Yini i-etf

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, into esike yathandwa kakhulu wukutshalwa kwemali, ngoba ngenxa yokulindelwa kwezomnotho kwabantu abaningi, ukuzama ukuthola imali ngezindlela ezingezona zokuthola umsebenzi owengeziwe yisihloko esidumile. Kepha ukuzama ukungena kuwo umhlaba wokutshala imali Singabona ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi, kusuka ekutshaleni imali yethu esikhwameni sokonga esinika inzalo yaminyaka yonke, kuya ekutshalweni kwezinsimbi eziyingozi ezinjengezisuswayo noma amasheya. Kepha phakathi kwebanga lonke kukhona okunye okungamangaza kulabo abasanda kuqala kulo mhlaba, kulokhu esizokhuluma ngakho Ama-ETF, ithuluzi elithandekayo elinamathuba amaningi.

Iyini i-ETF?

Ngaphambi kokungena encazelweni yokuthi iyi- ETF nokuthi iziphatha kanjani kubalulekile ukucaca ngamatemu amabili. Okokuqala yizimali zokutshala imaliLokhu kungumlamuli okhona phakathi komtshali-zimali nemakethe ofuna ukutshala kuyo imali. Ithemu lesibili okumele siliqonde lithi inkomba yesitoko, Ukwenza lula ukuqonda kwalokhu okulandelayo, sizothi yisilinganiso samanani wonke akha imakethe ethile; Kungashiwo ukuthi kuyindlela lapho imininingwane yazo zonke izingxenye zemakethe igxila emininingwaneni eyodwa.
Manje uma singaqala ukuqonda ukuthi yini i-ETF. Ukukhuluma ngokuqinile a I-ETF yiSikhwama Esishintshaniswa Ngotshintsho, futhi zichazwa njengesikhwama senkomba ethengiswayo, kepha yini lokhu? Izimali ze-Index zichazwa njengezikhwama zokutshala imali ezinemali engenayo eguquguqukayo, yingakho zizama ukuphindaphinda ukusebenza kwenkomba yesitoko. Ukuze siqonde kangcono, ake sazi okuncane ngomlando wayo.

El ukuqala kwe-ETFs Kubuyela emuva lapho kutholakala ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezimali zotshalo-mali ezihlukaniswe ngamasheya bezingenawo amandla okukwazi ukulingana nenzuzo leyo inkomba esebenza njengereferensi yayo. Ukwenza le ncazelo ibe lula ngesibonelo, sizosho okulandelayo: lapho umtshali-zimali enza isinqumo sokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, inzuzo ayezoyithola yayiyoba ncane kunaleyo IBEX 35.

Manje, lapho leli phuzu liqondakala, i isinqumo sokwakha isikhwama senkomba, okulula ukuyisebenzisela umtshalizimali noma umphathi. Isisekelo salokhu ukuthi umphathi ubengathenga amasheya afanayo akha inkomba, futhi nawo awathenga ngokulingana okufanayo. Ngale ndlela, akusenzi kuphela isenzo sokutshala imali, ngoba ulwazi olujulile ngemakethe yamasheya aludingeki, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinkampani. Kepha ngaphezu kokwenza lula inqubo, kunephuzu lentshisekelo enkulu, iqiniso lokuthi inzuzo enikezwa yinkomba isengatholakala.

Ngakho-ke uma sizama fingqa ukuthi yini i-ETF, singasho ukuthi iyi- i-hybrid phakathi kwenkomba ne-mutual fund. Le hybrid isebenza ngezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko, okokuqala, isebenza ukwenza lula inqubo yokutshala imali, okwesibili, ivumela umtshalizimali ukuthi azuze inzuzo enikezwa yinkomba, okwenza, uma kukhona inzuzo, kukhulu kunokumane utshale imali esikhwameni. Kodwa ingabe kunezinye izinzuzo? Impendulo ithi yebo, ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Izinzuzo ze-ETFs

Omunye wakhe izinzuzo ezivelele kakhulu ngukuthi amakhomishini abaphathi aphansi kakhulu kunalokho okungaba amakhomishini ezimali zokulingana, ngale ndlela hhayi kuphela ukuthi inzuzo inyuswa ngokulingana nenzuzo yenkomba, kodwa futhi, izindleko zokutshala imali ziyehliswa; ngaphandle kokungabaza kuyinzuzo enkulu kumtshali-zimali. Kepha lokhu akuyona ukuphela kwenjabulo yokugqamisa, ake sibone ukuthi yini enye i-ETF esinikeza yona.

Lapho sihlaziya i-ETF sakuqonda ukuthi, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, lesi sikhwama senkomba silandela kahle ukwakheka kwenkomba; futhi kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi ubungozi bokuthi umphathi enze iphutha ngenkathi ethatha isinqumo maqondana nokutshalwa kwemali kuncishiswa kakhulu; okuthi uma kungenzeka kwenzeke, kubeke inzuzo enikezwa yisikhwama engcupheni. Noma kunjalo, Ama-ETF nawo anezinye izinto ezingezansi okufanele sikunake lapho senza isinqumo sethu sokuthi sizoyibeka kuphi imali yethu.

