Uyini umholo omncane kanye nomholo wangempela

Lapho sifuna umsebenzi omunye we Izingqinamba esivame ukuzicabangela yiholo; Njengoba kufunwa ukuthi lokhu kuhambisana nesikhathi esitshaliwe, nezenzo ezenziwayo, kubhekelwa nekhono lomuntu lokwenza umsebenzi ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi ezuzisa umnotho wenkampani. Manje, sibaluleke kangakanani isikhathi sethu? Sidinga imali engakanani ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zethu?

Okunye ukungabaza okuvame kakhulu ukwazi indlela ye- umehluko phakathi komholo wangempela nomholo wokuqokwaNgakho-ke, ngezansi sizocacisa ukuthi ngayinye iqukethe ini nokuthi yehluke kanjani.

Uyini umholo?

Okokuqala, kufanele ukwazi lokho umholo imali etholwa yisisebenzi, imvamisa ngezikhathi ezithile (imvamisa iba njalo ngenyanga). Kulokhu ungahlukanisa umehluko weholo kanye nomholo wangempela, engizochaza ngezansi:

Imiqondo yomholo wokuqokwa kanye nomholo wangempela

Kunemigomo emibili ekhomba iholo umuntu analo, lapha kuphakama umbuzo wokuthi kungani kudingeka amatemu amabili omholo ofanayo, ngoba ukuthi kunezimbili akusho ukuthi leyo miholo emibili iyatholwa, kodwa kunalokho le migomo isebenza ukukhombisa izinto ezimbili ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile emholweni; lawa magama umholo wegama kanye nomholo wangempela, Okulandelayo, kuzonikezwa incazelo emfushane yokuthi ngamunye wabo uqukethe ini.

Umholo wokuqokwa

Igama elithi umholo wokuqokwa libhekisa ku- umholo uvezwe ngokwezimali; Yisamba semali esikhokhelwe isisebenzi ngomsebenzi owenziwe ngosuku olubekiwe. Lapho kukhulunywa ngeholo elincane ngeke sikwazi ukusinikeza umbono ojwayelekile mayelana ne- izinga noma inani langempela lomholo. Inani langempela laleliholo lixhomeke ngokuphelele ezingeni lamanani ahambelana nezinto ezisetshenziswa ngabantu, nakubaluleka bezinsizakalo ezidingekayo, kanye nakwivolumu yentela, phakathi kwezinye izindleko ezivamile.

Njengamanje, kulawo mazwe lapho uhlelo olulawula ukutholwa kunguCapitalism, yize kukhona okuvelayo ukwanda kokuvezwa kwamaholo ngokuya ngenani lawo lemaliOkuthathwa njengomholo wangempela abasebenzi abawutholayo kuncipha ukwehla ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto ezithathwa njengezindatshana ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, kubhekiswa ekusetshenzisweni okwenziwa ngumsebenzi ukwanelisa izidingo zakhe; Lokhu kwehla kwenani kungenxa yokwanda kwemithwalo yentela, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhloso yombuso ukuthi abasebenzi yibo abathwala wonke umthwalo odalwa ngenxa yobunzima bezomnotho kanye nesisindo esidalwe wumsebenzi wezikhali.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, emiphakathini lapho uhlelo luphethwe ubusoshiyali, ukwenyuka kweholo elincane -ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezigaba zabasebenzi nabasebenzi abathola iholo eliphansi-, uma lihambisana ne ukwehliswa kwentengo ezintweni eziyisisekelo zabathengi zabasebenzi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiholo langempela labo bonke abasebenzi kukhuphuke kakhulu. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu eyenza lokhu yi- umphelelisi weholo elincane, enikezwa izikhwama zabathengi zenhlalo, ezihloselwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlangene zawo wonke amalungu omphakathi wobusoshiyali. Imali ekhishwa nguHulumeni weSocialist kanye nezinye izinhlangano zezenhlalo ezidalelwe lezi zinhloso, ikhuphula kubasebenzi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yemali etholwa abasebenzi. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa komphakathi kukhuphuka futhi ngasikhathi sinye iziqu zabasebenzi zikhuphuka, kancane kancane amazinga emiholo abasebenzi, abasebenzi kanye nezifundiswa zizosondela zize zihlale ezingeni elilodwa.

Umholo wangempela

Le ncazelo isho umholo ovezwa maqondana nempilo nezinsizakalo lapho umsebenzi enayo neholo lakhe; Kukhombisa inani lezinto zabathengi umsebenzi akwazi ukuzithola, kanye nezinsizakalo isisebenzi esingazithenga ngomholo waso (ophethwe ngenani lemali umsebenzi alitholayo). Inani elinganikezwa kumholo wangempela lincike ekucatshangweni okuningana, ukufaka ezinye zazo kuya nge ubukhulu beholo eliphansi, esinye isici yi izinga lentengo ezihambelana nezinto zabathengi kanye nezinga lentengo yesevisi, ubukhulu bazo bunqunywa nayizindleko zerenti ngenxa yentela ebekelwa abasebenzi nguhulumeni.

