Uma usuqale ukuthinta kancane isihloko semakethe yamasheya, uzokwazi ukuthi akwenziwa kuphela izinkampani ezithengisa amasheya azo. Cha, sinamathuba amaningi kanye nezinketho izimakethe ezisinika zona. Isibonelo salokhu ama-indices, athandwa kakhulu ngabantu abakhetha amasu okutshalwa kwezimali okungeyona ingozi futhi yesikhathi eside. Phakathi kwezinto ezidume kakhulu yilokhu okubizwa nge-DAX. Kodwa yini i-DAX?
Ukucacisa noma yimiphi imibuzo engase iphakame mayelana nale nkomba, Sizochaza kahle ukuthi iyini i-DAX, yiziphi izinkampani eziyenzayo nokuthi ibalwa kanjani. Ngakho-ke uma unentshisekelo kule nkomba yesiJalimane, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ukuze uyiqonde kangcono. Khumbula ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzazise kahle ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi umnyakazo emakethe yamasheya, ngoba ungalahlekelwa yimali eningi.
Iyini i-DAX yaseJalimane?
Sizoqala ngokuchaza ukuthi iyini i-DAX. Lawa ma-akhronimi ayisifinyezo sesiJalimane se-"Deutscher Aktienindex". Lihunyushwe lisho "I-German Stock Index" futhi lixhaswe yiqembu le-"Deutsche Börse", noma i-DB. Njengoba igama layo likhomba, Kuyinkomba ehlanganisa izinkampani ezinkulu ezingama-XNUMX ezisohlwini lwe-FWB (Frankfurt Stock Exchange), okungenye yezindawo eziyisikhombisa ezinkulu zokuhwebelana ngamasheya zaseJalimane. Kuze kube muva nje, ibiyaziwa ngokuthi i-DAX 30, ngoba ihlanganise izinkampani ezinkulu ezingama-30, nokho muva nje inyuswe yaba ngu-40, yingakho ibizwa nge-DAX 40 namuhla. Emhlabeni jikelele, ikleliswe endaweni yeshumi nambili. Mayelana nezinhlelo zayo, ngezinsuku zokuhweba ezisebenzayo ingatholakala kusukela ngehora lesishiyagalolunye ekuseni kuze kube ihora lesihlanu ntambama.
Kwakuyi-1988 lapho i-DAX yasungulwa ngenani eliyisisekelo le-1.163 ngaleso sikhathi. Ukusebenza kwale nkomba ngokuyisisekelo kuwukumelela noma ukubonakaliswa kwesimo esijwayelekile seFrankfurt Stock Exchange nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngaphambi kwe-DAX kwakungekho inkomba ejwayelekile yamasheya aseJalimane, into kuphela eyayikhona yizinhlu ezizimele ezaziphethwe abezindaba noma amabhange.
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwayo, le nkomba yaseJalimane ithole ukuthandwa kuze kube manje enye yezinkomba ezidayiswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Okunye okubude obufanayo kungaba, ngokwesibonelo, iDow Jones Industrial Average - DJIA (USA30-Wall Street), the FTSE (UK100) nezinye izinkomba ezifanayo.
Umuntu ophethe i-DAX
Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi i-DAX iyini, ake sibone ukuthi ubani ophethe le nkomba. Isibopho salezi zenzo zaseJalimane sisemaqenjini e-Deutsche Börse. Leli qembu aligcini nje ngokuphatha i-DAX, kodwa futhi lilawula i-Frankfurt Stock Exchange futhi lihlela izimakethe zokuhweba amasheya namasheya. Futhi, inakekela ezinye indices zaseJalimane ezibizwa nge-MDAX ne-SDAX. Ziyafana ne-DAX, eyokuqala kuphela eyakhiwe izinkampani eziphakathi nendawo kanti eyesibili yizinkampani ezincane.
Yiziphi izinkampani ezakha i-DAX?
Ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi iyini i-DAX, kubalulekile ukwazi kabanzi noma ngaphansi ukuthi yiziphi izinkampani ezifakiwe kuyo. Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, Le nkomba yakhiwe ingqikithi yezinkampani ezingama-XNUMX, ezinamandla kakhulu eJalimane. Futhi lokho kusho lukhulu, uma kubhekwa ukuthi leli zwe lingelinye lamazwe aqine ngokwezomnotho eYurophu. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi ziqhwaga zaseJalimane, ngokuqinisekile ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezizwakala zijwayelekile kithi:
- Adidas
- I-Airbus Group
- Allianz
- BASF
- Bayer
- I-Beiersdorf AG
- BMW ST
- Inkampani engu-Brenntag AG
- Izwekazi le-AU
- I-Covestro
- I-Daimler
- Deutsche Bank AG
- I-Deutsche Börse
- I-Delivery Hero
- Iposi laseJalimane
- I-Deutsche Telekom AG
- E. KU-SE
- Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha kweFresenius
- UFresenius SE
- I-Heidelbergcement
- Sawubona Okusha
- Henkel VZO
- I-infineon
- ILinde PLC
- Merck
- I-MTU Aero
- I-Munich RE
- Porsche
- I-Puma SE
- I-Qiagen
- Inkampani engu-RWE AG ST
- I-Sartorius AG VZO
- Siemens AG
- SAP
- INokia Energy AG
- Abakwa-Nokia Healthineers
- I-Symrise AG
- Volkswagen VZO
- I-Vonovia
- Zalando SE
Eziningi zalezi zinkampani ngezamazwe ngamazwe. Ukusebenza kwabo akuthintwa ngokuqondile umnotho waseJalimane kuphela, kodwa nomnotho womhlaba. Njengamanje, lezi zinkampani ezingamashumi amane ezakha inkomba ye-DAX yaseJalimane bamele u-80% wemali yemakethe yazo zonke izinkampani zaseJalimane ezihweba esidlangalaleni.
Ibalwa kanjani i-DAX?
Ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi iyini i-DAX, kungajabulisa nokwazi ukuthi ibalwa kanjani, akunjalo? Hhayi-ke, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngemali yemakethe entantayo mahhala. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Kahle yini izitoko kuphela ezitholakalayo ukuhwebelana ezifakiwe ekuthunyelweni yemali yemakethe yenkampani ngayinye.
Kusukela ngo-2006, iqembu leDeutsche Börse lisebenza isikhungo sokuhweba iXetra, okunquma amanani ale nkomba enkulu yesiJalimane. I-electronic ngokugcwele futhi i-latency ephansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela ngo-2017, i-Xetra isebenzisa izakhiwo zokuhweba ze-T7. Ngale ndlela inikeza ukutholakala nokuzinza okudingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuphatha imakethe enkulukazi yaseJalimane. Iphinde iphathwe yi-Frankfurt Stock Exchange futhi inabahlanganyeli abahwebayo abangekho ngaphansi kwama-200 abavela e-Hong Kond, e-United Arab Emirates nakwamanye amazwe angu-16 ahlukene aseYurophu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlelo lwe-Xetra alusebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi lushesha kakhulu. Bala intengo ye-DAX njalo ngomzuzwana, ngakho-ke le nkomba iphenduka inembe kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kulokhu, kusebenzisa kuphela amasheya antantayo mahhala noma ama-liquid alezo zinkampani afakwe kunkomba. Ngakho-ke, amasheya angatholakali ukuthi athengwe noma adayiswe emakethe awalokothi abalwe.
Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi mayelana nenkomba ye-DAX yaseJalimane, sesivele sinakho okwanele ukukwazi ukunquma ukuthi siyafuna yini ukubamba iqhaza kuyo noma uma kungcono ukuhlala ngaphandle. Nakuba lena kuyinkomba eqinile okwamanje, lokhu kungase kushintshe noma kungashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Noma ngabe kunjalo, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi namuhla ingenye yezinkomba ezisebenza kangcono futhi ukuthandwa kwayo kungaphezu kokuthethelelwa.