Izabelo ziwuhlobo lwesinxephezelo sezomnotho kumnikazi wamasheya. Isabelo sabaninimasheya yinoma yimuphi umuntu onengxenye okungenani eyodwa enkampanini. Futhi enye yezindlela zokusabalalisa inzuzo etholakalayo ngezinzuzo. Ngale ndlela, umninimasheya uthola inani lonyaka ebelibekwe yinkampani phambilini.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkampani, izinkokhelo ezihlukile, kwesinye isikhathi ziphakeme futhi kwesinye isikhathi azikho. Konke kuncike kumasu, inzuzo, kanye nenani lemali eliyinqunyiwe lenkampani. Eziningi zazo, kwesinye isikhathi azizisabalalisi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona okunye okunokwabiwa okukhulu kakhulu. Kunamasu nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusondela kutshalo-mali olususelwa kwimbuyiselo engalindelwa kusuka kuzinzuzo. Ngalesi sizathu, sizosebenzisa indatshana yanamuhla ukukhuluma ngezinzuzo.
Zivelaphi izinzuzo?
Njengoba sibonile ekuqaleni kwendatshana, izinzuzo zivela enzuzweni etholwe yinkampani. Ngokuqondile, inzuzo ehlanzekile. Emhlanganweni Jikelele, uma zonke izidingo zenkampani sezithathelwe ingqalelo, kuyavunyelwana ukuthi ingxenye yenzelwe ukusatshalaliswa kuzabelo. Imvamisa, inkampani akufanele ibe nemiphumela emibi, noma ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu. Ukuze lokhu kungenzeki, futhi kube nesimo sezimali esiqinile, inzuzo kuqala kufanele isetshenziselwe ukukhokhela ukulahlekelwa kwangaphambilini ukuze kube nokugcinwa kanye nezimali eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanele.
Lapho ingxenye yezinzuzo ezizosatshalaliswa ivunyelwene, izinsuku ezimbalwa zokusatshalaliswa zikhonjisiwe ekhalendeni. Izabelo zivame ukuqoqwa ngendlela ejwayelekile echaziwe, kuya ngenkampani, kungaba ukusatshalaliswa minyaka yonke, kwehlukaniswe ngezinkokhelo ezimbili zonyaka (isemester ngayinye), noma ngekota, noma izinkokhelo ezingaphezulu kwezinye izimo. Ukuze ufanelekele ukukhokhelwa kwesahlukaniso, kukhona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "usuku lwesaphulelo." Usuku lapho inani le-dividend lehliswa ngalo kusuka kulolo lwabiwo. Isibonelo, sinenkampani ehweba ngo- € 9, futhi ikhokha izabelo ze- € 50 ngo-Ephreli 0, kodwa usuku lwayo lwesaphulelo nguMashi 20. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngalolo suku isenzo sasizosuka kwizindleko € 4 ziye ku- € 20, nge- € 9 ehloselwe ukukhokha.
Ungalibala kanjani inani nenzuzo yenkokhelo yezabelo?
Ngokuya ngenkampani, ngisho nemboni imbala, izinkokhelo zezabelo zingahluka. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi kunezinkampani ezivame ukuphana kakhulu kunezinye. Eqinisweni, yize idividendi iyahlukahluka, into ethokozisayo ukuthola izinkampani lapho ukukhokhwa kwesahlukaniso kugcinwa futhi kwanda eminyakeni edlule. Kukhona ezinye izibambiso, izinkampani zazo ebezikhuphula kancane izinkokhelo zemihlomulo iminyaka eminingi. Ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima, baye bazigcina. Leli qembu lezinkampani ezikhethiwe laziwa njenge- «Iziphathimandla Ezihlukanisiwe".
Ukusatshalaliswa kwesahlukaniso salokho, kubekwe ngokuqinile isikhundla senkampani, kokubili ezomnotho nezamasu. Kunezinkampani ezixazululeka kakhulu ezifana neGoogle (Alphabet), lapho kungekho khona isabelo esisatshalaliswayo, ngoba kubhekwa ukuthi ukuphinda kutholakale inzuzo kungaletha inani elikhulu kumnikazi wamasheya, ngokwandisa isikhundla sabo nokuthola izinzuzo ezinkulu. Abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangabela ingxenye encane kakhulu, njenge-10 noma i-20% yenzuzo yabo. Ngenkathi ezinye zivame kakhulu, futhi zisabalalisa isilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-50%, njengoba kunjalo ngeBanco Santander.
