La tattalin arzikin duniya Kai tsaye tana fuskantar canje-canje waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaito da gudanarwa na duniya, wanda ya dace da batutuwa masu kama da juna kamar ɗorewa, siyasa, makamashi, da dai sauransu.
Kasashe na bukatar a manufar siyasa daidaita ta yadda za su sarrafa tura tattalin arzikin duniya zuwa ga ci gaba da ci gaba, tare da daidaita wannan nasarar tare da ci gaba a fannonin zamantakewar al'umma da ci gaba mai ɗorewa.
An sami raguwar tattalin arzikin duniya na dogon lokaci. 'Yancin cinikayya ya samu ci gaba sosai a cikin' yan shekarun nan fiye da shekarun da suka gabata, kuma babban rashin tabbas da abubuwan da ake buƙata a duniya abubuwa ne da suka taƙaita takunkumin kasuwanci.
Tuni a cikin zangon ƙarshe na 2017, a cewar Ƙungiyar Tattaunawa da Tattalin Arziki (OECD), tattalin arzikin duniya ya hanzarta ci gabanta. A kowane hali, ana iya cewa matsakaici ne idan aka kwatanta shi da shekaru kafin rikicin ƙarshe.
OECD ta ba da rahoton wannan ƙarshen shekara cewa tattalin arzikin duniya zai haɓaka 3.6% da 3.7% kafin 2018. A wannan lokacin, ana iya ganin saurin ci gaba cikin sauri tun daga 2010.
Ci gaban tattalin arziki ya bayyana a doron ƙasa, tare da ƙaruwar bayanai, wani abu da ya ba mutane da yawa mamaki. Akwai yiwuwar kamfanoni su saka hannun jari a cikin jari, wannan yana da kyau.
da kasuwanni masu tasowa a lokaci guda suna nuna babban cigaba, haka nan kuma ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.
Sakamakon durkushewar farashin albarkatun kasa da suka faru a shekarar 2014, yawan bukatun da aka tara ya samu faduwar kasa sosai. A yau ci gaban buƙatu yana nuna alamun farfadowar a cikin manyan ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Lokacin da yawan aiki ke ƙaruwa da ƙarfi, lamuran albashi a cikin ci gaban tattalin arziki suma zasu girma. Hakanan, ana buƙatar faɗaɗa jari a cikin ɗan adam, zamantakewa, zahiri da jarin jama'a don ƙasashe masu tasowa. Wannan ya bayyana ne daga Catherine Mann, babbar masaniyar tattalin arziki a OECD.
Kasashe masu tasowa zasu jagoranci kasa ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya, tare da matsakaita sama da 4%.
Kodayake labarai masu kyau ne, wannan kungiyar ta bayyana cewa babu wasu sharuɗɗan da za a ci gaba da wannan haɓaka fiye da 2019 a ƙimar da za a iya gani a yau. Rikicin tattalin arziki da tattalin arziki da ya gabata ya bar sakamako da yawa ga wakilan tattalin arziƙi tare da mahimman tasirin da ba za a warware su cikin sauƙi ba.
A cewar wannan kungiyar, ire-iren matsalolin da ake fuskanta a kasashe da yawa muhimmiyar iyakance ce don ciyar da daidaiton saka jari, wani abu mai mahimmanci ga yawan aiki.
Theimar saka hannun jari da ake tunani da kimantawa na ci gaba da zama ƙasa.
Tattalin arziƙin tattalin arziƙi Vs mai girma kiyaye kiyaye
Fadada yawan kayan duniya na iya nuna daidaito a ma'anar tattalin arziki, amma ba a samu babban ci gaba ba.
Babu tabbas game da yanayin tattalin arzikin duniya tare da kasada, cewa idan hakan ta faru, ci gaban duniya ya kiyasta kasa da wanda aka kiyasta a yau.
