Kulezi zinsuku sibona ukuthi omunye wemikhiqizo yezezimali evelayo kakhulu ubizwa kanjani ngokuthi yimali yesikhwama sokutshala imali. Kepha siyazi ngempela ukuthi kusho ukuthini lo mkhuba omusha wokutshala imali? Ngoba empeleni, inani legama le-Anglo-Saxon lifakwe ngamandla amakhulu emkhakheni wezezimali futhi mhlawumbe ngeke liphinde libuye. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele wazi ukuthi kuyini nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani sisebenzise lo mkhuba. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba ingakusiza ukwengeza ukutshalwa kwezimali kusuka manje.
Uma ulandela njalo imidiya yezokuxhumana ekhethekile uzobe usuthole ukuthi izinyanga ezimbalwa inani lamagama selifakiwe kwi ulimi lwemikhiqizo yezezimali futhi ikakhulukazi leyo yezimali zokutshala imali. Izinhlobo eziningi bezivela ezinyangeni ezedlule ezigcina lesi sici, esifakiwe ngaphakathi kwenani. Iningi labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bayazi ngokwengeziwe ukuthi bameleni namuhla.
Yebo, izimali zenani lokutshala zihlukaniswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezichazwe kahle zokutshala imali futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi uzazi kusukela kulo mzuzu oqondile. Okokuqala, kuzosho ithuba elisha ozolithola ukwenza imali oyongile izuze. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuze kube yilapho ikwazi futhi ukusuka endaweni yokubuka eyisisekelo. Lapho ungakhetha khona lezi zinhlobo zokutshala imali kunezinye izimali zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene: okuguqukayo, okungaguquki, imali, imali ehlanganisiwe noma kokunye ukwakheka. Ingenye yezinto ezintsha zakamuva ezinikezwa izimakethe zokutshala imali.
Izimali zenani lokutshala imali: ziyini?
Lesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezimali ekhetheke kakhulu ngokusobala singenye indlela yotshalo-mali ebonakala ngabaphathi bayo abatshala imali ezinkampanini ezihlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo nezibalulekile futhi ezingezona lezo ngaphandle kwalezo ezitholakala ezimisweni zokutshala imali. Ngamanye amagama, lokho ngokwesiko kubizwa ngokutshalwa kwemali kunani. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngqo? Yebo, into elula lapho uthi nhlá njengaleyo engadala ifayela le- inzuzo ephakeme isikhathi esifushane, esiphakathi noma eside. Ngokwehluka okunengqondo maqondana namanye amamodeli wokuphatha.
Kunoma ikuphi, lezi zinkampani kufanele zihlangabezane nochungechunge lwezidingo ezizothathwa njengevelu, futhi lapho ezinye ezifanele kakhulu yilezo esiziveza ngezansi:
- Umbandela wokuqala okufanele bawunikeze ngukuthi bayizinkampani ngezinzuzo zokuncintisana nokuthi kuyincazelo ebabonisa ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
- Uma kunokuthile okuhlukanisa lesi sigaba sezinkampani, kungenxa yokuthi zibhalwe ngezansi kwenani lazo langempela futhi ngenxa yalesi simo ezimakethe kungashiwo ukuthi zishibhile. Ngamanye amagama, zinamandla okubuyekeza aphezulu kunamanye. Ngale ndlela, uzohlala usesimweni sokukhiqiza inzuzo ephezulu kunaleyo esungulwe kwezinye izibambiso ezimakethe zezimali.
Ngamaqembu ochwepheshe kakhulu
Omunye umqondo osondelene kakhulu nezinkampani zenani elifanele ukuthi kufanele njalo unikeze iqembu labaphathi elihle kakhulu. Njengoba kungenzeka ubonile, omunye wama-nuances wokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya ukuthi inkampani iphethwe kahle kakhulu ukusuka lapho ibheke khona. Ngalo mqondo, kuvame kakhulu kulabo abane ochwepheshe abaphezulu ube nokuziphatha okuhle ezimakethe zezimali. Ukufika lapho ukuthi le nto ingaba isihlungi esinamandla kakhulu nesisebenzayo ukuze ukwazi ukuthuthukisa utshalomali lwakho kusuka manje. Akumangalisi ukuthi akuzona zonke izinkampani ezifakwe kuhlu ezifanayo ezifanayo maqondana nalesi sici esithile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukutshala imali ngenani, noma inani elifanayo, kungaba umlingani wakho wangempela wokuhlaziya ukuthi yini ezokwakhiwa kwephothifoliyo yakho elandelayo yokutshala imali. Hhayi ngeze, uzokhipha isinqumo ngochungechunge lweziphakamiso zemakethe yamasheya ezingahlangabezani nalokhu okulindelwe nganoma iyiphi indlela. Njengokutshala imali kulolu hlobo lwesikhwama, uzokwelulekwa ngabachwepheshe bezokutshalwa kwezimali abazinikele ngokomsebenzi ekuphishekeleni le njongo efiswa yibo bonke abasebenzeli bezezimali. Ungakukhohlwa lokho thola inani Ngenye yezinjongo ezifanele kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umxhumanisi wezezimali.
