Uma ukhuluma ngomkhakha wokutshala imali, omunye wemikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu ekhona yileyo ebizwa ngokuthi yimikhiqizo enezinkomba. Zingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zabatshalizimali abanazo ngolwazi oluncane noma ukufunda ezimakethe zezimali. Zingasetshenziswa kuyo yomibili imikhiqizo engenayo engaguquki, njengamadiphozi asebhange ethekwini kanye nemali engenayo eguquguqukayo, lapho izimali zokutshala imali zingenye yezimboni zazo ezinkulu kakhulu. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, ziphindaphinda ukuvela kwezimpahla zezimali okuxhunyaniswe kuzo ngayinye yale mikhiqizo yezezimali.
Ukuvela kwayo ukwehluka okunengqondo kulokho okukhiqizwe kusuka kumikhiqizo ejwayelekile yokutshala imali. Ngomqondo wokuthi akhombisa ngokunembile ukuvela kwezimakethe zezezimali. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi baba enye indlela yangempela yokuqalisa ukutshala imali, kepha ngaphandle kokuthatha izingozi ezingadingekile ekusebenzeni. Zikulungele ikakhulukazi ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo esikhathini eside nangaphezulu kwezikhathi ezimfushane. Ngakho-ke, abamukeli bayo yiphrofayili yabatshalizimali abavikela kakhulu noma abalondolozayo
Enye yezinzuzo zemikhiqizo okuthiwa eyinkomba ukuthi kuvulwa amamodeli amaningi wokutshala imali. Azisenqunyelwe kwizimali zokutshala imali, njengoba zazinjalo kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa eyedlule, kepha ungazibhalisela zona futhi kusuka ku- imali yasebhange yesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Ngoba okuyikho ekupheleni kosuku ukuphindaphinda impahla yezezimali, noma ngabe yini. Kuyincazelo yangempela yemikhiqizo ekhonjiwe nokuthi yini ongazuza ngayo ukuqala ukutshala kwakho imali kusuka manje.
Imikhiqizo Enenkomba: Izimali
Baku- izimali zokutshala izimali lapho ifilosofi yangempela yemikhiqizo ekhonjisiwe yenziwa ngendlela efanelekile. Ngoba empeleni, zingashintshelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhakha noma inkomba kwizilinganiso zamazwe omhlaba. Akumangalisi ukuthi unomnikelo wokuthi kunezimali zenkomba kunoma iyiphi inkomba efana ne- Ibex 35 noma i-S & P500, ukubala izibonelo ezimbalwa. Ngomshini oqondakala kalula kakhulu osuselwa ekutheni inkomba iyakhuphuka yini, isikhwama siyakhuphuka ngenani ngokulingana. Hhayi ngendlela ecishe ifane njengoba kwenzeka nezinye izinhlobo zezimali zokutshala imali ezingabhalisiwe.
Enye yezinzuzo zayo ukuthi imisebenzi yakho ingadluliselwa, zombili ezimakethe kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe, yize bengabokuqala ukwenzeka kakhulu ukwenza lo mkhiqizo wezezimali. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ukukuqasha ezinkampanini zokuphatha ezisendaweni yethu kazwelonke futhi zikhetha ukukhetha le ndawo. Kepha-ke alukho uhlobo lwemikhawulo noma imikhawulo yokuthi ukwazi ukukhetha umkhiqizo noma isikhwama sokutshala imali esinezikhombisi. Yilabo kuphela abenziwe ngabaphathi ngokwabo.
Behluleka ukushaya izinkomba
Vele, uma okudingayo kungumkhiqizo wokushaya izinkomba, lokhu akuyona enye indlela oyidingayo ngalo mzuzu oqondile. Ngoba ayikaze yenze imisebenzi ibe nenzuzo ngale ndlela, futhi ayenzi isimilo sayo siphansi kulokho okumakwe izimakethe zezezimali. Ngandlela thile, yindlela oyitshalile ngayo imali yakho ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni amasheya emakethe yamasheya. Kepha esikhundleni sokuphepha okukodwa, emkhakheni noma enkombeni yokuhlukanisa ngempumelelo enkulu imali etshaliwe. Njengoba uzobona, kukhona umehluko othile owenza imikhiqizo enezikhombo yehluke emkhakheni wokutshala imali.
Ngale ndlela yokutshala imali kulula kakhulu kuwe ukuthi ujwayele iqiniso elibonisa izimakethe zezimali usuku nosuku. Ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe futhi ngombono oyisisekelo. Lokhu, empeleni, akukusizi ngalutho futhi akulimazi ngokweqile. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, ihambisana nesitayela sokutshala imali ukuthi wehluke kakhulu kokunye nokuthi awuzange ube khona kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule. Manje usungawaqasha ngaphandle kwenkinga engxenyeni yakho.
Amakhomishini aphansi
Esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu zemikhiqizo okuthiwa yinkomba ukuthi baletha amakhomishini nezindleko kubaphathi babo okungukuthi okungabizi kakhulu kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Lokho wukuthi, kuzokubiza imali encane ukwenza utshalomali kusuka kule mikhiqizo ekhetheke kakhulu onayo phambi kwakho. Futhi ngaphandle kokukhokha amakhomishini aphakeme kakhulu ezimali ngokuphathwa okusebenzayo noma ezinye izici. Lapho ingafika kaningi ku-2% enhlokodolobha etshaliwe. Ezikhwameni zokubambisana, lezi zimali azifinyeleli ku-0,80%. Ngayo ungonga imali eningi ngokuqasha kwakho.
