Uma kunemikhiqizo emibili egcina i- ukufana okuthile phakathi kwabo Lezi ngokungangabazeki izimali ezihlanganyelanayo nama-ETF aziwa kangcono njengezimali zokuhwebelana. Isakhiwo sabo asishintshi neze futhi okuhlukaniswa kakhulu kubo yiphothifoliyo yezimpahla zezimali okwakhiwe ngazo zombili imikhiqizo yezezimali. Eyokuqala yazo, okusho ukuthi, izimali zokutshala imali ziyisibonelo esincike eqinisweni lokuthi zakha isikhungo sokutshala imali esihlangene, esiqukethe ukuhlanganisa izimali ezivela kubatshali zimali abahlukene, ezemvelo noma zomthetho. Ngenhloso efanayo, okungekho okunye ngaphandle kokutshala izimali zabo kuzinto ezahlukene noma izimpahla zezezimali.
Ngenkathi ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-ETF noma izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa kuyingxube ethile phakathi kwezimali ezihlangene kanye nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya ezimakethe zezimali. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi nge amakhomishini ancintisana kakhulu ngezintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kukuzinye izici lapho imikhiqizo yezezimali ihlukile futhi yilapho sizogxila kokuqukethwe yile ndatshana ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Okokuqala, ukugcizelela ukuthi izimali zokutshala imali, ukuvela kokulingana ngo-Ephreli kwakukuhle ezigabeni eziningi, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco). Ngaphandle kwemali engenayo engaguquki (ukukhuphuka kwamanani ayo enyanga kuchazwa kakhulu ngokudluliselwa kulesi sigaba semali ehlukahlukene yemali, ngemuva kokushicilelwa yi-CNMV yesiyingi semisebenzi emisha), kanye nemali engenayo ehlanganisiwe (lapho ukwanda kwemali kube nomthelela ukudluliselwa kuleli bizo lesikhwama semali engenayo esixubile esikhulu), the izimali zomhlaba wonke nezimali zamazwe ngamazwe zokulingana bahole ukukhula komthamo wezimpahla nge-751 naku-656 wezigidi zama-euro, ngokulandelana.
Ama-ETF ahlosiwe okwesikhashana
Umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokutshala izimali ukuthi izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshana ifaneleka kakhulu esikhathini esifushane. Ngokungafani nezimali zokutshala imali ezigxile kuzikhathi zaphakade ezinde noma ezinzile. Ukuze ukusebenza kwayo kulungiswe kulindeleke kubaphathi ngokwabo, kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukubheke lokhu ukuze ungenzi amaphutha esikhathini esinqunyelwe lapho zombili izindlela zokulondolozwa ziqondiswe kuzo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi kugcizelelwe manje njengoba izimali zokutshala imali zihlose isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuhlala abahlangabezani nokulindelwe ngalokho abadaliwe. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi azenzi nzuzo futhi kungaholela nasekulahlekelweni okuphawuleka kakhulu kuphothifoliyo yale mikhiqizo yezezimali. Lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile ukwenzeka nabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abangazazi izimo zokuthola izinkontileka zalezi zinhlobo zokutshala imali.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwempahla yezezimali
Esinye isici esihlukanisa umkhiqizo owodwa wezezimali yilowo ohlobene ne ukwakheka kwephothifoliyo yakho yezokuphepha noma izimpahla zezezimali. Lokhu kungale ndlela ngoba kuma-ETFs ukutshalwa kwemali kuvame ukuqhutshwa kwimpahla eyodwa yezezimali. Kungaba ngolunye uhlobo: imali engaguquki, amasheya, izinto zokusetshenziswa noma izinsimbi eziyigugu. Ukuze ngale ndlela ukwazi ukugxila emakethe eyodwa, ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa isiphakamiso sokutshala imali. Ngalo mqondo, kufana kakhulu nokuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya kunasesikhwameni sokutshala imali uqobo.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, izimali zokutshala imali zinamandla ezingahle zilingane izimpahla ezehlukene zezimali. Hhayi kuphela kumasheya, kepha futhi kusukela kumali engenayo engaguquki noma ngisho nakwezinye amamodeli amasha kakhulu. Ukuze ngale ndlela, usesimweni sokulondoloza inhlokodolobha yakho ngaphezu kokunye ukucasulwa okunamandla kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi izingozi zincishiswe kakhulu ngokusebenzisa isu elikhethekile lokutshala imali. Ukuba, ngamafuphi, kungenye yezimpawu zayo ezifanele kakhulu futhi okukuhlukanisa neminye imikhiqizo yezezimali.
Amakhomishini nezindleko ekuphathweni kwawo
Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, ukusebenza kwazo kubandakanya izindleko ekuphathweni nasekugcinweni kwayo. Lokho kungafinyelela ku-3% wenani eliphelele elitshaliwe. Kepha ngenkathi kusezimalini zokutshala imali kuyinkokhelo ebanzi kakhulu engenza amakhomishini amaningana: ukuphathwa, idiphozithi noma owokugcina ukuvela njengoba kubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokuphumelela. Lapho kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isikhwama esimba eqolo ngaphakathi kwemikhiqizo enezici ezifanayo. Njengefomula yokuqukatha noma okungenani ukukhawulela lezi zindleko eziyimpoqo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-ETF noma izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa zibonakaliswa ngokuyisisekelo ngokufaka amakhomishini athambile kuzinsalela ezitshaliwe zokulondoloza noma zokulondoloza. Ngamanani empeleni kungacatshangwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe okungathinta ukukhetha kwale mikhiqizo yezezimali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ukonga kule misebenzi kungakhuthazwa kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Ukubambezeleka kokuthenga nokuthengisa
Kulokho abavumelana ngakho, zombili izimali zokutshala imali kanye nohlu olukulo ukuthi imisebenzi yokuthenga nokuthengisa ayenzeki ngaleso sikhathi. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, bavame ukuba semzimbeni zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu besungule imiyalo efanele yokubulawa. Lesi sici siyakhuthaza ukwenqatshwa kwemali akusheshi ku-akhawunti yokonga kepha kuzodingeka alinde izimali zemali ziye ku-akhawunti yamanje.
Ngakho-ke, akuyona iminyakazo efanelekile ukwenza imisebenzi esheshayo futhi engathuthukisiwe kakhulu ngosuku olufanayo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba izimali azikhokhi ngezikhathi ezincane. Lapho ukutshalwa kwemali kungavamile ukuba sesimweni sokwazisa ngaphezu kwe-1%. Okuthile okungeke kwenzeke ngokunyakaza okuqhutshwa ezimakethe zamasheya.