Umsebenzi womkhakha wezezakhiwo ngonyaka we-2019 ngokungangabazeki uzomakwa ngokudonswa kwempahla ebanjiswayo eqala ukubonakala okwamanje. Ngokuya nge- ukukhokhiswa kwemali ngaphezulu nokulawulwa kwezindlu eziqashisayo. Zizoba yizici ezifanele kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi futhi yini isikhathi esihle sokutshala imali ekuphepheni komkhakha wezitini wendabuko emalini yaseSpain. Kuzozivocavoca okuzothuthukiswa ngokungabaza okuningi ngenxa yezimo ezithile emnothweni jikelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo okukhethekile, akunakukhohlwa ukuthi ukwehla komnotho waseSpain, okuqinisekiswe yi-European Central Bank (ECB), kususa ngandlela thile ibhamuza elisha, kulokhu kuba izindlu nomhlaba. Lesi yisimo esidala ukungabaza okukhulu phakathi kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe kumanani esitokwe amele lo mkhakha obalulekile wezomnotho waseSpain.
Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele futhi sithonye nezinye izinto ezizosinika isignali eyinqaba yokuthi ukuhamba kwe imisebenzi yezindawo zokuhlala. Kwenziwa ngamasu ahlukahlukene nokusukela ekuthengiseni nasekuthengiseni amasheya kwizibambiso zalo mkhakha obalulekile wezimali zaseSpain kuya ekutshalweni kwezitini. Lokho wukuthi, ukuthenga amafulethi ngenhloso yokwenza kube nenzuzo ngesikhathi esifushane, esikhathini esifushane. Ngaphandle kokuyeka ezinye izindlela zokutshala imali kule mpahla yezezimali ethandwa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Umkhakha wezindlu ezithengiswayo
Isibalo semali ebolekwe emakhaya singama-30.356, 20,4, 2017% ngaphezulu kunango-Okthoba 126.926, ngokusho kwakamuva okuhlinzekwe yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE). Lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukuthi isilinganiso semali singama-euro ayi-XNUMX, ane- Ukwanda ngo-4,6%. Isilinganiso semali ebolekiwe ebhaliswe kumarejista ezindlu ngo-Okthoba (kusuka kuzenzo zangaphambili zomphakathi) ingama-euro ayi-138.171, ama-5,8% angaphansi kwenyanga efanayo ngo-2017.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye imininingwane efanele ye-INE ukuthi inani lempahla ekhokhelwa izindlu zasemadolobheni lifinyelela ku-5.594,4 million euros, 13,5% ngaphezu kuka-Okthoba 2017. Ezezindlu, i imali ebolekiwe imi ezigidini ezingama-3.853,0, ngokunyuka konyaka ngama-25,9%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi kulesi sikhathi esihlaziyiweyo, ngoba imali ebanjwayo ikhonjiswe kumanani ezakhiwo ngo-Okthoba, isilinganiso senzalo esimaphakathi ekuqaleni singama-2,57% (4,3% ngaphansi kunaleso sango-Okthoba 2017 ) kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi seminyaka engama-23.
Izinguquko kwimalimboleko yezindlu
Amaphesenti angu-62,4% wemali mboleko asezingeni lenzalo eguquguqukayo kanye nama-37,6% ngesilinganiso esimisiwe. Izinga lenzalo elijwayelekile ekuqaleni lingu-2,35% ka- ukubolekwa kwezinga okuguqukayo (3,5% ngaphansana kuka-Okthoba 2017) no-3,06% wemalimboleko yamanani amisiwe (9,1% ephansi). Ukugcina sifinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi imali mboleko engu-5.355 46,3 enezinguquko ezimweni zayo, ama-10,0% kungenxa yezinguquko kumazinga wenzalo. Ngemuva koshintsho ezimweni, iphesenti lemali mboleko yenzalo engaguquki lenyuke lisuka ku-15,1% laya ku-88,7%, ngenkathi leyo yemalimboleko yenzalo eguquguqukayo yehle isuka ku-83,4% yaya ku-XNUMX%.
I-Euribor yisilinganiso lapho iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu lemali mboleko yamanani eguqukayo libhekisa kuyo, kokubili ngaphambi koshintsho (76,4%) nangemuva (77,5%). Ngemuva kwe ukuguqulwa kwezimo, inzalo emaphakathi yemalimboleko kwizibambiso zesilinganiso esimisiwe inciphisa amaphuzu ayi-1,0. Izimalimboleko zamanani eziguqukayo nazo zehle ngamaphuzu ayi-1,0. Yonke le mininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi kunesidingo esikhulu salo mkhiqizo obalulekile wezezimali, kusanesilinganiso senzalo esincintisanayo ngokufanele izintshisekelo zabasebenzisi. Yize izimpawu zokuqala sezivele zibhekwa ngokunyuka kwentengo ebhentshini lokulinganisa laseYurophu, i-Euribor, ebisinyuke izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhweba ngamanani aphansi ngokomlando.
Qasha ngophahla
Olunye lwezinhlelo zokutshala imali lwenziwa ngokuqashwa kwezindlu, kakhulu imiphumela emihle kubanikazi babo. Akumangalisi ukuthi, kungakhohlwa ukuthi lo mbuso wokuthengiswa kwezindlu unenzuzo enkulu futhi ungaphezu kwezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Ngalo mqondo, kunedatha efanelekile njengoba intengo yokuqasha ikhule kancane ngaphezu kuka-15% kwikota yesithathu yonyaka ka-2018. Le datha esebenza imele inani eliphakeme kakhulu elifinyelelwe eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, okubandakanya isikhathi lapho Inkinga yezomnotho yathuthuka.
