Ngaphakathi kohlelo lomnotho wezwe, izimakethe zezezimali zingesinye sezibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Yindawo yomhlangano yabaphakeli nabafakizicelo, okungukuthi, kulabo abanemikhiqizo abazoyithengisa nalabo abadinga ukuyithenga. Ngakho-ke, ukuyiqonda kahle kungakusiza wazi ziyini izimakethe zezezimali, zenzelwe ini, zinjani izici noma izinhlobo ezikhona.
Uma ufuna ukwazi lonke lolu lwazi, khona-ke sizogxila kulesi sibalo sezomnotho futhi sizokutshela ngakho.
Yini izimakethe zezezimali
Ngendlela elula, singachaza ukuthi ziyini izimakethe zezezimali izindawo, ezibonakalayo noma ezibonakalayo, lapho izimpahla zithengwa futhi zithengiswe khona. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpahla azikwazi ukuqondakala njengemikhiqizo yansuku zonke nezimpahla noma izinsizakalo. Lokho wukuthi, imakethe yezezimali ayinasibopho sokuhlanganisa abantu abathengisa imifino noma okokugqoka nalabo abayifunayo, kepha kunalokho igxila kwezinye izinhlobo zezimpahla, njengokuvikeleka, imikhiqizo kanye / noma izinsimbi zezezimali.
Esikhathini esedlule, izimakethe zezimali zazenzeka ezindaweni ezithile lapho kwakudingwa khona ubudlelwano phakathi kokonga imindeni eyayikufuna kanye notshalo-mali izinkampani ezingalunikeza, kanye nokuxhaswa kwezimali kwamazwe. Manje sekulula kakhulu ngoba kwenziwa ngamapulatifomu e-telematic, ngakho-ke kudingekile kuphela ikhompyutha noma ifoni ephathekayo ukuze ikwazi ukuxhuma.
Ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwabo nemisebenzi abayenzayo, ziyalawulwa futhi zigadwe. Kulokhu, ibhizinisi elinegunya elikhulu kunawo wonke yibhange eliphakathi, ngokwesibonelo, iBhange LaseSpain noma iKhomishini Yezemakethe Yezokuphepha Kazwelonke (CNMV).
Zenzeleni
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi ziyini izimakethe zezezimali, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi uqonde ukuthi zenzelwe ini. Lokhu kuhlose uku abantu batshala imali yabo ukuze bathole umholo omuhle, bese kuthi izinkampani ezibuyiselayo zithole imali ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza futhi zona zenze olunye utshalomali ezibalethela imiphumela ezuzisayo yabo bonke.
Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wezimakethe zezezimali uzohlala ulawulwa ngumthetho wokuphakelwa kanye nokufunwa.
Manje, yize lo kungumsebenzi oyinhloko, ukubeka abathengisi nabathengi akuyona into kuphela abazoyenza. Kunemisebenzi eminingi efana nale:
- Amanani entengo.
- Nikeza impahla impahla yakho.
- Nciphisa izindleko zokulamula kanye nezinsuku zokugcina.
Izici zemakethe yezezimali
Kunokuhlunga okuningi izimakethe zezimali ezingazichaza. Kepha ngokuyisisekelo, kunezici eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko kuzo okungukuthi:
- Ukuvumelana nezimo: ngomqondo wokuthi ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko eziqhubekayo ezenzeka emthethweni wokunikezwa nokufunwa.
- Inkululeko: ngoba azikho izithiyo, ekuthengeni noma ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla zezimali (ngaphezu kwamathuba ngamunye wokubhekana nomsebenzi).
- Ubukhulu: ngoba sikhuluma ngemakethe lapho, lapho inani elikhulu lempahla likhula, lizoba likhulu ngokwengeziwe.
- Ukujula: Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, lapho kuba kukhulu emafeni, inani elikhulu lokuthengisa lizoba khona futhi lizohlala abantu nezinkampani eziningi.
- Ukuphawula: ngoba ungaluthola kalula ulwazi mayelana nemakethe yezezimali lapho ufuna ukusebenza khona.
Izinhlobo zezimakethe zezimali
Ukuhlukanisa izimakethe zezezimali kulula, kepha kuphumela ekubeni nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokwezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, cishe, sizoba:
- Izimakethe zezimali eziyinhloko: Futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhishwa, kulapho kukhishwa khona izibambiso, njengokuphepha kwezikweletu zomphakathi, amabhondi ezinkampani, njll.
- Izimakethe zesibili: okubizwa nangokuthi ukuxoxisana. Ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla zezimali eziyingxenye yemakethe eyinhloko kusebenza kuzo. Enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu yimakethe yamasheya, kepha kukhona okuningi okuningi okuqala ukubonakala.
Manje, uma sihlukanisa izimakethe zezezimali ngokususelwa esikhathini sokutshala imali, sizobe sesithola:
- Imakethe yemali: okugxila kuzimpahla zesikhashana esifushane (ezihlala ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12-18).
- Imakethe ye-capital: ngezimpahla zezimali zesikhathi eside. Okwaziwa kakhulu yilezo zamasheya, imali engenayo engaguquki noma okuphuma kwezezimali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe futhi kusinikeza izimakethe ezilandelayo:
- Impahla eluhlaza.
- Imali. Okuaziwa kakhulu kulezi zimo yi-Forex.
- Okuphuma kwezezimali, lapho uzothola khona izimakethe ezihleliwe, ezifana nekusasa lezezimali noma izinketho zezimali; noma okungakuhlelekile.
- Imali.
- Umshuwalense.
- I-Interbank.
- Imakethe ye-Cryptocurrency. Njengamanje okunye okuthuthuka kakhulu kungenxa yama-cryptocurrensets ahlukene akhona.
Kungani ukuhweba kulezi zimakethe kunzima kakhulu
Izimakethe zezezimali, ikakhulukazi ezinye zazo ezifana ne-cryptocurrensets noma imakethe yamasheya noma ukuphepha zikhanga kakhulu kwabaningi abanquma ukutshala imali yabo kuzo. Kodwa-ke, akumele ikhohlwe ukuthi iyingozi engaba khona.
Ngoba kunokushintshashintsha kwamanani, ngoba alawulwa ngumthetho wokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa, nokuthi izimo zamazwe neminotho yawo ziyazithinta lezi zimakethe, amanani kanye nokutshalwa kwemali okwenziwayo kungaphela noma kwehle. Ngamanye amagama, ungenza imali eningi, noma ungalahlekelwa okuningi.
Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kokungazinzi kwempahla yezezimali, kungalahlekelwa kakhulu; kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, inzuzo nayo ingaphakama. Ngalesi sizathu, abaningi bazibeka engcupheni yokufuna leyo "ngcebo" abaphuphe ngayo. Inkinga ukuthi, uma ungahambi nomthofu, izinto zingaba yingozi kakhulu.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba ne- ukuqeqeshwa okuhle emakethe yezimali esebenza kuyo ukuze kulindelwe izinkinga ezingaba khona kuvela amathuba amahle okuhweba noma eza.
Manje njengoba wazi okuningi ngezimakethe zezimali, usungathatha isinqumo sokuzifaka noma uhlale eceleni. Uma ungena, qiniseka ukuthi unalo lonke ulwazi noma ukuthi unabantu abaziqonda kahle lezo zimakethe.