Uyini imakethe eqhubekayo

Emakethe yamasheya, izwe ngalinye linemakethe yalo elenziwe yizinkampani zikazwelonke. Lapha, eSpain, sinemakethe okuthiwa iyaqhubeka efaka izinkampani eziyi-130 zase-Iberia. Kepha uyini imakethe eqhubekayo? Isebenza kanjani? Uma kwenzeka ungena emhlabeni wezomnotho nezezimali, lokhu kungumqondo obalulekile kuwe.

Ngeke nje siphendule umbuzo omkhulu onikeza le ndatshana isihloko sayo, kodwa sizophinde sichaze nokuthi imakethe eqhubekayo isebenza kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi amahora ayo okuhweba nokuthi yiziphi izinkampani ezenzayo.

Uyini umakethe oqhubekayo futhi usebenza kanjani?

Uma uqala ukutshala imali ezimakethe zamasheya, noma okungenani ukuzazisa ngale ndaba, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi uthole ukuthi imakethe eqhubekayo iyini. Luhlelo oluxhuma ukuhwebelana kwamasheya amane eSpain emakethe yamasheya eyodwa. Ngale ndlela, amasheya angabhalwa kanyekanye ekuhwebeni kwamasheya eBarcelona, ​​Bilbao, Madrid naseValencia. Ukuze unike amandla lo msebenzi, kukhona ipulatifomu kagesi ebizwa ngeSpanish Stock Market Interconnection System (SIBE). Le nkundla ivumela ukuhwebelana kwamasheya amane kweSpain ukuthi kusebenze ngokungathi kuyimakethe eyodwa yamasheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlanganisa izingxoxo ezingaba khona zemvume, ETFs, amasheya neminye imikhiqizo yokutshala imali.

Kwakungu-1989 lapho iSpain iqala ukuhweba amasheya ngohlelo lwe-elektroniki. Ngaleso sikhathi, imakethe eqhubekayo yavela ngentengo yamasheya ayisikhombisa, akukho okunye. Namuhla kunezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-130 ezisohlwini lwayo. Ngaphakathi kwayo, kukhona nezokuphepha ezibalwe ku-IBEX 35, okuyinkomba ehlanganisa izinkampani ngezimali ezinkulu kakhulu zemakethe.

Lowo ophethe ukwengamela imakethe eqhubekayo yi-CNMV (National Securities Market Commission). Esikhundleni salokho, isigungu esilawulayo yi-BME (iSpanish Stock Exchanges and Markets). Ngokuqondene nebhizinisi eliphethe ukusula kanye nokukhokha, le yi-Iberclear, ephethwe yi-BME.

Ukusebenza

Manje njengoba sesazi okuningi noma okuncane ukuthi imakethe eqhubekayo iyini, ake sichaze ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, i-SIBE yakhiwe ngokuphepha okuhlukahlukene. Iningi lalezi ziyingxenye yokuqashwa okujwayelekile. Lokhu-ke, kusekelwe emakethe eqhubekayo eqhutshwa ama-oda ahlukahlukene. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Awu yini intengo yakhiwa kusuka esiphambanweni phakathi kokunikezwayo kokuthenga nokunikezwayo kokuthengisa. Mayelana namahora okuhweba, sizophawula ngawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi singathola izingxenye eziningana ngaphakathi kwe-SIBE. Sizophawula ngazo ngezansi:

• Ingxenye ejwayelekile yokuhweba ngamasheya: Lokhu kwaziwa kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abathengisayo eSpain.
• I-MAB (Enye Imakethe Yesitoko): Le makethe yadalwa ngo-2008 ukuze izinkampani ezinemali yazo emakethe yehliswe noma ezazisesigabeni sokunweba nazo zingabalwa.
• I-Latibex: Imakethe yaseLatibex yagunyazwa ngo-1999. Inhloso yayo ukusebenza njengengxenye yokuxazulula nokuxoxisana eYurophu yezokuphepha zezinkampani eziyinhloko eLatin America. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinentengo ngama-euro.
• Imakethe ye-ETF: Ama-ETF angatholwa kule ngxenye esemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Lawa ma-akhronimi ngokuyisisekelo achaza izimali ezisohlwini lokutshalwa kwezimali.
• Ukulungisa ingxenye: Ekugcineni, kunesigaba sokuLungisa. Lokhu kuhloselwe lezo zimfihlo ezinamanani aphansi ngaphakathi kwe-SIBE.

Imakethe eqhubekayo ivulwa nini?

Ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi imakethe eqhubekayo iyini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi amashejuli ayo uma sifuna ukuphumela obala. Amahora okuhweba ale makethe yamasheya aseSpain aqala ngehora lesishiyagalolunye ekuseni aphele ngehora lesihlanu ntambama. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sinake indali yokuvula nokuvala. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezindali ezimbili sibizwa ngokuthi "imakethe evulekile".

