Abantu abaningi bake bacabange ukudala i-Limited Company, noma i-SL, kepha abazi ukuthi baqale kuphi. Izinqubo zalokhu zibandakanya uchungechunge lwezidingo nezinyathelo ezingaba nzima kakhulu uma singazi ngendaba. Lokhu kubandakanya ukufaka izicelo nokunikezwa kwezitifiketi ezahlukene nokubhaliswa ekuphathweni kwentela. Ukukusiza kancane ngalesi sihloko, sizochaza kule ndatshana ukuthi ungayakha kanjani Inkampani Enomkhawulo.
Uma inhloso yakho ukwenza i-SL noma ukumane uzazise ngalolu daba, usendaweni efanele. Sizochaza izidingo ezidingekayo, ukuthi singayakha kanjani i-Limited Company igxathu negxathu, kubiza malini nokuthi ngubani ongakha iSL.
Ngabe ubudala kanjani ubambiswano obunqunyelwe?
Ngaphambi kokuthi wazi ukuthi ungayakha kanjani ifayili le- ISociedad Limitada, Kunezidingo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele sihlangabezane nazo. Uma siphuthelwa eyodwa, kufanele siyithole ukuze siqale inqubo. Zizonke ezine:
- Isitifiketi Esingesihle Segama Lenkampani: Yisitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukubekwa kwehlelo olifunayo. Kumele icacise ukutholakala kwehlelo ukuze lisetshenziswe kwiNkampani entsha Enomkhawulo. Ukucela lo mbhalo kumele siye kwiCentral Mercantile Registry.
- Imali yezenhlalakahle: Ukuze sakhe iNkampani Enomkhawulo kufanele okungenani sibe ne- € 3000 njengenhloko-mali eyabiwayo. Lesi samba singenziwa ngemali, ifenisha, ingcebo noma ezinye izimpahla namalungelo angahlolwa ezingeni lezomnotho, kepha kumele angabi yimali.
- Vula i-akhawunti yasebhange: Ozakwethu kumele bavule i-akhawunti yasebhange ngemali eyinhloko. Ngalokhu bangacela idokhumenti ukufakazela ukwakheka kwe-SL. Imvamisa bacela imfuneko yokuqala, okungaba yiSitifiketi Esingesihle Senkolo Yezenhlalo noma i-CIF abanayo okwesikhashana. Ngesikhathi sokunikezwa kwetayitela okubandakanya ukufakwa kweNkampani Enqunyelwe, isitifiketi sediphozithi kufanele sinikezwe futhi. Lesi sakamuva sikhishwa yibhange lapho kwenziwa khona inqubo.
- Iba ne-DNI noma i-NIE: Bobabili abaphathi kanye nabalingani beNkampani Enqunyelwe kumele babe nenombolo ye-NIE noma ye-DNI. Uma kwenzeka kungumuntu osemthethweni, kumele babe ne-NIF.
Lapho nje sesihlolile ukuthi sihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, sizobona ukuthi singayakha kanjani i-Limited Company. Ngalokhu kufanele silandele izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye, ezinye zazo esezivele zifakiwe kuzimfuneko ezibalulwe ngenhla.
Isinyathelo 1: Cela igama lenkampani
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukucela igama lenkampani. Ngayo senza isiqiniseko sokuthi igama esilikhethele i-SL yethu belingakaze lisetshenziswe ngomunye. Kufanele kufakwe amagama ahlukile kule nqubo ukuze kube nezinketho eziningi. Ngale ndlela, uma inketho yethu yokuqala isivele isetshenziswa, igama lesibili lithatha indawo yalo, njalo njalo kuze kutholakale elilodwa. Singayenza kuphi le nqubo? Kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Mercantile Registry online.
