Umbono womkhakha wokuthenga nokuthengisa emakhaya muhle kakhulu ngo-2018 njengoba kulinganiselwa ukuthi isibalo semisebenzi sizokhula ngo-18%. Ngalo mqondo, ukuhlanganiswa kwempahla ingaba enye ye ezinye izindlela zokutshala imali kusukela manje kuya phambili ngenxa yobuthakathaka obukhonjiswe izimakethe zezimali. Ngokuwa kwezinye zezinkomba zamasheya ezifanele ezingaphezu kuka-10%. Ngokwalo mbono, ukuxubana kwabantu abaningi kungukutshalwa kwezimali okuhlanganyelwe okuvumela ukutshala imali encane kumaphrojekthi wempahla yangempela, emisebenzini yokuthenga kanye ukuqasha izindlu.
Kungashiwo ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-real estate crowdlending kuyindlela entsha efakwe emkhakheni wokutshala imali, kepha ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu maqondana nezendabuko. Ibeka isu layo ekuzibekeni endaweni eyi- umkhakha wezindlu zangempela, kodwa ngaphandle kokwenza imizamo eyeqile yemali, futhi ngokuhlanganyela nabanye abatshalizimali abanezici ezifanayo. Ngenhloso yokubamba iqhaza ezinzuzweni zokuthengwa kwanoma iyiphi impahla (izindlu, izakhiwo noma amahhovisi).
Njengomphumela waleli su, le misebenzi kulula ukuyiqedela ngoba, ngenxa yamanani aphansi adingekayo ekutshalweni kwabo, ivumela ukufinyelela cishe kuyo yonke imizi. Hhayi ize, ingafinyelelwa kusuka kuma-euro ayi-1.000 kuphela kwamanye amapulatifomu analezi zici. Ngenkathi kungenzeka ukuthi ukubuya kungafinyelela cishe ku-10%, kanye nesikhathi saphakade esingasondela phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 nezingu-16 cishe. Ngokusebenzisa imodeli yokutshalwa kwezimali evelele okwamanje ngokuqanjwa kwayo ngokuphelele.
Ukugcwala kwabantu: sebenzisa ngokunenzuzo umkhakha
Konke lokhu, kumongo ofana nowamanje, lapho imakethe yezindlu eqhubeka ngokusobala eSpain. Ukubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekukhuleni koMkhiqizo Wekhaya Omkhulu (i-GDP) owavalwa ngonyaka odlule ngokunyuka kuka-3,1%. Yize muva nje i-International Monetary Fund (IMF) yehlise izibikezelo zayo zaba ngu-2,4% kowezi-2018. Ngalo mqondo, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinzuzo umkhakha wezezakhiwo ongomunye wabanamandla kakhulu kwezomnotho kuzwelonke. Ngaphezulu kwezinye izingxenye zamasu, njengogesi noma ngisho nokubhanga.
Umbono womkhakha ucacile ngokuya ngemininingwane enikezwe ngumbiko wakamuva Imakethe Yokuhlala eSpain lokho kulungiselelwe yiServihabitat. Lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwemizi izokhula ngaphezu kwe-18% ngo-2018, ngaphezu kokusebenza okungu-550.000. Isibalo esicela ukutshalwa kwezimali ngokutholwa kwempahla yangempela nangokungaqondile kokuvikeleka komkhakha wezezakhiwo okubalwe kumasheya aseSpain.
Izimali Zephrojekthi
Kepha uma ungenawo amandla okuthenga ukubhekana nale misebenzi, kuzohlala kunenketho yokukhetha ukuqoqwa kwempahla. Yize ngochungechunge lwezithunzi ezizodingeka ukuxwayisa ukuvimbela izehlakalo ezingenzeka ekutshalweni kwezimali. Lapho mhlawumbe ingozi enkulu kakhulu yale misebenzi ilele ekutheni lena kuseyimakethe etholakalayo eSpain. Lapho amapulatifomu lapho uzotshala khona imali kuseyidlanzana futhi ahamba ngamamodeli webhizinisi ahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Lelisu elisha livumela amaqembu okutshala izimali ukuthi axhase amaphrojekthi ahlobene nomkhakha wezezakhiwo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imigqa yezikweletu enikezwa yizikhungo zezezimali. Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukuqeda uchungechunge lwe- izindleko ekusebenzeni kwakho lokho kunciphisa izindleko zamaphrojekthi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngabatshalizimali abancane abanikela kubo ukuze bavuzwe ngokubuyiselwa okungafinyelela ku-15%. Kunoma ikuphi, kunzima kakhulu ukukuthola ngezimakethe zezimali futhi akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele emalini engenayo engaguquki noma kumikhiqizo yasebhange (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso noma amasu wokonga).
Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi
Kodwa-ke, akuyona imbuyiselo emisiwe minyaka yonke, noma ezinyangeni. Kepha okuphambene nalokho, kuya ngoguquko ku amanani ezindlu. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwenziwa kusuka kokunye ukusebenza kuya kwesinye kuye ngesikhathi imali etshalwe ngaso. Akufani ngaso sonke isikhathi ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise ngokunenzuzo ukuthambekela okuphezulu emakethe yezezakhiwo ukuze uthuthukise inzalo. Ukuphakama kokukhula komnotho, kukhuphuka ukubuyela kubatshalizimali. Ngokusebenzisa uhla lwezimbuyiselo ezisukela ku-2% kuya ku-15%.