Ana iya ganin daidaituwa da ƙarancin yunƙurin manufofi a matakin duniya, dangane da sake farfaɗowa da dawo da matakan saka hannun jari; Yi tambaya cewa idan hakan ta faru zai motsa dawo da yawan aiki.
Ta yaya za a cimma buri kamar rage matsanancin talauci har ya zuwa kawar ko tabbatar da kyakkyawan aiki ga mazaunan duniya ta wannan hanyar?
da Makasudin cigaba mai dorewa kuma ci gaba zuwa cimma wadannan zai iya zama da matukar damuwa cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Abubuwa daban-daban na iya shafar tattalin arzikin duniya
Faduwar kasuwancin kasa da kasa, jinkirin hasashe na samarwa ta fuskar bunkasuwarsa, saka hannun jari cikin farashi mara kyau da kuma yawan jeren bashi na iya shafar tattalin arzikin duniya.
Kayayyakin kayan da farashin su, wadanda kan yi kasa a wasu lokuta, na yin barna sosai ga kasashen da ke fitar da su.
Tasirin daban-daban rikice-rikicen siyasa, na iya kai tsaye kuma da karfi ya shafi takamaiman yankuna na duniyar ta fuskar tattalin arziki.
Yawancin tattalin arzikin da suka ci gaba, da waɗanda ke cikin ci gaba, sun ga ci gaban saka hannun jari a ƙasashensu. Kamfanoni ba su da ƙarfin gwiwa daga haɓaka saka hannun jari yayin da buƙatar duniya ke ci gaba da rauni, wannan na iya ƙarfafa ta rashin tsaro na duniya a matakin siyasa da tattalin arziki.
Hakanan saka jari a cikin ƙasashe inda akwai karancin damar kudi, tare da kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi tare da karancin ci gaba da kuma bankuna masu karamin karfi.
A cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba akwai wani yanayi na yanke jarin jama'a, wannan tun daga shekarar 2010, kasancewa samfurin tsarin daidaita kasafin kudi sakamakon ci gaban bashin jama'a.
Dangane da shigar da kuɗaɗen kuɗi, da aka samo daga fitarwa da albarkatun ƙasa sun faɗi ƙasa ƙwarai ga ƙasashe da yawa, sun ƙara don rage jarin su a ayyukan zamantakewar jama'a, kayayyakin more rayuwa da dai sauransu.
Girma a ƙasashe marasa ci gaba
Theasashe mafi ƙarancin ci gaba, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, suna nuna ƙarancin ci gaba fiye da burin da aka tsara na Makasudin cigaba mai dorewa. Irin wannan ci gaban haɗari ne don a sami damar haɓaka kuɗaɗen da ake buƙata a ilimi, kiwon lafiya, daidaitawa da canjin yanayi, da sauransu.
Bambance-bambancen ko jujjuyawar kayan da kuka fitarwa zai zama mafi rikitarwa, lamari mai mahimmanci ga waɗannan nau'ikan ƙasashe waɗanda ke aiki tare da productsan kayayyakin kaɗan kawai kuma galibi waɗanda ke fuskantar musanya farashin kai tsaye.
Idan yanayin haɓaka ya ci gaba da irin yanayin da yake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, babban ɓangare na yawan waɗannan ƙasashen na iya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsananin talauci don 2030.
Yana da matukar wahala ga wadannan kasashen da ba su ci gaba ba su hada karfi wajen aiwatar da jarin da suke bukata. Sa hannun jari na ƙasashen waje yakan guji waɗannan nau'ikan ƙasashe, wannan gaskiyar tana shafar su sosai.
Ci gaban tattalin arziki da hayaƙin carbon
Ana neman shi sosai cewa tattalin arzikin duniya ya kai ga ci gaba kuma yana da alamar yankewa ko yankewa tsakanin haɓakar tattalin arziƙi da ƙaruwar hayakin hayaƙi.
Duk da cewa an samu ci gaba ta wannan bangaren, makamashi mai sabuntawa suna ci gaba da taka rawa kaɗan wajen jagorantar samar da makamashi a doron ƙasa.
