Bayan sabbin sauye-sauyen da gwamnati mai ci ta aiwatar, an dan canza shekarun da za ku iya yin ritaya. Ala kulli hal, lamari ne da ke buƙatar bayani kamar yadda akwai shakku da yawa da ke faruwa tsakanin mutanen da suke tunani daina aikinka. Domin a wani bangaren, ba irin wannan ne ritayar dole ko wadanda ake tsammani ba. Hakanan, ba koyaushe zaku ɗora nauyin abu ɗaya ba fensho a cikin kowane shari'ar, kamar yadda zaku iya tantancewa daga yanzu zuwa. Ko ta yaya, lamari ne da ya shafi kowa saboda ba da daɗewa ba lokaci ne da zai isa ga dukkan ma'aikata.
Daga wannan hanyar farko, ya dace a san tsawon lokacin da kuka rage don jin daɗin shekarun zinariya ta hanyar fansho daidai. Domin idan kuna son yin ritaya da wuri, ba za ku iya tsara shi a gabanin ba 63 shekaru da wata hudu. Kodayake abin da ake buƙata shine ya ba da gudummawar mafi ƙarancin shekaru 35, kuma wannan aƙalla biyu daga cikinsu suna cikin shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata kafin yin ritaya. Idan wannan shine takamaiman lamarinku, zaku kasance cikin matsayi don isa wannan sabon matakin rayuwar ku a baya.
A kowane hali, dole ne ya zama ka fito karara daga yanzu cewa shekarun yin ritaya shekaru 65 ne, amma akwai yanayin da zai iya zama mafi yawa, kamar yadda za mu bayyana. A kowane hali, wannan ƙa'idar ta dace da mutanen da suke aiki a wannan lokacin. Domin tabbas za a samu sauyi a shekaru masu zuwa. A wannan ma'anar, a cikin 2027 shekarun ritaya za a saita a shekaru 67 ga wadanda suka bayar da gudummawa kasa da shekaru 38 da wata 6. Wato idan kun kasa shekaru 50, za'a jinkirta shi aƙalla shekaru biyu. Tare da wanene, zaku sami tsawon rai na aiki fiye da da.
Zaɓi ritaya da wuri
Wannan madadin shine sakamakon abin da ya fi ƙarfinku ko kuma sakamakon shawararku. A kowane hali, zaku iya yin ritaya daga aiki kafin ya kai shekaru 65 (ko 67, idan shekarunku kenan). Duk dalilin da ya sa ka yi ritaya da wuri, dole ne ka samar da jerin buƙatu don wannan ƙirar don ƙara girmanta kuma zaka iya jin daɗin fansho na gudummawa. Tare da dukkan tabbas cewa yanzu kuna la'akari da abin da zasu buƙace ku don wannan yanayin ya cika daidai. Shin kuna son sanin su? Da kyau, ku ɗan ba da hankali idan har ya zama dole a zaɓi wannan yanayin a cikin ritaya.
- Da mafi yawan kasa da shekaru hudu na shekarun ritaya.
- Ba za ku sami zaɓi ba sai dai don ba da gudummawa a rayuwar ku ta aiki mafi karancin shekaru na shekaru 33.
- Don zama rajista tare da ofishin aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara, a cikin wani lokacin da ya gabata na akalla watanni 6 kafin ritaya da wuri.
Idan kun cika waɗannan buƙatu ukun, taya murna, saboda zaku kasance cikin mafi kyawun halaye don yin ritaya daga duniyar aiki. Tare da fansho cewa Zai dogara ne akan shekarun da aka lissafa ta hanyar tarihin aikinku. A bayyane yake, ba a kowane yanayi zai zama daidai adadin ba, saboda yana da ma'ana don fahimta. Amma yana ɗaya daga cikin manufofin da aka tura kyakkyawan ɓangare na ma'aikata a Spain. A waɗannan yanayin, adadin da aka karɓa an rage shi da kashi wanda yake aiki ne na kowane kwata inda ake tsammanin shekarun ritaya da shekarun gudummawa.
Yadda ake karbar fansho?
Ya kamata ku sani cewa don karɓar fansho a Spain ya zama dole ku kasance kuna da shi ciniki akalla shekaru 15, wanda aƙalla biyu nan da nan kafin ranar ritayar dole ne a haɗa su. Idan don kowane irin yanayi ba za ku iya isa ga waɗannan wa'adin lokacin doka ba, ba za ku sami zaɓi ba sai don zaɓi abin da ake kira fansho ba da gudummawa. Waɗannan fa'idodi ne na zamantakewar jama'a don mutanen da ke cikin wannan halin kuma hakan yana samar da kuɗin wata kusan kusan Yuro 375. Kodayake saboda wannan dole ne ku cika wani jerin bukatun.
Wani bangare wanda yake da matukar mahimmanci a tantance shi ne wanda yake nuni da samfurin zance. Don ƙididdige shekarun gudummawar, zaku zama daidai da gudummawar Social Security na yau da kullun da gudummawar da aikin-kai ko kuma mai dogaro da kai. Kodayake a hankalce adadin da zaku karɓa a wannan matakin rayuwar ku zai bambanta. Ba abin mamaki bane, ta hanyar tsarin gudummawar na biyu gaba ɗaya fansho zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Musamman idan ka zaɓi mafi ƙarancin tushen taimako.