Uma lesi sinyathelo sesenziwe, idokhumende esizolithola yiNegative Certificate of Social Denomination. Leli phepha liqinisekisa ukuthi igama lizobekelwa umfakisicelo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo. Ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala ngemuva kokukhishwa kwalesi sitifiketi, umfakisicelo kufanele abhalise idokhumenti ngaphambi kwe-Notary Public ukuze ingalahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo. Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sikhathi sidlulile ngaphandle kokubhalisa, iSitifiketi Esingesihle Senkolo Yezenhlalo sizolahlekelwa ukusebenza kwaso. Okusho ukuthi: Igama leNkampani Enqunyelwe ngeke lisabekelwa.
Isinyathelo 2: Vula i-akhawunti yasebhange ye-SL
Okwesibili, kufanele sivule i-akhawunti yasebhange yeNkampani Enqunyelwe, kunoma yiliphi ibhange. Ngalokhu bazocela iSitifiketi Esingesihle Senkolo Yezenhlalo, esizoba naso vele. Inani eliphansi elizofakwa ngu- € 3000. Ngakho-ke, ibhizinisi lingakhipha esinye isitifiketi esizosidinga: leso semali engenayo. Lapho sesithole lo mbhalo, sizokwazi ukuqedela inqubo ngaphambi kwe-Notary Public. Ngemuva kwalokho singaqhubeka nezinqubo zokwenziwa kwe-SL.
Isinyathelo 3: Bhala imithetho yedolobha
Yini imithetho yedolobha? Kungumqulu ukuthi Iqukethe ukusebenza kwangaphakathi, imithethonqubo kanye nokwakheka kweNkampani Enomkhawulo. Kumele ifakwe kubhaliso lomphakathi lomthethosisekelo wenhlangano yebhizinisi.
phakathi imininingwane okumele ngabe iMithetho yedolobha yenkampani kufanele ibe nayo amaphuzu alandelayo ayatholakala:
- Ukuhlonza isimo se Inkampani Ekhokhelwa Izikweletu.
- Igama Lenkampani.
- Ihhovisi elibhalisiwe endaweni yaseSpain.
- Inhloso yebhizinisi nemisebenzi eyenzayo.
- Yabelana ngemali eyinhloko kanye namasheya lapho ihlukaniswe khona.
- Izinombolo kanye neveineral value yesabelo ngasinye.
- Usuku lokuvala lomsebenzi ngamunye.
- Uhlelo lokuphatha lweNkampani Enomkhawulo.
Kukhona okunye okushiwo okuyimpoqo ngaphandle kwalezo osekuvele kushiwo. Yini enye, Ukucaciswa okuningi kungangezwa uma abalingani befisa kanjalo, inqobo nje uma zihambisana nemigomo emisiwe yohlobo lomphakathi kanye nemikhuba yenkampani.
Isinyathelo 4: Hlela ngokusemthethweni itayitela lomphakathi lokufakwa kwe-SL
Isinyathelo sesine bonke abalingani okufanele basithathe sithi iya ehhovisi lommeli wommeli wezaziso ukuze wenze iTayitela loMthethosisekelo libe eleNkampani Enqunyelwe bese usayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele baphathe isitifiketi sebhange kumnikelo wesitoko sezimali kanye neSitifiketi Senkolo. Futhi akufanele sikhohlwe ukuhlinzeka ngeminye imibhalo ebalulekile, njengeMithetho kaMasipala kanye ne-ID yomunye wabalingani. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi omunye wabo kungowesinye isizwe, kufanele aveze, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isimemezelo sokutshalwa kwezimali phesheya.
Isinyathelo 5: Thola i-NIF ye-SL
Ngemuva kokusayina itayitela Kumele siye Ekwenziweni ukuze basinikeze i- I-NIF okwesikhashana, amakhadi wokuhlonza kanye namalebula. Ngalokhu kufanele sethule ikhophi ye-DNI yomlingani ozosayina kanye nekhophi yekhophi yetayitela lokufakwa kwe-SL. Uma le nqubo isiqediwe, sizothola i-NIF yesikhashana ukusebenza kwayo okuyizinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi kuzofanele siyishintshe ibe yi-NIF yokugcina.
