Umshuwalense wokutshala imali ngumkhiqizo wezezimali okuthi, noma ubizwa ngokuthi umshwalense, ufane kakhulu namamodeli asebhange ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo. Isakhiwo saso cishe siyafana, kepha ngomehluko lokho kukhiqiza inzuzo okuthi okwamanje inikele kakhulu kunaleyo etholakala kumadiphozithi ethemu yasebhange. Ngoba imayelana i-herramientas enzelwe ukuvikela imali yakho futhi inikeze nokusebenza eminyakeni edlule. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuthi utshale imali yesikhathi eside ukuthola imbuyiselo ephezulu.
Zenziwe njengemodeli yokonga engangena esikhundleni kusuka manje kwimikhiqizo yendabuko yezezimali ngokususelwa kumholo ohleliwe. Isibonelo, imali yesikhathi esimisiwe, amanothi ezethembiso zebhange futhi, kwezinye izimo, nakuma-akhawunti anemali ephezulu. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuze ubaqashe akudingeki uye ezinkampanini zebhange, kepha kunalokho bathengiswa yi izinkampani zomshwalense. Lokhu umehluko omkhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zokutshala imali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umshuwalense wokutshalwa kwezimali ungumkhiqizo kuzo zonke izimo onikela ngawo inzuzo engaguquki futhi kuqinisekisiwe njalo ngonyaka. Ayiphakeme kakhulu, kepha ikuvumela ukuthi udale isikhwama sokonga kancane kancane eminyakeni edlule. Ubizwa ngokuthi ngumshwalense wokutshala imali kepha waziwa nangokuthi ngumshuwalense wokonga ngoba isisekelo sawo ukukhulisa lesi sici esibalulekile somnotho wasekhaya ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe. Akuyona ifomethi ehambisanayo kodwa ungakhetha phakathi kwezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezikhiqizwe umshwalense waseSpain.
Umshuwalense wokutshala imali: kunjani?
Umshuwalense wokutshalwa kwezimali noma wokonga yizinqubomgomo lapho kuqinisekiswa khona ukubuyiselwa kwemali kufakwa esikhathini esiyisikhathi esinqunyiwe. Le mali yokuqala kanye nenzuzo etholakele ingatholwa ngesikhathi esifanele lapho lesi sikhathi sesikhathi siphela khona. Lapho zibonakala khona ngoba zivumela ukuthi ukwazi ukwenza iminikelo emisha kunhlokodolobha wokuqala kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi esimisiwe. Ngokuya ngokulondolozwa onakho kwi-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola kanye nezinga lokwamukelwa onalo ngalo mkhiqizo wezezimali.
Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele kusukela manje kuya phambili yileso esibhekise ku- intela. Ngalo mqondo, zinenzuzo enkulu kunezinye uma ziqondiswe esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ziyaguquguquka, ngoba ungakha isu lokonga noma isu lokutshala imali kunoma yisiphi isigaba sempilo yakho yangasese noma yomndeni. Ngamanye amagama, kungabonakala njengengxenye yokonga izingane, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi noma ukufeza izinhloso ezithile. Njengesibonelo, ukuhamba ngezimoto noma ukuhlela iholide elilandelayo lasehlobo.
Inikeza inzuzo
Kunoma ikuphi, okuthakazelisa kakhulu abasebenzisi okwamanje umholo abangawuthola kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Akuchazwa ngendlela yobumbano, kepha okuphambene nalokho kuzoya ngemodeli ekhethiwe futhi ikakhulukazi kumshuwalense ophethe ukuyimaketha kumakhasimende ayo. Akunandaba, imbuyiselo isiyonke ingasungulwa yomshuwalense wokutshala imali oba amabanga kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-5% cishe. Noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezezimali ngoba uzokwazi intshisekelo yakho ngasikhathi sinye ubhalise le mikhiqizo ehloselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali.
Kunomehluko ocashile maqondana nesikhathi semali ebhange futhi lokho kungukuthi kule mikhiqizo inzalo ingakwazi uyiqoqe unyaka nonyaka. Ngaphandle kokuthi ulinde usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ukuthi lufike nokuthi lungadala enye inkinga yokukhishwa kwemali ku-akhawunti yakho yokubheka. Lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo ezinhle ezihlinzekwa lolu hlobo lwe-atypical futhi ngasikhathi sinye umshwalense okhethekile. Kunoma ikuphi, ngenzuzo ethe xaxa kunemikhiqizo yasebhange futhi lokho kubenze bakhanga kakhulu kwinani elihle labasebenzisi. Ngoba ngaphezu kwalokho bahlala beqinisekisa iminikelo yemali eyenziwe kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Izinzuzo ekuqashweni kwakho
Vele, enye yezinzuzo zalo mshuwalense ukuthi, uma ugcina imali oyongile Ngesikhathi esiphansi esisungulwe ngokusemthethweni (iminyaka engu-5 kusuka eminikelweni yokuqala), izinzuzo ozitholayo zikhona ikhululiwe enteleni. Lesi yisici esithandeka kakhulu uma ufuna ukugcina imali ethe xaxa yokonga kusuka eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ngaphandle kokubheka inzuzo ekhiqizwa yile mikhiqizo yezezimali. Njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe umshwalense wempilo oxubile ngenhloso yokonga njengecebo lokwenza izimpahla zakho zenze inzuzo kusuka manje kuqhubeke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi imali eqinisekisiwe izoba, okungenani, i-85% yamaphrimiyamu anikelwe. Lapho kuzovama ukuvela onyakeni wesihlanu wotshalo-mali lapho usesimweni sokuya khona buyisela utshalomali olupheleleokungukuthi, i-100% yayo. Uma unombandela owodwa kuphela futhi lokho ukuthi uthobela imithetho yenkontileka, okulula kakhulu ukuyiphothula. Ngokuzikhawulela eminyakeni yakho yokuqasha ukuba phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-65 ubudala. Ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isikhathi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi komkhiqizo nezimakethe zezimali.