Da yawa daga cikin ci gaban da aka samu wajen rage fitar da hayaki zai iya shafar kuma ya juya baya da sauri, idan ba a kawo himma daga bangarori masu zaman kansu da na jama'a ba, ta yadda za a iya kara karfin makamashi, yana ba da hanyar samar da makamashi.
Idan ba tare da tallafi da hadin kai daga kasa da kasa ba, ba zai yuwu a cimma nasarar sauya fasahar fasaha mai tsafta da kudaden da ake bukata don sabawa da canjin yanayi ba.
Tattara albarkatun kuɗi
Don cimma nasarar Burin Cigaba Mai Dorewa ana buƙatar saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci. Raguwar da ta riga ta yadu cikin hanzari a ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya ya sanya aiwatar da waɗannan saka hannun jari mai sarkakiya. Ana buƙatar kuɗin duniya, waɗannan sun haɓaka cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin recentan shekarun nan amma ana buƙatar ƙari.
Rashin haɗari
Akwai mahimmanci kasada a cikin yanayin tattalin arziƙin duniyar, batun da zai shafi yiwuwar hanzarta shi. Shawarwarin siyasa da yanke shawara na manyan tattalin arzikin da suka ci gaba suna da muhimmiyar rawa a wannan batun.
Rashin tabbas na tattalin arziki da hasashe
Yanayin siyasa a matakin ƙasa yana haifar da rashin tabbas.
Misalin wannan shi ne sauye-sauyen da suka faru tare da Gwamnatin Amurka ta yanzu dangane da kasuwanci, canjin yanayi da bakin haure, bayan zaben Donald Trump a matsayin shugaban kasa.
Shawarar da Kingdomasar Burtaniya ta yanke na barin Tarayyar Turai da duk sakamakon da zai haifar a Turai, ya kuma nuna muhimman canje-canje da ke haifar da hakan rashin amincewa.
Rashin tabbas na haddasawa rashin tsaro da rudani, wanda zai iya yanke damar dawo da martaba a fagen kasuwanci, toshe faɗuwa da ci gaban kasuwancin duniya har ma ya shafe mu a cikin waɗannan hankulan a cikin gajeriyar lokaci.
A ƙofar 2018
Yayin da kwanaki suka rage zuwa karshen shekarar 2017, duniya tayi tsamari tana mamakin abin da zai faru shekara mai zuwa dangane da tattalin arzikin duniya.
Akwai kyakkyawan fata wanda aka samu tagomashi daga ci gaban ƙasashe masu ci gaba kamar Amurka, Japan ko Yankin Euro; inda bankuna ke ci gaba da yin allurar ruwa a cikin tsarin. Kasashe masu tasowa kamar Brazil suma sun sami farfadowar.
Fadada zai ci gaba da aikinsa a fili.
Tambayar ita ce shin wannan yanayin ci gaban na yanzu zai daɗe? IMF ta ɗauki fadada don ci gaba aƙalla shekaru biyu bayan wannan batu, sai dai idan akwai canje-canje ba zato ba tsammani.
Koyaya, Haɗarin haɗari yana cikin wuri kuma zai ci gaba da kasancewa haka a shekara mai zuwa. Rikicin siyasa na daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ka iya shafar ci gaban duniya.
Ana buƙatar daidaito da haɗin kai na ƙasa don buɗe hanyar samar da kuɗin kasuwanci, tare da mai da hankali ga ƙasashe matalauta na Afirka, ƙasashe masu tasowa na tsibirai da sauran waɗanda ke cikin buƙata. Hakanan dole ne haɗin kai na ƙasa da ƙasa ya jagoranci wasu yankunan.
Kowace ƙasa ko yanki dole ne ta faɗaɗa hangen nesa na matakai da matakai, don cimma daidaito ga takamaiman al'amuranta kuma ba ta da dogaro ga manufofin kuɗi.