Imfashini yezimali zenani
Kungumkhuba odlondlobele futhi sekuvele kunabatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi abafuna ngenkani lesi sigaba sezimali zokutshala imali. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukugxekwa kuvela emazingeni athile okuphatha okuzokwenza wonke umuntu acabange ukuthi angabhalisela yini noma cha. Njengesibonelo, ukugxeka okutholwe eqinisweni lokuthi ukulinganiswa kwayo namandla okutshalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini ezincane ezibalulwe kubangele izinkinga zemali. Lesi yisigameko sokuqala ongasithola kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ukuze uzibuze ukuthi ufanele yini ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwalesi sigaba sezimali zotshalo-mali ezikhetheke kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye ezingajwayelekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esinye isici okufanele sisibheke kusukela manje ukuthi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abanakho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuqonda labo baphathi Inani unesikhathi esinconyiwe sokuhlala isikhathi eside. Okungukuthi, phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu neyishumi futhi kunoma yisiphi isimo singaphezulu kwaleyo ekhonjiswe ngezinye izimali zendabuko noma ezijwayelekile zokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngalo mqondo, ingasebenza njengomphelelisi osebenza kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni iphothifoliyo elinganiselayo futhi enamathemba amahle okuthola inzuzo enhle eminyakeni edlule. Akunasimo sokusebenza okusheshayo noma isikhathi esifushane.
Izici ezihlaziyiweyo
Ukunquma leli nani, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucacise uchungechunge lwezinto eziphethe abahlaziyi bezezimali. Isibonelo, lawo atholakala kunqubo umphathi ngamunye ayigcinayo noma ayisebenzisayo kumqondo wenani nokuthi uyini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngalo mqondo ukuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukutholakala kwamathuba emakethe noma cha. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu ukungazinzi noma ukuguquguquka ezimakethe zokulingana. Ngoba, phakathi kwezinye izizathu, bangamela amathuba ebhizinisi wangempela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokubuyekezwa okungaguquguquki nokugculisayo ukwedlula kwezinye iziphakamiso zemakethe yamasheya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zenani lokutshala imali zinenzuzo enkulu uma ziqondiswe esikhathini eside futhi ziyizimali zenani lokulingana. Ngemvelo engahlukahluka kakhulu ngoba ingakhiwa kokukhulu Amanani we-Ibex 35 futhi lokho kugxile ekutshalweni kwemali ezinkampanini ezincane noma eziphakathi nezimali ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi eMakethe Eqhubekayo yaseSpain. Kepha futhi kusuka kwamanye ama-stock indices kusuka kunoma yikuphi emhlabeni ukuhlukanisa iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ngendlela elula futhi elinganiselayo.
Zifunani izimali zenani?
Lona ngumbuzo abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abazibuza wona kaningi futhi odinga ukucaciselwa ukuze bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo ngendlela efanele kusukela manje. Yebo, ngaphezu kwakho konke ukufinyelela amabhizinisi aqondakalayo, ngamathemba amahle, ikakhulukazi ngesikweletu esincane futhi, ikakhulukazi nokuthi yini okubaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi, ukuthi baphathe intengo yokuncintisana kakhulu. Ukuze esikhathini esilinganiselwe noma esingaphansi kakhulu kube nenzuzo futhi kutholakale ukuzuza kwemali ecacile esitatimendeni semali engenayo.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, ingxenye enhle yalezi zimali ezintsha zokutshala izimali ikhombise amandla abo okukhiqiza okuhle kakhulu inzuzo yesikhathi eside emakethe yezimali. Izimali ikakhulukazi zokutshala imali ezixhunyaniswe nemakethe yamasheya futhi ikakhulukazi eyaseSpain. Ngamamajini wokulamula aphakeme kunalawo ahlinzekwa ngamanye amafomethi kulesi sigaba semikhiqizo yokutshala imali. Isici okufanele silinganiswe ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zokucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Amamodeli anenzuzo ethe xaxa
Enye yezimali zokutshala imali okwamanje ekhombisa ukusebenza okungcono kunezinye yilezo ezitshala imali ku- Izimali zaseSpain nePortugal. Ukubheka ukuphepha ngezinketho ezinhle zokuvuselela ezinyangeni ezizayo, njengezinkampani ezinjengeNaturgy (iGesi Yemvelo), iRepsol ne-Nokia Gamesa. Ingenye yezindlela abanye abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abangazikhetha ngazo uma befuna ukusizakala ngezici ezihlukile zezimali ezibizwa ngokuthi zenani lokutshala imali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubuye kubhekwe iqiniso lokuthi lo mkhiqizo wezezimali wenziwa njengendlela yotshalo-mali enikeza imiphumela emihle yesikhathi eside. Futhi ngalo mqondo, kufanele uwaqonde, kepha ukhombise ukuthi kungukutshalwa kwezimali okunobungozi obukhulu ngakho-ke kufanele ubahlole kusukela ngesikhathi abaqashwa ngaso. Kulo mongo ojwayelekile, zisuselwa ekutholakaleni kwezimpahla ngentengo engaphansi kwenani lazo langaphakathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi lokhu kungenye yezimbazo eziyinhloko lapho kusebenza khona futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele uthathe izindlela zokwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nasesimweni. Lokhu kubonakala kancane ngezimali zokutshala imali ezaziwa njengevelu.