoza kusankha pakati pamakampani amabizinesi osiyanasiyana.

M'chigawo chino, chimodzi mwazomwe zimayimilira kwambiri ndiwo otembenuzidwa. Ngati simukudziwa, ndi omwe amatha kusinthana ndi magawo omwe angotulutsidwa kumene pamtengo womwe udakonzedweratu. Ndi lingaliro loyambirira kuti muphatikize ndalama zosasinthika ndi zosasunthika kuti mwanjira iyi chiwongola dzanja chomwe mtundu uwu wazinthu zachuma chikupatseni chikhoza kukwera. Kufikira pomwe phindu limakhalanso lokwera, pamakhala zoopsa zambiri zomwe mungachite poyenda ndi gulu ili lazachuma.

Pomaliza, simungaiwale mtundu womwe wagwira ntchito kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, monga zomangira zopanda pake. Mpaka kupereka zokolola zambiri chifukwa zimaonedwa ngati zotetezeka. Sakulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti mulembere chifukwa kudzera mwa iwo pali zambiri zomwe mungataye kuposa phindu. Monga zomwe zimatchedwa ngongole zanthawi zonse, zomwe nthawi zonse sizimaganizira zobwerera kwa wamkulu, koma zimangopereka kulipira chiwongola dzanja kwamuyaya.

Monga momwe mwawonera, pali ma bond ambiri omwe amapezeka mumisika yazachuma. Mwa njira zonse ndi chilengedwe ndipo izi zitha kugwira ntchito nthawi zina kuti ndalama zanu zizipindulitsa. Mwina payekhapayekha kapena pophatikiza ndi zinthu zina zachuma. Izi zitengera mbiri yomwe mumapereka ngati ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati nthawi zonse. Monga imodzi mwa njira zapamwamba zopulumutsa.