Ibhange lotshalo-mali laseMelika i-JP Morgan lisanda kusika amanani ezinkampani zensimbi zase-Europe I-ArcelorMittal, i-Acerinox ne-Aperam, zonke zibhalwe emakethe yamasheya aseSpain. Endabeni ye-Acerinox, ukusika kufikile kumasheya abhalwe ku-Ibex 35, anqunywe ngo-10,2% kusuka ku-10,6 euros kuya ku-11,8 euros ngesabelo ngasinye. Lokhu kuyinikeza ukuphakama okungaba ngu-15% kusuka kuzintengo zayo zamanje. Kuluhlu lwamanani abeluthandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngezinye izindawo eziphakeme ezibekiwe ezizungeze amadijithi aphindwe kabili.
Kunoma ikuphi, konke kubonakala kukhombisa ukuthi ukulungiswa sekuseduze ngemuva kombiko womkhakha omusha wokuthi ibhange lotshalo-mali laseMelika i-JP Morgan lisungule. Endabeni ethile ye-ArcelorMottal, ukusika kwe- JP Morgan ukulinganiswa kwayo kungamasheya abhalwe ku-Euronext Amsterdam. Abahlaziyi basebhange lase-US banciphise inani lentengo ebabekiwe kusuka ku- € 36,5 kuya ku- € 26,5 ngesabelo ngasinye. Lokhu ukusika okujule kakhulu okungadlala ngokumelene nabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ababekwe kule nkampani embonini yensimbi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iKhomishini yaseYurophu ize yakukhomba ezinsukwini zokuqala zonyaka omusha ukuthi izobeka intela ka-25% ukungeniswa kwemikhakha engama-26 yemikhiqizo yensimbi evela emazweni wesithathu. Lesi ngesinye isici esingadlali esivuna izintshisekelo zebhizinisi zalezi zinkampani ezibalwe. Akusizi ngalutho, akunakuphikwa ukuthi ezinkambisweni ezilandelayo zemakethe yamasheya ukuwa okujulile kungavela ezinkampanini zabo. Ngalo mqondo, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi lezi zinkampani zingamasheya ajikelezayo.
Izinkampani zensimbi: amanani ajikelezayo
Njengoba le kuyizindlela zebhizinisi ezijikelezayo, zizwela kakhulu kuzinguquko kumjikelezo wezomnotho. Lokhu kusebenza kusho ukuthi kufayela le- izinkathi zokwanda komnotho zisebenza kangcono ezimakethe zezimali kunezinye imikhakha zamasheya. Kepha kunalokho, imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu ngezikhathi zokwehla komnotho. Ngalesi sizathu, ukufika komnotho omusha ezweni lomhlaba ngokungangabazeki kuzosho ukwehla kwentengo okunamandla kakhulu. Ngokuqina okungafinyelela kumaconsi azungeze ama-20% noma ama-30%, njengoba kwenzekile eminyakeni eyedlule.
Ngenkathi ngokuphambene nalokho, kungakhohlwa ukuthi noma iyiphi ukuwohloka komnotho I-International izoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kuleli banga lezinkampani. Kukonke nangaphandle kwanoma iluphi uhlobo lwemikhawulo. Lesi yisimo esingavela ekunciphiseni komnotho futhi lapho abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kufanele banake kakhulu. Ngamehlo okungena noma okuphuma ezimakethe zezimali, ngokuya ngesimo esisha samazwe omhlaba esivelayo. Ukusebenzisa isu elilodwa noma elinye lokutshala imali ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa.
Indawo engathandeki kubakhi bensimbi
Ngalesi simo esejwayelekile, ukuqagela kwezinhlangano zamazwe akuhambisani kakhulu nezinkampani zensimbi jikelele. Ngalo mqondo, amaphrojekthi we-IMF a izinga lokukhula lika-3,5% emhlabeni wonke ngo-2019 no-3,6% wango-2020. Bangamaphesenti angu-0,2 no-0,1, ngokulandelana, ngaphansi kwesibikezelo sabo sakamuva ngo-Okthoba, okwenza kube ukubukezwa kwesibili kwehle ezinyangeni ezintathu.
Le mininingwane ingalimaza zonke izinkampani ezikulo mkhakha njengoba amanani azo elungiswa ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngemuva kokukhulisa i- phezulu lokho sekuthathe iminyaka eminingi. Ngakho-ke, akusona isikhathi esihle kakhulu ukubekwa kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinkampani ezibalulwe ezincike kumjikelezo wezomnotho. Kukhona ezinye izinketho ezingaba nenzuzo enkulu kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile. Isibonelo, amanani wephrofayili elondolozeka kakhulu njengokugcina izintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Ukukhishwa kwebond
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zensimbi zinikela ngezinye izinhlelo zokutshala imali ngokusebenzisa izimakethe ezingenayo ezingaguquguquki. Leli yicala elithile le-ArcelorMittal, elisanda kumemezela ukukhishwa kwamabhondi ngenzalo emisiwe engu-2,250% ngenani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-750 ngaphakathi kohlaka lohlelo lwayo lwe-EMTN ngenani lama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-10.000. Ukuvalwa kodaba kwenzeke namuhla. Amabhondi akhishwe ngaphansi kohlelo luka-ArcelorMittal's € 10.000 billion Euro-denominated Medium-Term Bond Programme (EMTM Programme), okuhloswe ngalo kubatshalizimali bezikhungo.
