Akungabazeki ukuthi isitatimende salesi sihloko singenye yezinhloso zengxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngesikhathi lapho imikhiqizo ehlukene yemali engenayo ingadluli ku-1% kwimbuyiselo abayinikezayo kokonga. Njengomphumela wentengo eshibhile yemali ngu I-European Central Bank (BCE) futhi lokho kuye kwenziwa kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yaleli shumi leminyaka. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi inzalo isemazingeni aphansi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva futhi kunoma ikuphi ekumeni kwaphansi.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimakethe zamasheya zingahambi ngezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zazo. Ubhekene nokungaqiniseki ukuthambekela kwezimakethe zezimali nokuholele enkombeni ekhethiwe yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, 13 kwehlisiwe ngonyaka odlule. Ngamamajini amabi afanayo nakwezinye izimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke. Ngokwesaba okusobala kohlangothi lwabatshalizimali ukuthi bangalahlekelwa yingxenye yemali etshalwe kulolu hlobo lokusebenza.
Ebhekene nalesi simo esejwayelekile, enye yezinhloso zanoma yimuphi umtshalizimali omncane naphakathi uhlala ekuqinisekiseni i ukusebenza okungaguquki futhi okuqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke. Ngokuqinisekile akulona isu elilula ukusebenzisa, kepha sizowenza lula lo msebenzi ngochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ehlangabezana nale mfuneko. Lokho wukuthi, thola okungenani u-3% wemali oyongile ukuze uye ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola. Noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zamasheya ngisho nalezo ezihleliwe. Kuzoba ngenye yezindlela ongazisebenzisa kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Ukonga kuncike emananini
Ngaphambi kokukunikeza uchungechunge lwemibono yokwenza lolu hlelo oluyingqayizivele lokutshala imali, kuzodingeka ukuthi wazi ukuthi lesi senzo sihlobene ngokusobala nokwenyuka kwezindleko empilweni. Ngalo mqondo, inani lokwehluka lonyaka le-CPI ngenyanga kaJanuwari kungu-1,0%, izilinganiso ezimbili kwezishumi kunalezo ezibhaliswe ngenyanga edlule, ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE). Lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukuthi isilinganiso sonyaka sokwehla kwamandla emali okuyisisekelo kwehla ngeshumi elilodwa, laya ku-0,8%.
Ngenkathi kuphambana, ukwahluka kwanyanga zonke kwenkomba ejwayelekile kulesi sikhathi esihlaziyiwe kungu -1,3%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- Inkomba Yamanani Abathengi Ehlanganisiwe (IPCA) ibeka izinga lonyaka ku-1,0%, okungaphansi kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezishumi uma kuqhathaniswa noDisemba wangonyaka odlule. Ngale mininingwane, kungashiwo ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali eSpain kungalawulwa kakhulu, kufanele kubhekwe ukuhlela lolu hlelo lokutshala imali esizoluphakamisa kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ngenhloso enkulu yokuthi amandla akho okuthenga ahlale engaguquki nembuyiselo oyithola ngale mikhiqizo yezezimali esizoyiphakamisa.
Izabelo ezingaphezu kwe-3%
Le kuzoba yindlela elula yokufeza leli su elikhetheke kakhulu. Futhi unenzuzo enkulu yokuthi ngeke ube nezinkinga ezinkulu ukufeza le nhloso oyifunayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi iningi lezinkampani ezibalulwe ezisabalalisa izinzuzo kubaninimasheya abo zidlula lezi zimingcele zokulamula. Kwezinye izimo kusondelene kakhulu ne- amazinga asethwe ku-10%. Njengasesimweni esithile seziteshi ezimbili zikamabonakude zikazwelonke, i-Atresmedia neMediaset. Umholo ozowuthola noma ngabe kwenzakalani ezimakethe zezimali.
Ngenkathi ngokuphambene nalokho, lezi zinzuzo zizokusiza ukuthi wakhe isikhwama sokonga esizinzile eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Ngokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kunalokho okunikezwa yimikhiqizo yasebhange eyinhloko. Phakathi kokuvelele imali yesikhathi esinqunyiwe, amanothi wesethembiso ezinkampani noma ama-akhawunti akhokha kakhulu. Kuzo zonke izimo, kuyaqabukela bakunikeze okungaphezu kwe-1% kulezi zikhathi eziqondile ngezizathu ezivezwe ngaphambilini kule ndatshana. Lesi yisizathu esingaphezulu kokusobala sokukhetha izinzuzo njengefomula yokwandisa izimpahla zakho siqu noma zomndeni, okungukuthi, ngemuva kwakho konke, imayelana nani.