Isinyathelo 6: Bhalisela Intela Yemisebenzi Yezomnotho
Lapho sesinayo i-NIF yesikhashana, isinyathelo esilandelayo uku iya kwa-Agency Agency ukuze ubhalise ne-IAE (Intela Yemisebenzi Yezomnotho). Ngale nqubo, ukukwazisa ngokuqala kwemisebenzi yeNkampani Enqunyelwe.
Isinyathelo 7: Memezela i-VAT noma ukubalwa kwabantu
Yize zonke izinyathelo zibaluleke impela, inombolo eyisikhombisa iphoqelekile ngokuphelele. NjengeNkampani Enomkhawulo kufanele sibhalise Kubalo Lwama-Entrepreneurs, Professionals and Retainers. Ngalokhu kufanele sigcwalise iFomu 036. Singayithinta kwiwebhusayithi ye-Tax Agency uqobo.
Isinyathelo 8: Bhalisa kwiMercantile Registry yesifundazwe
Kuyeza cishe ekugcineni Ozakwethu be-SL kufanele babhalise kwiRegistant Registry yesifundazwe, okungukuthi, kwiMercantile Registry yesifundazwe lapho banehhovisi labo elibhalisiwe. Ukuze benze le nqubo, kufanele bethule ikhophi ye-NIF yesikhashana kanye nekhophi eligunyaziwe yetayitela lokufakwa kwenkampani.
Isinyathelo 9: Thola i-NIF yokugcina
Ekugcineni, i-NIF yokugcina isazotholakala. Ngemuva kokubhaliswa komthethosisekelo we-SL, kufanele sibuyele emuva kuMgcinimafa ukushintsha i-NIF yesikhashana yaleyo echazayo.
Kubiza malini ukudala iNkampani Enomkhawulo?
Phakathi kokungabaza okuvamile abantu abanakho lapho besungula inkampani izindleko ezingahle zibangelwe yile phrojekthi. Kepha akulula ukusungula intengo engahambisana nalo msebenzi, ngoba zombili izinqubo ezidingekayo kanye nezindlela ezingenzeka ziningi. Kodwa-ke, uma kungenzeka ukwenza isilinganiso esibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sazi ukuthi sehlukaniswa kanjani phakathi kwezindleko noma izindleko zokwenza inkampani nalokho okufanele sikutshalile ekuqaleni. Okokugcina kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenkampani nomkhakha.
Ngokuphathelene nokwenziwa kweNkampani Enomkhawulo, izindleko eziphansi ezizoba nazo cishe zingama- € 300, kepha zingafinyelela ku- € 900. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sizungeze ama- € 600 ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi kufanele okungenani sibe ne- € 3000 etholakalayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kwe-SL.
Ngubani ongakha Inkampani Enomkhawulo?
Manje sesiyazi izidingo ezidingekayo zokwakha iNkampani Enomkhawulo, izinyathelo okufanele sizilandele nokuthi kungasibiza ini. Kepha ngubani ongakha i-SL? Ngemuva kwalokho noma yimuphi umuntu noma iqembu labantu abafuna ukunikeza ubuntu obusemthethweni kumqondo webhizinisi labo futhi ngaleyo ndlela basungule inkampani esemthethweni. Lapho kunomlingani oyedwa kuphela, inkampani ibizwa ngeSociedad Limitada Unipersonal (SLU). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho yakhiwa ngabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu, iba yi-SL ejwayelekile noma Inkampani Enomkhawulo. Kumele futhi kwaziwe ukuthi i-SL ingaba namasheya ahambelana nenye i-Limited Company futhi isebenze njengomphathi wenkampani.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana ikusizile ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ungayakha kanjani i-Limited Company futhi ucacise ukungabaza kwakho ngayo.