Ama-bailouts emshuwalense wokonga
Kungumkhiqizo ongasebenza kuwo ukuhlengwa okuqondile nokuyingxenye lapho udinga imali ethile ku-akhawunti yakho yokonga. Kepha ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kusebenza? Hhayi-ke, sizokuchazela yona ngendlela elula ukuze ukwazi ukuyiqonda kusukela manje. Kususelwa ohlelweni ongakhipha kulo imali ekuhlaleni kokuqala. Ngokuvamile ngemikhawulo ephezulu engu-15% phakathi neminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3 elandelayo bese kamuva yehlisele ku-1%. Kuyimodeli eguquguqukayo kulesi sici onganelisa ngayo isifiso sakho sokulindela izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho uzodinga imali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona neqiniso lokuthi ukubuyiselwa kwemali, ukuhlengwa noma i- ukubuya kusenesikhathi ingxenye noma yonke imali oyinhloko etshalisiwe ingaphansi kwamakhomishini noma izinhlawulo. Yize futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuyindlela yokutshala imali ehloselwe isikhathi eside sokuhlala unomphela. Akumangalisi ukuthi kuthathwa njengethuluzi lokwenza isikhwama sokonga esizinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungalokothi ube nezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu njengoba ngakolunye uhlangothi kungenzeka kumadiphozi asebhange amathemu. Lokhu ngomunye umehluko okufanele uwucabangele kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Amakhomishini ale mishuwalense
Akubalulekanga kangako ukwazi ukuthi le mikhiqizo yezezimali ibonakaliswa ngokuyisisekelo ngoba imali eqinisekisiwe ivuthwa kuphela futhi ukugqugquzela noma ukusetshenziswa kwelungelo lokuhlengwa kusho inhlawulo engadala ukulahleka. Ngaphandle kwalesi sigameko, umshuwalense wokonga noma wokutshala imali awunawo amakhomishini noma okunye izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni. Ngale ndlela, uzobe wonga imali eningi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amamodeli wezezimali lapho amanani afinyelela ku-3% acatshangelwa lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi futhi lokho kunganciphisa izinzuzo ongazithola kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Kulesi simo esivamile, umshwalense wokutshala imali ungaba kuzuzisa kakhulu ukuvikela izintshisekelo zakho, noma ngabe zingaziwa kakhulu kubasebenzisi baseSpain. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukuqashwa kwabo okwamanje kungaphansi kwalokhu okwenziwa ngabatshalizimali kumikhiqizo yakudala yasebhange ehlose ukonga nokutshala imali. Kuzoba yindaba yokuhlaziya zombili lezi zinhlobo ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi okufanele uyiqashe ngalesi sikhathi, kuya ngephrofayili oyivezayo.
Ngenzalo ekhulayo yonyaka
Okusha okuhlinzekwa ngumshuwalense wokutshalwa kwezimali ukuthi kwamanye amamodeli inzuzo ingakhuphuka. Lokhu ngokwenza kusho ukuthi bayahamba ukwanda unyaka nonyaka. Baqala kusuka kwinzalo yezobuchwepheshe eqinisekisiwe engaphezudlwana kwe-1% ngonyaka, okuyilokho ozokuthola ngesikhathi sokuqala. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, ikhula kancane kancane, yize ngaphandle kokuphambuka okukhulu kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ukuze ekugcineni uthole imbuyiselo engasondela kakhulu ku-3%, 4% noma ku-5%. Njengoba kwenzeka njengamanje ngamadiphozithi athile agcina lezi zikhathi ezifanayo zokuhweba.
Ekugcineni, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi le mikhiqizo yezezimali yenziwe njenge- enye indlela yangempela kumamodeli asebhange. Ngomzabalazo omkhulu wokubamba ukonga kwamakhasimende futhi lokho kuholela amabhizinisi abo akhipayo ukuthuthukisa okunikezwayo nokukhushulwa okukhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Lapho ekugcineni ungazuza ezimweni ezihamba phambili ekuqashweni kwakho. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe okunquma ukwakheka okwehlukile kwalo mkhiqizo wezezimali.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuzoba enye indlela okufanele wenze ngayo ukonga ngendlela ephephile nangembuyiselo emincane eminikelweni yakho yezezimali. Ngesikhathi intengo yemali isezingeni eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni, ku-0%. izinga elizodlula umlando.