Kunoma ikuphi, esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu zokuqoqwa kwempahla ingcebo ukuthi ihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo ze amaphrojekthi wangempela, kusukela ekuthengweni kwezindawo kuya emafulethini aqashisayo. Kusuka emafulethini asenkabeni yamadolobha amakhulu kuya kwezinye iziphakamiso zezezakhiwo ezishiya imingcele yethu ukutshala imali ezitini ezihlala zisiza. Isibonelo, e-Italy, eFrance noma kwamanye amazwe asendaweni eseduze kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, kunembuyiselo efana ncamashi naleyo ekhiqizwe kutshalo-mali lwezwe lethu.
Kubhaliswe ne-CNMV
Kuthatha ukulinda isikhashana ukuthola izinzuzo ezilinganisiwe, phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka emithathu. Lokhu kungenye yezingqinamba zalolu tshalomali. Yize okubaluleke kakhulu kutholakala ekubonakaleni okuncane okungahlinzekwa ngamapulatifomu okugcwala. Ukulungisa le nkinga engahle ibe khona, abatshalizimali bazodinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinkampani zibhalisiwe ne- Ikhomishini Yemakethe Yamasheya Kazwelonke (CNMV). Akumangalisi ukuthi kuyisu elihle kakhulu lokugwema izehlakalo ekusebenzeni.
Futhi, lokhu imodeli yokusebenzisana utshalomali aluvumeli utshalomali olukhulu. Kepha kunalokho, iminikelo ephansi ibanga eliphakathi kwama-euro ayizi-50 kuya kwayi-10.000. Ngaphandle kokuthi umtshali-zimali avunyelwe futhi lapho ezoba sesimweni sokudlula la ma-margins. Yize kulokhu kuzodingeka ukuthi unikeze isixazululo kuma-akhawunti akho. Isibonelo, ukuba nemali engenayo yonyaka engaphezu kwama-euro angama-50.000 kanye nempahla yezezimali engaphezu kwama-euro ayi-100.000. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, kuzosala kuphela ukukhetha iphrojekthi yezezakhiwo ezingaba nenzuzo ethe xaxa, kuya ngendawo nezici zephrojekthi.
Ayikho enye indlela yokutshala imali
Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, kufanele kube nguwe onquma ukuthi kuzofaneleka yini ukutshala imali ngale ndlela ekutshalweni okukhethekile. Ngezingozi nezinzuzo zayo, kepha noma kunjalo kungaba mnandi ngesikhathi lapho kungekho zinketho zokutshala imali. Ngoba impela, imikhiqizo engenayo engaguquki banikela ngokulambisa ngaphezu kwe-1%, noma ngabe kulungisiwe futhi kuqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke izimo.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, izimali zamasheya zishiye imingcele yenzuzo ebeziyijabulela phakathi kuka-2013 no-2017 futhi zingangena ekuhambeni okuphansi okuyingozi kakhulu kuzintshisekelo zakho. Ngalo mqondo, awungeke ukhohlwe ukuthi ukukhethwa kwemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain kungasusa unyaka ngokuwa ngaphezulu kwe-10%, ngenkathi i-Eurostoxx 50 ishiya cishe i-10% yenani layo kulo nyaka. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi izimali ezingasenanzuzo njengakwenye iminyaka. Yize kungaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lesi simo sizokuya kude kangakanani ezimakethe zezimali. Ukuphakama kokukhula komnotho, kukhuphuka ukubuyela kubatshalizimali.
Izinzuzo zokugcwala kwabantu abaningi
Kunoma ikuphi, lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwemali okuhlukile lungakunikeza uchungechunge lwezinzuzo ezingathakazelisa kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukwenza inzuzo ngemali etholakalayo kusukela manje kuqhubeke: Yiziphi lezi zinzuzo ezibikwa ngalokhu kusebenza emakethe yezezakhiwo? Yebo, zinhlobonhlobo futhi zinencazelo ehlukile njengaleyo esiyinikeza ngezansi:
- La ukuguquguquka eminikelweni yezomnotho ingesinye sezici ezijwayelekile zale misebenzi eyenziwa emkhakheni wezitini obalulekile. Kusuka kumanani athengeka kakhulu kwabanye adinga umzamo omkhulu wokutshala imali.
- Futhi uzoba nezinye izindlela eziningi maqondana ne- isikhathi sokuhlala. Lokho wukuthi, kufanele ube nemali engenakunyakaziswa nethuba lokuyihlenga noma kunini. Hhayi ekusebenzeni okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Njengenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zokugcwala kwezindlu.
- I-Las amapulatifomu Kusebambalwa kakhulu abathengisa lo mkhiqizo ukuze batshale imali kanti abanye babo abalawulwa ngokomthetho. Ngalo mqondo, awuzukukhetha kodwa ukubheka lezo ezinikeza iziqinisekiso ezinkulu kakhulu.
- Lo mkhakha une- amandla aphezulu iphakeme kakhulu inqobo nje uma umkhakha wezezakhiwo ungaphansi kwesigaba esikhulayo ekukhuleni kwawo. Ngale kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe okuzofanele futhi ukuthi kubonakale kusisa.
- Futhi ekugcineni, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi iyi- umkhakha owandayo lokho kungakhiqiza izinzuzo ezinkulu kusukela manje njengomphumela wezinzuzo ezinhle ezingatholwa esitini.