Mayelana nezimali zokutshala imali zemvelo enenkomba, kufanele wazi ukuthi yizona ezishibhile ongazithola emakethe. Kufike ezingeni lokuthi kuzoba lula kuwe kwenze kube nenzuzo ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi uma amakhomishini nezindleko zale mikhiqizo yezezimali sehlisiwe. Noma ngabe imakethe yezimali obhekise kuyo njengamanje. Yize kunengqondo ukuthi izimakethe zikazwelonke zikhula kancane maqondana nalezi zikhokhelwa. Okuningi aguqulelwe izidingo zangempela zabasebenzisi.
Izimali ze-ETF vs index
Ama-ETFs, afakwe kuhlu ezimakethe ezihleliwe, anika umtshalizimali ithuba lokukhetha intengo yokuthenga nokuthengisa, bayakuvumela thenga noma uthengise nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ngokuhlinzwa okufana ncamashi nalokho okunikezwa ngemali yenkomba, kepha ngomehluko omkhulu wokuthi ekugcineni ungonga imali eningi kumakhomishini. Ngokombono kunenzuzo enkulu ukubhalisa isikhwama sezinkomba kunaleso esisohlwini. Yize yonke into izoncika kulokho okulindelwe ngabatshali zimali ngamunye.
Akunakulibaleka, kunalokho, ukuthi imali yezinkomba ingathengwa noma ithengiswe kanye ngosuku uziba i-priori intengo ukuhweba. Ngokwalo mbono wokutshalwa kwezimali, yizimali ezifanele kakhulu zokuhwebelana noma ama-ETF wokusebenza kwakho ezimakethe zezezimali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kuzoba namazinga amaningi okweneliseka kulowo nalowo mkhiqizo wezezimali ezimbili nokuthi bazokwazi ukunquma ukuthi ukhetha kuphi kusukela manje. Ngobuhle nobubi bayo, njengoba ngakolunye uhlangothi kunengqondo ukucabanga lapho kukhulunywa ngemikhiqizo ehloselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali yilokho esikhuluma ngakho njengamanje.
Izinzuzo zokukhomba
Lesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezezimali siphethe uchungechunge lwezinzuzo okufanele wazi kusuka kumzuzu wokuqala. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ukwazi ukusebenza kalula nabo futhi ungathola okuningi ekusebenzeni kwakho. Kunoma ikuphi, bakulethela izinzuzo ezilandelayo esikuvezela zona ngezansi.
- wakhe eshibhile ukwedlula eminye imikhiqizo yezimali futhi ngeke zidinge ukuthi ubhekane namakhomishini aphezulu, ngoba ngakolunye uhlangothi kwenzeka ngamanye amamodeli wokutshala imali.
- Ukuqapha kwayo kulula kakhulu kusukela phindaphinda kahle izinkomba zamasheya, ngokungafani nhlobo uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhwama zendabuko zokutshala imali. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi bazodinga umzamo omncane wokuqinisekisa ukuvela kwabo.
- wakhe imikhiqizo elula kakhulu lokho akudingi ukufunda okukhethekile. Ziguqulelwa kuwo wonke amaphrofayili wabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinkinga zokuziqonda kahle.
- Zintsha kakhulu ngomqondo wokuthi zenziwe isikhashana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baqala kusuka kubaphathi okungukuthi okusha kakhulu futhi lokho kuphakamisa imibono emisha ngokutshalwa kwezimali. Izinkampani zabaphathi zinelungelo lokuthola izimali zezinkomba ezitshala izimakethe zamasheya zaseSpain, zaseYurophu nezamazwe omhlaba.
Okubi kwalo mkhiqizo
Izinkomba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azikuvumeli ukuthi uphambuke ekuguqukeni kwezinkomba zokulingana. Kujwayelekile ukuthi ezinye izimali zokutshala imali zingashaya inkomba eziyilandelayo noma okuphambene nalokho. Ngalo mqondo, ziyimikhiqizo yezezimali kakhulu okungalindelekile kuzo zonke izindawo zokubuka. Bangakunika isimanga esiyinqaba, ngandlela thile nangenye. Okuthile okungenzeki ngemikhiqizo enezikhombo noma izimali. Kulesi simo, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izilinganiso ezinkulu futhi ngandlela thile ngisho nezingalindelekile.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka kwembulwa ukuthi ekugcineni kukhona abatshalizimali abambalwa kakhulu noma izimali eziphethwe ngenkuthalo ezingashaya ama-indices, okungukuthi, esikhathini eside kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ngcono inzuzo enikezwa ngama-indices. Lokho izinkomba ezikunikeza ngakho kungaphezu kwakho konke ukuphepha ukwenza utshalomali ngoba wazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi uvezwa yini. Ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphambuka kuzimpahla zezimali ezikhethwe ngabatshalizimali.
Akumangalisi ukuthi lokhu ukubheja okuhle okwenziwe yile modeli ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo nangaphezulu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Yize ekupheleni kosuku kufanele kube nguwe okufanele ubhekane nesinqumo sokuthi ngabe kulula yini ukuthi uqashe omunye wale mikhiqizo yezezimali. Ukuze ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola ithuthuke unyaka nonyaka.