Izimali eziqinisekisiwe
Lo mkhiqizo wezezimali ungakunikeza phakathi kuka-3% no-5% ngokukhokhelwa kokulondolozwa okugcinwe ngale ndlela yokonga. Izimali zokutshala imali eziqinisekisiwe, njengoba igama lazo libonisa, lezo eziqinisekisa, ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye, izimali ezitshaliwe, kanye nembuyiselo emaphakathi emaphakathi esungulwe isikhathi esithile. Kepha hhayi ngamamajini anomusa kakhulu kunalawo abekwe ku-5%. Futhi ngaphandle kwengozi yemali yakho ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zalo mkhiqizo obalulekile ohlose ukutshalwa kwezimali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukhetha leli su lokutshala imali, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu esikhwameni sokutshala imali osikhetha kulezi zikhathi eziqondile. Ngesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu, futhi lokho ukuthi kunezimali eziqinisekisiwe ukuthi hhayi ngisho u-1,50% maqondana nenzalo eya kwi-akhawunti yakho yokonga. Ngakho-ke, ngeke ube nokhetho ngaphandle kokukhetha ngokwengeziwe kunanini ngaphambili kuleli banga lemikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngoba awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwabo kwehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yesimo sangempela sezimakethe zezezimali, zombili zixhunyaniswe nezimali kanye nemali engenayo engaguquki.
Imali ekhangiswayo nge-5%
Yize kubonakala kukuhle kuwe okwamanje ungabhalisela i- intela yasebhange yalezi zici. Kepha ngaphansi kwezidingo ezikhetheke kakhulu nokuthi kufanele unake kusuka manje. Ngoba empeleni, lesi sigaba semali yesikhathi esizofakwa kuzoncika kudebhithi eqondile yomholo noma imali engenayo ejwayelekile esimweni sabasebenzi abaziqashile nge-akhawunti yalolu hlobo ebhange emaketha lo mkhiqizo oyingqayizivele. Kuziphakamiso ezinhle kakhulu zezezimali, bakunikeza kuze kufike ku-5%. Ngokukhokha okungaguquguquki futhi okuqinisekisiwe njalo ngonyaka.
Kepha akulona lonke igolide elicwebezela ngama-5% wediphozi wokuphromotha. Ngoba basebenza kuphela isikhathi esilinganiselwe kakhulu, cishe izinyanga ezi-3 noma ezi-6. Futhi ngesigaba sokonga nakho kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Ngoba ngeke ukwazi ukukhokhela inani elikhulu lemali, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho, bazofinyelela kuphela kuma-10.000 noma ama-euro ayi-15.000 kumnikazi ngamunye kanye nediphozi. Kepha okungenani kuzokusiza ukuthi unqobe amamaki wamanani wenzalo ebuthakathaka ongawathola ngalesi sikhathi.
Izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ze-Equity
Enye indlela onayo okwamanje yokudlula u-3% ngonyaka ngezimali zokutshala imali okulingana ehambisa izinzuzo phakathi kwabaninizo. Ngaleli elinye isu uzokwazi ukuthola kufika ku-6% minyaka yonke. Ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni izikhundla zakho ngakho-ke futhi ungakha isikhwama sokonga esizinzile kusuka manje kuqhubeke. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe kulo mkhiqizo wezezimali. Ungakhohlwa ngoba lo mbono wokutshala imali ungasiza kakhulu ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yakho njengomtshali-zimali omncane naphakathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukukhohlwa lokho kusukela unyaka 2016 Izabelo zamasheya nezabelo zezimali zinentela efanayo. Ngakho-ke kungaba ukusebenza okuzuzisa kakhulu izintshisekelo zakho kuyo yonke imibono. Njengoba kungokuthile okufunwa abatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi njalo. Lokho wukuthi, banezinzuzo ezithile ngokuphathwa kwabo kwentela okuhambisanayo. Okuyindlela futhi yokwenza ukonga kwakho siqu kube nenzuzo. Futhi ngale ndlela ingakunika injabulo engaphezu kweyodwa kulezi zikhathi eziqondile.
Igoli lifeziwe
Njengoba ubonile, yonke into inesixazululo neqiniso lokuthi ungathola imbuyiselo kulondolozo lwakho lwe okungenani 3% ngendlela ehleliwe futhi eqinisekisiwe njalo ngonyaka. Ukuphela kokufanele ukwenze ukukhetha imodeli evumelana kahle nephrofayili yakho njengomtshali-zimali omncane naphakathi futhi ujabulele lesi sivuno uma siphelelwa isikhathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi le ngenye yezinjongo zakho oyifisa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi engazinzile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lotshalo-mali.
Njengaseqinisweni elithile lokuthi iqiniso lokuthi isikhwama singasabalalisa izabelo kungukuheha okubalulekile kwabahlanganyeli abathile. Yize kungahle kungabi okwabanye abaningi futhi lapho nawe uqobo kuzodingeka uthathe isinqumo kusuka manje kuqhubeke. Ukuze ube nesilinganiso senzalo esingaphezulu kuka-3% ekupheleni konyaka, okuyisitatimende esikule ndatshana esibhekiswe kubatshalizimali abathengisa. Ngeziphakamiso eziningi kakhulu kunalokho obukucabanga kusukela ekuqaleni. Ingabe uyavumelana nalezi zindlela zokuqala? Akumangalisi ukuthi le ngenye yezinjongo zakho oyifisa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi engazinzile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lotshalo-mali. Futhi okumele kubhekiswe kuye zonke izinhlobo zamasu obudlelwano nemali.