Izinkinga ze-ETFs

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, kubalulekile ukubalula imininingwane engaheha abatshalizimali abaningi, futhi lokho wukuthi, yize lawa makhomishini ephansi kunalawo ezinye izimali zokutshala imali, asengamakhomishini aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo umtshalizimali uzokhokha ukuze abe nephothifoliyo yakhe yokutshala imali. Kepha ukubhekisisa phambili kuleli phuzu kumele sicacise ukuthi leli phuzu lisebenza esikhathini eside esizayo. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye kubalulekile ukucubungula ukutshalwa kwezimali kwethu kwesikhathi eside ngoba yize ikhomishini yonyaka ye-ETF ngokusobala yonyaka, kuyiphuzu elizochaza ngokuqinisekile inzuzo yokutshalwa kwemali kwethu kwesikhathi eside.

Elinye iphuzu okufanele ulibheke ukuthi ukusebenza kwalezi zimali zezinkomba ingancishiswa kakhulu yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi isilinganiso semali esiphoqelekile, okumele sigcinwe. Ngaphezu kokubheka ukuthi kunamakhomishini angabizwa ukuthi afihliwe, afana ncamashi nalawo alethwa kwezinye izimali zokutshala imali ezikhona.

Lapho amaphuzu angaphambili esecacisiwe, kubalulekile ukuthi sikubheke lokho, yize kufayela le- Umbono we-ETF Zadalwa zalingana nenzuzo yenkomba, empeleni akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke, ngoba njengoba lokhu kunokubi kukhona, inzuzo yethu yonke ayilingani naleyo enikezwa ngokutshala imali enkombeni ngqo. Kungakho-ke khumbula lokho okushiwo endimeni edlule, uhlaziye utshalomali lwethu esikhathini esizayo, ukuze ube nombono ocacile futhi osondele kakhudlwana wokuthi utshalomali lwethu luziphatha kanjani, futhi uma inzuzo isiyonke esiyinikezayo efiselekayo eyodwa.

Yini ububi besikhwama esilula, sesikhwama senkomba?

Umehluko omkhulu uyabonakala lapho uqhathanisa inzuzo esiyithola ku-a Inkomba yesitoko; Ukuze sithuthukise amakhono abafundi bethu sizonikeza izeluleko eziyisisekelo ukuze sikwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle. Ukuqhathanisa inzuzo kubalulekile, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma siyenza siyabona ukuthi izinkomba zemakethe yamasheya azibonisi ukuthi izinkampani kufanele zikhokhe izinzuzo; Lapho sesiliqonda leli phuzu, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi siphetha ngokuthi inzuzo yezimali uqobo iphansi kakhulu kunalokho engase ibonakale uma iqhathaniswa nenzuzo yotshalo-mali olwenziwe ngqo emakethe yamasheya.

Ukuziphatha kwe-ETF

I-ETF inenani lentengo; Lokhu kubalwa ngokususelwa kuzici njengenani lenkomba, amakhomishini okumele ambozwe, izabelo ezikhona, phakathi kwabanye. Kodwa-ke, le ntengo yemfundiso-mbono ayihlukile kakhulu kunentengo yangempela, kepha inomehluko ngendlela ebalwa ngayo; Lo mehluko omkhulu useqinisweni lokuthi intengo yangempela isuselwa ngqo ekuhlinzekweni nasekufunweni okukhona; iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu okufanele ulikhumbule.

Manje, maqondana nokuphela kwempahla ene-ETF, sikhuluma ngeqiniso eliqinisekiswe yizinhlangano ezizibophezele ekutheni zikwazi ukunikeza umehluko osendaweni thenga uthengise.

Ukuze siphethe ngempumelelo ngale ndatshana sizobeka isibonelo sendlela a Umphathi we-ETF esimweni sangempela. Uma kwenzeka intengo ye-ETF inyuswa ngaphezu kwenani lemfundiso ye-ETF eshiwo, umphathi kufanele athenge amasheya emakethe, ukuze kamuva akwazi ukudala izingxenye ze-ETF; isinyathelo esilandelayo kungaba ukuwathengisa ngesikhathi lapho amanani wangempela kanye nezethiyori alinganisiwe futhi.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ngabe Intengo yangempela ye-ETF e ingaphansi kwenani lemfundiso, umphathi kufanele athenge amasheya ku-ETF bese ekwazi ukubola, into elandelayo kungaba ukuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya, lokhu kuze kube amanani entengo kanye nawangempela alinganisiwe futhi.

Uma sesikuzwisisile konke lokhu okungenhla singasho ukuthi i-ETF iziphatha ngokuya ngenkomba, ukuze, uma uphawu lokuma kwe-ETF lukhula ngo-15%, i-ETF nayo izokwenyuka ngo-15%; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inkomba iwela ngenani ngo-9%, i-ETF nayo izokwehla ngo-9%. Yize noma kunale ndlela yokuziphatha inzuzo ayifani ngenxa yezici ezahlaziywa ngaphambilini.

Ezinye izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma ucabanga ngakho tshala imali kuma-ETFs, Ayikho ikhithi yokutshala imali, ngakho-ke kungenzeka noma ingabi yindlela enhle kakhulu yokutshala imali. Uma wena njengomtshali-zimali unalo lonke lolu lwazi, sekuyisikhathi sokwenza isinqumo sokuthi uzotshala imali yakho kuma-ETF noma cha.