Ngenxa yalokhu kukhuphuka kokuqasha, abanikazi ngalesi sikhathi bazoba nenzuzo kusondele ku-15%. Amaphesenti okuthi noma ngabe ikuphi angakhiqizi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemikhiqizo yezezimali, noma emholweni ongaguquguquki noma emholweni oguqukayo. Kwanele ukukhumbula ukuthi imikhiqizo emikhulu yasebhange (imali yesikhathi esinqunyiwe, amabhondi noma ama-akhawunti emali engenayo ephezulu) ayidluli ngokwengeziwe amazinga acishe abe ngu-0,5%. Ngenxa yentengo eshibhile yemali futhi lokho sekuholele ekutheni inzuzo yayo ibe sezingeni lomlando iminyaka eminingana manje.
Ingabe kukhona ingozi yebhamu lempahla?
Olunye uvalo olufanele kakhulu olutholwa ngabasebenzeli bezezimali nabezomnotho iqiniso lokuthi ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ezayo ibhamuza elikhulunywa kakhulu nge-real estate lingaqhuma. Ngalo mqondo, umbono wochwepheshe kulo mkhakha ukhombisa ukuthi izimo azikabi khona ukuze uvele kusukela manje. Okungenani esikhathini esifushane, okuyiso abatshalizimali abathanda kakhulu kuso. Okuphambene nalokho, uma kuvela emakethe yezitini ukuthi intengo yendlu isiphelile ukufudumala, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu aseSpain.
Kulesi simo esivamile, akunakuphikwa kodwa imibono iya ngenye indlela futhi ixwayisa kuphela ngengozi yokuthi intengo yezindlu izohamba ikhula inyanga nenyanga. Akumangalisi ukuthi kuzoba nesikhathi lapho lo mkhuba ungeke ube nenye indlela ngaphandle kokulinganisa. Le yinkinga ethize impela ekhona eSpain hhayi kwamanye amazwe asendaweni yethu eseduze. Lesi yisici esingangabazeki ukuthi singagcina sithinte amagugu omkhakha wezokwakha emalini kazwelonke
Ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamafulethi
Le misebenzi sebekhule ngo-13% ngonyaka odlule, yize kungaba nokuhluka okuncane kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ngalo mqondo, izifundo ezehlukene nemibiko evela emkhakheni uphakamisa ukuthi kuzintengo zezindlu ze-2019 zizonyuka, zisuka kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-1.650 ngemitha eyisikwele okwamanje okuthengiselwa kuyo cishe ama-euro ayi-1.800 ngemitha eyisikwele. Kunoma ikuphi, kubonakala kunokwehluka okuncane kakhulu kunalokho okwenziwe eminyakeni edlule. Manje okuzofanele kuhlolwe ukuthi ngabe lo nyaka uzoveza yini ushintsho ekuthengweni nasekuthengisweni kwemizi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesifiso sengxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukuze batshale imali abayongele ekuvikelekeni komkhakha izimali zikazwelonke. Kungaba umqondo omuhle, kepha uphethe izingozi ezinkulu futhi kungukuvela kwalezi zimakethe zezezimali kulo nyaka okhona. Awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi i-Ibex 35 yehle ngaphezu kuka-15% ngonyaka odlule wokuhweba. Izingozi, ngakho-ke, zivele zifihliwe kangangokuba ungazishiyela ama-euro amaningi endleleni.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwesahlukaniso
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye zalezi zinkampani ezibalwe zisabalalisa isabelo esikhulu phakathi kwabaninimasheya, ngenzalo ibalelwa phakathi kuka-3% no-6%. Njengenzuzo engaguquki eqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke, noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezimali. Njengecebo lokuqala kakhulu lokwenza imali engenayo engaguquki kokuguquguqukayo nokugwema imingcele ebuthakathaka yokulamula enikezwa okwamanje yimikhiqizo ehlukile yokonga nokutshala imali. Ngecebo elibekwe esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside futhi lokho kuhloswe kwiphrofayili echazwe kahle yabatshalizimali: umsebenzisi ozivikelayo ofuna ukonga imali yakhe ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa.
Okungenani esikhathini esifushane, okuyiso abatshalizimali abathanda kakhulu kuso. Okuphambene nalokho, uma kuvela emakethe yezitini ukuthi intengo yezindlu iyashisa, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu aseSpain. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwezisekelo zayo. Ikuphi i-X-ray yalo mkhakha obalulekile wezomnotho waseSpain futhi enye yezintandokazi yingxenye enhle yabasebenzisi bezwe lethu ngalo mzuzu oqondile.
Le misebenzi sebekhule ngo-13% ngonyaka odlule, yize kungaba nokuhluka okuncane kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ngalo mqondo, izifundo ezehlukene nemibiko evela emkhakheni uphakamisa ukuthi kuzintengo zezindlu ze-2019 zizonyuka, zisuka kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-1.650 ngemitha eyisikwele okwamanje okuthengiselwa kuyo cishe ama-euro ayi-1.800 ngemitha eyisikwele.