Ukuze uthole inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi uqaphele. Kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ngoba inani lamasheya liphansi, yingakho inzuzo yabo. Abanye ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani ingahle ibhekane nezikhathi ezinzima, futhi ukuze 'ingabathokozisi' abaninimasheya, basabalalisa amaphesenti amaningi ngokweqile, kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphezulu kwalokhu okutholwe ngenzuzo. Okuthile okuyingozi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunikela ngaphezu kokuthola.
Yimaphi amaphesenti enzuzo etholakala ngezabelo zamasheya?
Konke kuzoya ngenani lamasheya, okusho ukuthi, ukufakwa kwemali emakethe ngaleso sikhathi. Isibonelo, isabelo se- € 0 ngentengo ngesabelo ngasinye se- € 10 asifani nesabelo esingu- € 4. Esimweni sesibili inzuzo izophindwa kabili, isuke ku-00% iye ku-2% yenzuzo ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sibonile phambilini, futhi kuya ngamaphesenti anikezwe kusukela enzuzweni isatshalaliswa.
Enkampanini ezuze isigidi esingu-1.000 esabalalisa ama-50% wenzuzo yayo ehlanzekile, izokwaba izigidi ezingama-500 kwizabelo. Kulesi simo sokucabanga, kufanele sibheke ukwenziwa kwemali emakethe yayo. Ake sicabange ukuthi inani lakho lokwenza imali liyi- $ 10.000 billion. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi uma isabalalisa izigidi ezingama-500, inzuzo etholakele ingaba ngama-5%.
Ifomula ezosetshenziswa izotholakala ekubaleni iphesenti phakathi kwenani lokwenza imali yenkampani nokusatshalaliswa kwenzuzo.
Kuhlala kuthakazelisa ukusizakala ngokushintshashintsha kwamanani. Ngakho-ke, njengoba isabelo siwela entengweni, isivuno sedividendi sithambekele ekukhuleni. Ngaphandle kokuthi inkampani ibhekane nezinkinga ezithinta futhi zifake engozini izitatimende zayo zezezimali.
Futhi izinkampani ezinemivuzo ephezulu noma ephezulu kakhulu yemivuzo?
Lolu hlobo lwesimo lwenzeka ezimweni ezithile. Singathola ukuthi kukhona ukwehla kwamandla omnotho noma inkinga, futhi umnotho uyinkontileka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuphepha izinkampani eziningi ezidayisa kuzo kungahle kube "okukhangayo kakhulu." Kulezi zimo, kuzokwazi ukuhlola ukusebenza nomthelela wezomnotho izimo ezingaba nazo enkampanini.
Abanye, noma kunjalo, ukuthi bangabo ukwaba ukujeziswa okukhulu kunalokho okufanele ukwenze ngempilo. Kungenzeka ngoba umgcinimafa wakho uyakuvumela, noma ukugcina abatshalizimali bejabule. Sikhuluma ngokubuya okukhulu kwe-10% noma nangaphezulu. Noma amacala lapho okuphindaphindwayo lapho inkampani ibhalwe khona kuphakeme ngokweqile ngenxa yenzuzo abayinikezayo. Kumele sifunde lawa macala, sibone ukuthi izibalo ezikhiqizwayo zisimeme ngempela yini, futhi sihlole ukuthi kungaba lula kangakanani ukutshalwa kwezimali kwalolu hlobo. Isibonelo, inkampani ehweba ngezikhathi ezingama-40 zenzuzo yaminyaka yonke, futhi isinikeza isabelo semali engu-5%, iyasolisa kakhulu (kungasho ukuthi iphindwe kabili kunalokho ekuzuzile).
Imvamisa, ukuzingela izinzuzo eziphakeme kakhulu kugcina kuholele ekwesabeni noma ekonakaleni kwephothifoliyo yethu ebingagwemeka.