Komunye umqondo, futhi maqondana nezindaba ezikhiqizwe kule nkampani efakwe kuhlu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ibambe iqhaza njengeqhaza ekuthuthukiseni i-ResponsibleSteel nasekuzibophezeleni kulolu hlelo olukhuthazwa yizinhlangano ezivela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene Inhloso yokwakha uhlaka lokuqala lwesitifiketi somkhakha wensimbi.
Intuthuko ekukhuleni kwayo
I-ResponsibleSteel yasungulwa ngonyaka we-2015 njengenhlangano engenzi nzuzo ngenhloso yokuqhakambisa ikusasa elibhekele kangcono i- umkhakha wensimbi. Le nhloso izofezeka ngokwakhiwa kohlelo lokuqala lokunikezwa kwezitifiketi emhlabeni wonke, kanye namazinga ahambisana nakho, kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lomkhakha wensimbi, kusukela emisebenzini yezimayini kanye nasezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza kuya ekumaketheni nasekusabalalisweni kwemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe.
Izindinganiso zezitifiketi zizohlanganisa lezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuguquka Kwesimo Sezulu Nokukhishwa Kwegesi Engcolisa Ubushushu.
- Ukuphathwa Ngokubhekelekayo Kwezamanzi Nezinto Eziphilayo.
- Amalungelo Abantu Nomthetho Wezabasebenzi.
- Imiphakathi yasendaweni nobuqotho bebhizinisi.
Imiphumela ye-Acerinox
Mayelana nenye inkampani enkulu yensimbi efakwe ohlwini lwezimali zezwe lethu, imiphumela yakamuva yebhizinisi ithanda abatshalizimali. Ngalo mqondo, i-Acerinox ithola Ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-221 wenzuzo, ngemuva kwentela nokuncane, phakathi nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala zika-2018. Imiphumela iphakeme ngama-40,5% kunaleso sesikhathi esifanayo sika-2017, lapho inkampani yabhalisa khona ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-157.
Ngakho-ke iqembu lifinyelela imiphumela yalo emihle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka futhi liyalinyusa inzuzo efinyelela ezigidini ezingama-3.872 zama-euro, 10,3% ngaphezulu kunangesikhathi esifanayo sika-2017. I-EBITDA yalezi zinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala zonyaka yayingu-14,1% ngaphezulu kunaleyo yekota yokuqala yokuqala yonyaka odlule, yafinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-422 uma kuqhathaniswa nama-370 angaleso sikhathi. Ikota yesithathu yonyaka ka-2018 ivaliwe ngenzuzo engama-83 million euros (4% ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-80 ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule) iphindaphindwa ngo-13 imiphumela yesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka ka-2017. Le miphumela ingenxa yesimo esihle se- funa insimbi engagqwali ezimakethe ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi e-United States.
Eminye imigqa yebhizinisi
Ngokuphathelene imikhiqizo, phakathi kukaJanuwari noSepthemba kunokukhuphuka kuka-1,9% ezintweni zensimbi kanye no-5,7% ekubunjweni okubandayo, kanye nokwehla okuncane okungu-0,5% kokugoqa okushisayo, njalo maqondana nezinyanga ezifanayo zika-2017. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okokugcina UMashi uqale isigaba sokuhlola somugqa omusha we-AP-5 annealing and pickling we-Acerinox Europa (Campo de Gibraltar, Spain), iqembu elinesistimu yezobuchwepheshe esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu nezinga lokuncintisana elizokhiqiza amazinga amasha ekhwalithi, ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko nomthelela kwezemvelo.
Ukuqala kolayini abasha kukhombisa ukugculiseka okukhulu. Ngalo mugqa omusha, i-Acerinox Europa inikeza ubukhulu obukhulu (obunobubanzi obungu-1.500 mm) kumakhasimende ayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise uhla lwemikhiqizo yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nezinyanga zika-Agasti noSepthemba, ulayini we-AP-3 wokuhlanganisa nokuchofoza, nawo ovela ku-Acerinox Europa, wavuselelwa ngokuphelele ukuze ugxile kosayizi obukhulu, wagcwalisa i-AP-5 eyedlule futhi wayinikeza uhlelo lokuqoqa evumela ukuthi kutholakale izinga lekhwalithi elifana nalelo lolayini omusha.
Ukwanda kwesahlukaniso
I-Acerinox, SA Board of Directors, ebibanjwe izolo, ithathe isinqumo sokuphakamisa ukuthi umhlangano olandelayo weNkampani wabaninimasheya ukwanda kwemali engu-11%. izosuka ku-0,45 iye ku-0,50 euros isabelo ngasinye. Ngenhloso efanayo yokukhuphula amaholo ngesabelo ngasinye, iBhodi labaQondisi izophakamisa ukuthi kwehliswe inani lamasheya akhishwe eminyakeni emine (2013-2016) lapho isabelo sakhokhelwa ngedividendi eguquguqukayo noma i-scrip dividend. Kuze kube manje, liphinde lagunyaza uHlelo Lokuqala Lokuthenga Ngokuhlanganyela ukuze lusetshenziswe ngokulandelayo.
Kulokho okwenza enye yezikhuthazo ezenziwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukuthatha izikhundla ezinkampanini ezikulo mkhakha ngokunikezwa inzuzo yalowo mholo kubaninamasheya. Lokhu kuyinikeza ukuphakama okungaba ngu-15% kusuka kuzintengo zayo zamanje. Kuluhlu lwamanani abeluthandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngezinye izindawo eziphakeme ezibekiwe ezizungeze amadijithi aphindwe kabili.