Shekarun ritaya
A wannan ma'anar, ya kamata ku sani cewa doka a cikin wannan al'amari ya canza a cikin 2013, kuma tare da shi shekarun yin ritaya, har zuwa abin da ya dogara da shekarun gudummawar. Misali, a shekarar 2017 waye yayi aiki sama da shekaru 36 da watanni uku zaku iya yin ritaya a shekara 65. Duk wanda ya yi hakan lokaci kadan zai yi jira har shekara 65 da wata biyar. Kamar yadda zaku gani, akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci daga shekara guda zuwa wata. Kuma abin da fansho zai dogara da ciyar da shekarun zinariya.
Wata shari'ar daban daban idan kuna son yin ritaya a cikin 2018 a 65. A wannan takamaiman lamarin, ba za ku sami zaɓi ba amma ku yi aiki aƙalla shekaru 36 da watanni 6. Idan ba haka ba, mafi karancin shekaru yayi daidai da shekaru 65 da wata 6. Ta wannan hanyar, kuma sakamakon wannan sabon ƙa'idar, za a ci gaba da jinkirta ta har zuwa 2027. Don haka an saita shi zuwa shekaru 67 matuƙar kun ba da gudummawa ƙasa da shekaru 38 da watanni 6. Amma idan da kowane irin dalili da kuka bayar da gudummawa na wasu shekaru, zaku sami damar barin rayuwar aikinku tare da tsammani. Wato, shekaru biyu kafin tsara wannan tsari yana da shekaru 65.
Fansho da za ku karɓa
Wani bangare da yakamata ku tantance shi ne wanda yake nuni da adadin da zaku karɓa daga fansho waɗanda suke Spain a halin yanzu. To, a wannan ma'anar, matsakaicin fansho da waɗanda suka yi ritaya daga Spain suka karɓi ya wuce euro 900 a kowane wata, a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Nationalididdiga ta (asa (INE). Hakanan ya nuna cewa matsakaicin fansho na tsarin, a bangarensa, ya kuma lura da karuwar sananne a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, yana zuwa daga euro 679 a 2007 zuwa yuro 926 a yau. Wanne a aikace yana wakiltar ragin kashi 36,5% a wannan lokacin.
A gefe guda, dole ne a ce a cikin Fabrairu An biya fansho 9.573.282, wanda ke nufin fitarwa ta hanyar Social Security na Euro miliyan 8.925,1. Daga cikin wadannan, galibin su sun yi ritaya (miliyan 5,9), sai kuma zawarawa (miliyan 1,5), nakasa ta dindindin (948.393), marayu (338.644) kuma cikin son dangi (41.093). Ala kulli halin, ya kamata a sani cewa a halin yanzu akwai adadin masu karbar fansho 8.699.056, wanda ke nufin cewa wasu 900.000 daga cikinsu na karɓar fansho daban-daban guda biyu, a cewar rumbun adana bayanan na Social Security.
Karin fansho
Don yaƙi da ƙananan fansho da Spaniards ke da shi, daga manyan hukumomin jihar ana ba da shawarar hayar kayayyakin kuɗi waɗanda babban burinsu shi ne ƙarin fansho. Don haka ta wannan hanyar, masu ritaya na iya haɓaka ikon siyan su lokacin barin rayuwar su ta aiki. Ofayan waɗannan ƙirar suna wakiltar shirin fensho. Koyaya, aikinsa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya ragu sosai. Tare da matsakaicin sha'awar shekara-shekara na 3,50%. Samun damar zaɓar tsakanin shirye-shirye cikin canji da tsayayyen kudin shiga kuma kamar yadda yake da kuɗin saka hannun jari.
Wani samfurin da aka kunna don wannan matakin rayuwa na musamman shine juyar da lamuni. Abun ɗan kuɗi ne wanda bai dace ba wanda ya dogara da gaskiyar cewa kamfanonin kuɗi suna ba ku ƙayyadadden kuɗin shiga kowane wata don la'akari da dukiyar ku. Don haka ta wannan hanyar, kun kasance a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi don haɓaka samun kuɗin shiga a cikin ritayar ku. A dawo, kawai zaku cika wasu buƙatu. Misali, kasancewa sama da shekaru 65, da nakasa jiki ko tunani na aƙalla kashi 33% kuma gaskiyar cewa gidan mallakar ku ne.
Hakanan ta hannun jarin ku zaku iya biyan waɗannan buƙatun, kodayake a wannan yanayin ba tare da ba da garantin dawo da dukiyar ba. Idan ba haka ba, akasin haka, zai dogara ne da yanayin kasuwannin kuɗi waɗanda aka dogara da waɗannan samfuran saka hannun jari. Ana iya amfani da wannan dabarun duka cikin daidaito da kasuwannin samun kudin shiga, da kuma daga wasu madadin ko ma tsarin kuɗi. Kodayake a kowane yanayi ba za ku sami zaɓi ba amma ku ɗauki kwamitocin da suka fi buƙata game da sauran samfuran kuɗi. Amma zasu yi aiki don inganta fensho ɗin da kuka sami damar fuskantar waɗannan shekarun rayuwar ku.
Don haka ta wannan hanyar, masu ritaya na iya haɓaka ikon siyan su lokacin barin rayuwar su ta aiki.