Emazweni abuswa yi-Capitalism, okuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi i- izindleko zento futhi nalokho kwezinsizakalo, ngaphezu kwezintela nezintela, kukhula ngokuqhubekayo. Umzabalazo wesigaba okhona kulezi zinhlelo ubangela ukuthi nomholo wokuqokwa ushintshe nawo. Kungumthetho wongxiwankulu ukuthi umholo wangempela wesisebenzi ziphathe ngendlela yokuthi ithande ukwehla. Kula mazwe aphethwe yizinqubo zongxiwankulu, kwenzeka umcimbi othinta kakhulu umholo wangempela, ukuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizo owenziwayo, kufaka iqiniso lokwandisa inani labasebenzi nabasebenzi abaphansi abanamakhono ngakho-ke laba basebenzi thola iholo eliphansi eliphansi okuthinta kabi kabi ubukhulu bomholo wangempela.

Yize umzabalazo wesigaba ubangela ukuthi umholo ophakanyisiwe wenyuswe, iqiniso ukuthi ukunyuka komholo ongasho lutho akubuyiseli ngempela ukwehla kobukhulu bomholo wangempela, ngoba ezinye izinto ezinqumayo, njengezintengo izindatshana zokusetshenziswa nezintela ezidingekayo zikhula ngokushesha ukwedlula iholo elincane. Ngale ndlela singathola ukuthi ukuthambekela okujwayelekile, yize ukukhuphuka kwamaholo, kungukuthi isikhathi ngasinye isisebenzi asikwazi kangako ukuthenga imikhiqizo eyisisekelo yabathengi. Indlela uhulumeni noma izinhlangano eziphethe ukugxeka nokulawula lezi zinkinga ezibalela ngayo isilinganiso semali yangempela yabasebenzi ayihambelani namaqembu athile emphakathini, kodwa isamba somholo wabasebenzi nomholo wabasebenzi. Abasebenzi abahola kahle, bengeza lokho kwabaphathi bezinkampani nabaqondisi, amanye amalungu omphakathi, noma ngabe iholo labo eliphansi liphansi noma liphezulu.

Ngaphansi kwemibuso ephethwe yisocialism, le nkinga isingathwa ngenye indlela ngoba umholo awulona inani labasebenzi, lokhu kusho ukuthi Iholo lesisebenzi alincikile ekuqeqeshweni kwalokhu, kepha kunalokho ihlobene nezici zekhwalithi ezethulwe ngazo imiphumela yesisebenzi; Esikhundleni salokho, limelela ukubonakaliswa kwemali kwengxenye yemali engenayo kazwelonke ehambelana nabasebenzi kanye nabasebenzi benkampani noma imboni ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu; Njengoba kwakumboziwe phambilini, le mali engenayo kazwelonke isatshalaliswa ngokwezinga lomsebenzi, kodwa nangobuningi bawo. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo se- ukukhiqizwa kohlelo lwezenhlalo kuthuthuka, umholo wangempela ulokhu unyuka njalo. Impikiswano ukuthi umholo wangempela usekelwe ekukhiqizeni abasebenzi emnothweni wezwe. Abasebenzi bomphakathi wobusoshiyali banomphelelisi obalulekile womholo, umphelelisi osuselwe ezikhwameni zabathengi zenhlalo, ezikhulisa imali yangempela yabasebenzi bomphakathi wobusoshiyali ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweholo eliphansi kanye neholo langempela?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlukanisa ngakho-ke sikwazi ukuhumusha umehluko phakathi kwazo zombili izinhlobo zamaholo, ilele esimweni sayo. Ngenkathi umholo wokuqokwa uzothinta ingxenye yezinombolo futhi sithola malini, umholo wangempela uzogxila kakhulu ekutholeni imikhiqizo futhi singathola amangaki. Ukuthi ingxenye eqokiwe (noma eyamanani) inethuba lokushintshaniswa ngemikhiqizo engcono noma ukushintshaniswa okungcono kwezinye zezimali kuhlobene nezinqubomgomo zezimali zendawo ngayinye. Ngale ndlela, yize iholo elizimele liyingxenye eqonde kakhulu futhi elula ukuyihumusha, empeleni ingxenye ebalulekile ukuthi singakwenza kangakanani ngayo (umholo wangempela). Ukwenza lokhu, sizobona umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu phakathi komunye nomunye nokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali kugcina kubathinte kanjani.

Amandla okuthenga, amandla okuthenga

Phakathi kwazo zonke, okubaluleke kakhulu amandla okuthenga umsebenzi anawo. Lokho kuvame ukuhlenga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi kukwehla kwamandla emali, okuhumusha okulandelayo:

1. Umholo Wokuqokwa: Kuyingxenye yamanani ebusayo. Inani eliphelele lemali etholiwe. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi sinokuningi, ngoba imali iyithuluzi lokuthenga imikhiqizo. Uma intengo yemikhiqizo inyuka futhi umholo esiwuqokile uphansi, sizokwazi ukuthenga okuncane. Kulokhu, umholo wokuqokwa yinani eliboniswa kumholo okhokhelwayo, ngokwesibonelo, € 1.300 ngenyanga.
2. Umholo Wangempela: Kungaba yingxenye "ebonakalayo" yomholo wokuqokwa, okungukuthi, inani lemikhiqizo esingayithenga. Umuntu oneminyaka engu-15 edlule athola i- € 1.300 futhi, ngokwesibonelo, uyaqhubeka nokuthola i- € 1.300 namuhla, umholo wakhe wokuzikhandla ubungeke ukhuphuke noma wehle. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kwamandla emali nezindleko zokuphila bekuzokhuphuka, ngakho-ke nge- € 1.300 namuhla bengizothenga izinto ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15 eyedlule.