Kepha iyini indali? Lezi yizikhathi zesikhathi sokuhweba emakethe yamasheya. Ngalezi zikhathi, ama-oda angashintshwa, akhanselwe futhi afakwe, kepha ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zenzo zenziwe. Zisetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo ukusetha izintengo zokuvula nokuvala zombili futhi ngaleyo ndlela ulawule ukwehla kwamanani ngokweqile.

Ake sifingqe futhi sibone kangcono amashejuli:

• Indali yokuvula: kusuka ku-8.30 am kuya ku-9.00 am.
• Imakethe evulekile: kusuka ku-9.00 am kuya ku-17.30 am.
• Indali yokuvala: kusuka ku-17.30 am kuya ku-17.35 am.

Yiziphi izinkampani ezakha imakethe eqhubekayo?

Ukwazi kahle ukuthi imakethe eqhubekayo iyini, akwanele ukwazi incazelo noma amashejuli. Kumele futhi sazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkampani ezakhayo. Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, sezingama-130 sezizonke, ezinye zazo zidume kakhulu. Sizokubhala ngezansi:

1. Abengo A
2. Abengo B
3. Acciona
4. I-Acciona Ener
5. I-Acerinox
6. I-ACS
7. U-Adolfo Dguez
8. I-Aedas
9. I-Ena
10. I-Airbus SE
11. Okungenziwayo
12. I-Alantra
13. I-Almirall
14. Amadeus
15. Ampere
16. I-Amrest
17. I-Aperam
18. Faka isicelo
19. I-Arcelormit
20. Arima
21. I-Atresmedia
22. I-Audax ivuselelwe.
23. I-Aux. Isitimela
24. azkoyen
25. I-Santander
26. Ba. Sabadell
27. I-Bankinter
28. IBaron yoMthetho
29. IBavaria
30. BBVA
31. Berkeley
32. Bo. I-Riojanas
33. Ibheji ye-Borges
34. ICaixabank
35. Cam
36. Cash
37. CCEP
38. I-Cellnex
39. ICevasa
40. I-Cie Automot.
41. UCleop
42. Ikhodi
43. I-Coemac
44. Inkampani Alba
45. Ihange
46. UMnu. Felguera
47. I-Deoleo
48. Dia
49. Dominion
50. Ukudla kwe-Ebro
51. Isihlanganisi
52. Amaphupho
53. Elecnor
54. Amakotikoti
55. Manje
56. Qeda
57. Ama-Ercros
58. ezentis
59. UFama
60. FCC
61. I-Ferrovial
62. I-Fluidra
63. IGAM
64. Izimpawu zomzimba
65. Gr. C. Occident
66. Ukushiswa kwezikhali
67. IGrifols Cl. A
68. IGrifols Cl. B
69. IAG
70. Iberdrola
71. I-Iberpapel
72. Inditex
73. I-Indra A
74. Inm. Eyamakoloni
75. Inm. kusukela eningizimu
76. I-Lar Spain
77. ILibertas 7
78. Umugqa oqondile
79. Ama-Ingots Esp.
80. Logistician
81. Imephufre
82. I-Mediset
83. Amahhotela aseMelia
84. Merlin
85. I-Metrovacesa
86. Izindleko zeMiquel.
87. UMontebalito
88. Imvelo
89. Indlu yemvelo
90. I-Neinor
91. Okulandelayo
92. NH Ihhotela
93. UNico. ibhande
94. nyesa
95. awu
96. Ukushiswa
97. I-Oryzon
98. I-Pescanova
99. UPharma Mar
100. Prim
101. Gijimani
102. Prosegur
103. REC
104. I-Realia
105. UReig Jofre
106. UReno M. S / A
107. UReno M. Conv.
108. Imali engenayo ka-4
109. I-Renta Corp.
110. I-Repsol
111. I-Rovi
112. Sacyr
113. San Jose
114. Isevisi PS
115. Siemens Umdlalo
116. ISolaria
117. I-Solarpack
118. I-Soltec
119. Talgo
120. UTec. Reunidas
121. Telefonica
122. I-Tubacex
123. Amashubhu weReuni.
124. I-Unicaja
125. I-Urbas
126. IVertex 360
127. IVidrala
128. I-Viscofan
129. I-Vocento
130. Zardoya otis

Ukuze ukwazi ukutadisha izinkampani ngokuyisisekelo noma ngobuchwepheshe, lokhu kuyatholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Ngemicimbi efanelekile, indawo yokuqala ongaya kuyo ikuwebhusayithi ye-CNMV. Kukhona nezinye eziphelele ngokuphelele njenge-Investing, Pcbolsa, infobolsa, njll. Noma kunjalo, khumbula lokho Isifundo esihle sokuqala semakethe nezinkampani kuzokusiza wenze isinqumo.