Ngaphakathi kuhlu lwamagama kwezomnotho, i-GDP ingenye yemiqondo ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi. Yimigomo yezezimali ethi, njenge-CPI; I-VAT noma i-TIN kufanele wazi kahle ukuthi ichaza ukuthini nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani. Kepha, Iyini i-GDP ncamashi?
Uma uhlale uzibuza futhi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani osopolitiki nosomnotho bekhuluma ngalo ngokuqhubekayo, noma kungani kubalulekile ukuhlola ukukhula kwezwe, khona-ke sizokhuluma nawe mayelana nokuthi iyini i-GDP neminye imininingwane onayo ukwazi ngakho.
Yini i-GDP
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini i-GDP ngakho-ke kufanele wazi ukuthi i-GDP yisichasiso salokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yiGross Domestic Product. Lokhu kusho ingcebo izwe elinayo ngonyaka owodwa. Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngenkomba yezomnotho ebheka inani lemali lezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezikhiqizwa yizwe ngonyaka.
Elinye igama le-GDP yiGross Domestic Product (GDP), ngakho-ke uma uyibona inalezo ezinye izifinyezo uyazi ukuthi ikhuluma ngento efanayo.
Manje, kungani ulinganisa inani lezomnotho lezimpahla nezinsizakalo zezwe? Hhayi-ke, kungenxa yokuthi le nkomba isiza ukwazi ukuthi ngabe izwe lisakhula yini kwezomnotho, limile noma, ngeshwa, linezinkinga (okusho ukuthi, esikhundleni sokukhula, liyancipha).
Elinye iqiniso okufanele licatshangelwe mayelana nokuthi iyini i-GDP ukuthi ngubani oyidalile. Esimweni esinjalo, Ubani esikweleta uSimon Kutznets owakufaka embikweni ovela ngawo-30 lapho kwenziwa ama-akhawunti ezezimali e-United States. Eqinisweni, ibingafaki lowo mqondo kuphela, kodwa eminye eminingi. Futhi lokho "okusunguliwe" kwamzuzela iNobel Prize kwezomnotho.
Kumele ucace ukuthi lokhu okukhulunywa yile nkomba kungumkhiqizo «wangaphakathi»; Sikhuluma ngemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo empeleni ezenziwa ezweni, hhayi lezo ezingeniswa ezweni. Konke okukhiqizwa ezweni kubalwa ngalo mkhiqizo omkhulukazi "wasekhaya".
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-GDP
Akungabazeki ukuthi lo mqondo wezomnotho ulusizo impela. Kepha awukwazi ukumethemba nge-100%. Futhi ngukuthi, ayinakuphutha ngoba inezinye "izimbobo ezimhlophe", okusho ukuthi, kunezici ezithile ezingazinaki futhi ezingabeka imiphumela oyinikezayo. Isibonelo, phakathi kwamaphuzu amabi ale nkomba kukhona:
- Lokho akubandakanyi wonke umnotho wezwe. Kugxila kuphela kulokho abakukhiqizayo, yebo, kepha kukushaya indiva okungaphandle (izinkampani ezisebenzisela amanye amazwe umsebenzi kodwa zingenise okwethu), ukuzenzela, noma ukuthengisa okungamasekeni. Konke lokho kufanele kudlale indima, kepha akunjalo.
- Awunaki umnotho wabamnyama. Futhi ucezu lolwazi olubalulekile ngoba, njengamanje, lubala ama-25% omnotho waseSpain, okuningana kakhulu kubhekwa ukuthi kungumnotho "ongaphakeme".
- Ayilinganisi inhlalakahle. Umdali we-GDP uqobo wamemezela ngo-1932 ukuthi inkomba yakhe inalesi sici esikhulu, ukuthi ibingakwazi ukunquma inhlalakahle yezwe elinaleyo mininingwane, yingakho-ke, lapho kukhulunywa ngokukhula komnotho, kubalulekile akhawunti ezinye izinkomba.
Izinhlobo ze-GDP
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi yini i-GDP, sekuyisikhathi sokufunda izinhlobo ezintathu ezikhona. Futhi kungukuthi uqobo i-GDP ingaba ngezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene: Okuzisholo, Okwangempela kanye nePer capita.
- I-GDP yokuqokwa yinani lemali, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngamanani amanje emakethe, wezimpahla nezinsizakalo zezwe elikhiqizwe phakathi nonyaka. Ngale ndlela, kuzokhombisa ushintsho olungaba khona ngokwenyuka kwamanani noma ukwehla.
- I-GDP yangempela yehlukile kweyedlule ngoba inani lemali elibhekwayo linamanani ahlala njalo.
- Ekugcineni, I-GDP ngomuntu ngamunye ihlobene nenani labantu. Ingachazwa njengomphumela wokuhlukanisa i-GDP ngenani labahlali izwe elinalo ngonyaka.
Ungayibala kanjani i-GDP
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele ulicabangele ukuthi iyini i-GDP ukuthi kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuyibala. Zonke zilungile, futhi kuzokunikeza inani eliqondile lokuthi izwe likuphi. Kepha zibalwa ngokuhlukile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezintathu ezisetshenzisiwe yilezi:
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Izindleko
Ngokuqondile, ifomula ithi:
I-GDP = C + I + G + X - M
Ubonwe kanjena, awazi lutho, angithi? Kushiwo hlanganisa zonke izindleko zabantu kanye nabasebenzi bezomnotho, kanye nokutshalwa kwemali, ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe; kepha kufanele ukhiphe ukungenisa ngaphakathi.
Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngesamba semali esetshenzisiwe sonke sabantu ezintweni nasezinsizakalweni ngesikhathi esithile, lapho kunezelwa ukwakhiwa kwemali eyinhloko kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Lonke leli nani lisuswa ngokungenisa ngaphakathi ukuthola i-GDP.
Indlela engenayo
Le fomula yaziwa njengendlela yokuthola imali ngale ndlela elandelayo:
I-GDP = RA + EBE + (izintela - imixhaso)
Ngayo, uzokwazi i- Isamba salokho izwe elikutholayo noma elikungenayo. Ngakho-ke, sithola ukuthi kufanele sengeze imali engenayo yabasebenzi (i-RA) kanye nensalela yokusebenza ephelele (i-EBE) lapho kufakwa khona umehluko phakathi kwentela noxhaso.
Indlela engezwe inani
Ifomula kanje:
I-GDP = GVA + izintela - uxhaso
Lapha, sinokuthi i-GVA yinani eliphelele elengezwe ezweni. Ngale ndlela, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo kuyangezwa, njalo kube izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwe ukuzenza.
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi ungacacelwa kakhudlwana ngokuthi iyini i-GDP nokuthi uyibala kanjani, kanye nezinhlobo nokusebenzisa enakho. Vele, kunemininingwane eminingi kanye neziqu, ezibaluleke kakhulu, okufanele zinakwe kulo mqondo, kepha njengokulinganisa kuzokunikeza umbono wokubaluleka kwalesi sikhombisi kumnotho nakwezwe.