Ukusho okucacile, eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule isilinganiso sokwehla kwamandla emali endaweni ye-Euro kube ngu-1%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-15 izindleko zokuphila zikhuphuke ngama-26%. Ukube umuntu ubethole i- € 1.300 eminyakeni eyi-15 eyedlule, ngezindleko ze- € 1.000, bebengonga i- € 300 ngenyanga. Umholo wakhe wangempela wamnika ukuxega. Kodwa-ke, ukube umholo wakhe ubugcinwa, namuhla leyo mali efanayo yokuphila ibizombiza u- € 1.260, ngakho-ke ubengonga u- € 40 kuphela ngenyanga. Umholo wakho wangempela kuleli cala ubuzoba mncane kakhulu.

Kufanele ikhuphuke kanjani yomibili imiholo

Okokugcina, ukuqonda kumele imiholo yethu ithuthukiswe kangakanani ukuze sikwazi ukugcina izinga lethu lempilo. Ngenxa yokuthi umholo wangempela yiwona esichaza ngawo ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwemali olusetshenzisiwe emiholweni yethu, inhloso yethu imvamisa ukuyigcina noma ukuyinyusa. Ukuthola ukuthi amandla ethu okuthenga athuthukile yini, ake sibheke ukwehla kwamandla emali.

Ukugcina amandla afanayo okuthenga, okungukuthi, umholo wangempela, umholo wethu wokulinganisa kufanele ukwanda ngokuhambisana nokwehla kwamandla emali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma unyaka owodwa ukwehla kwamandla emali kukhuphuke ngo-2%, umholo wethu wokulinganisa nawo kufanele ukhuphuke ngo-2%. Ngale ndlela, umholo wangempela ungagcinwa.

Ukukhushulwa komholo omncane ngaphezu kwe-inflation kungaholela emholweni wangempela ongcono ngoba amandla ethu okuthenga azonyuka. Okusho ukuthi, uma ukwehla kwamandla emali unyaka owodwa uku-2%, inqobo nje uma umholo wethu unyuka ngo-2% noma ngaphezulu, sizothuthukisa amandla ethu okuthenga.

Ukuze lokho kwenzeke, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi uma sikhuluma ngokunyuswa kwamaholo ngo-2%, kufanele sibheke umholo ophelele. Umholo ophelele ungakhuphuka kulayini ofanayo nokwehla kwamandla emali, ngo-2%. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhuphuka bekungeke kubonakale emholweni ophelele uma ukudonswa okwenziwe kumholo okhokhelwayo nakho kukhuphuka lapho ufaka kubakaki wentela ohlukile.

Iziphetho zomholo wokuqokwa kanye nomholo wangempela

Sengiphetha, singasho ukuthi umholo omncane ngumholo otholwa ngumsebenzi ngokushintshanisa umsebenzi wakhe; ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokho kuchazwa njenge- umholo wangempela uhlobene kakhulu nezindleko zemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo okudingeka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo.

Ngamagama amaningi ezomnotho, umholo wangempela ukhombisa ukuthi umholo uyakwazi ukuthenga ini, noma ngabe amandla okuthenga wesisebenzi lapho ethola umholo wakhe; Kugqanyiswa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamaholo luthintekile ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali, okusho ukuthi, ukwenyuka kwamanani ngenxa yezinto ezingalawuleki.
Ukuqonda kangcono umehluko phakathi kokunye nokunye, into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukuyichaza ngokuqinile. Umholo wokuzisholo inani lemali umsebenzi olitholayo, kanti umholo wangempela uhlobene namanani wemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo.

Umehluko omkhulu futhi obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amaholo angakhushulwa ngaphandle kokukhulisa inhlalakahle yawoLokhu kusho ukuthi zombili izintengo zemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zingakhuphuka kakhulu noma ngesilinganiso esifanayo nomholo ongaphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngumholo wangempela ohlinzeka ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuthi umholo ubaluleke kangakanani, okungukuthi, lokho umsebenzi angakuthenga ngomholo wakhe.

Lapho zonke izici zihlangana ukuze i ukwanda kweholo langempela kubhekwa njengezindaba ezinhleKuhle ngoba kusho ukuthi isisebenzi singathola imikhiqizo eminingi kanye nezinsizakalo ezinelisa izidingo zabo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma yehla, kusho ukuthi banamandla amancane okuthenga, ngakho-ke amandla abo okwanelisa izidingo zabo ayancipha.

Ingabe unokungabaza ngokuthi uyini umholo oyisisekelo? Siyakutshela:

I-athikili ehlobene:

Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nomholo oyisisekelo